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The Prokaryotes: Bacteria – Part 2

Tree of Life: Phylum: Proteobacteria (Gram -)

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C: Alpha Proteobacteria

Azospirillum

Rhizobium

Root hair

nodule

Nitrogen-fixers

Rhodospirillum

Purple non-sulfur bacteria

C: Alpha Proteobacteria Human pathogens - rickettsias

Rickettsia R. prowazekii: epidemic typhus

R. rickettsia: Rocky Mtn spotted fever

R. typhi: endemic murine typhus

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma E. chaffeensis: Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME; 1986) Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE; 1993) Anaplasma phagocytophilum (recently renamed)

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C: Alpha Proteobacteria Human pathogens

Bartonella

B. henselae: cat-scratch fever

B. quintana: 5-day/trench fever

brucellosis, undulant fever

C: Alpha Proteobacteria

Vinegar-makers Acetobacter, Gluconobacter

Caulobacter

prostheca

Prosthecate & budding

Hyphomicrobium

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C: Alpha Proteobacteria

Inside insect egg

Agrobacterium

crown gall Wolbachia

C: Alpha Proteobacteria

mitochondria

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C: Beta Proteobacteria Human pathogens

Neisseria

N. gonorrhoeae

N. meningitidis

Bordetella

recycle S: Thiobacillus

C: Beta Proteobacteria

Sometimes human pathogens

Burkholderia spp.

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C: Gamma Proteobacteria

Thiomargarita

Purple sulfur bacteria

Chromatium

Sulfur cycler

C: Gamma Proteobacteria intracellular parasites

Legionella Coxiella

Methane-eaters Methylococcus

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Gamma Proteobacteria

F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics

coliforms (lactose-fermenting) opportunists Escherichia coli Notable nasty strains: Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) Enteroinvasive (EIEC) Enteropathogenic (EPEC) Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) = E. coli O157:H7

Klebsiella

Serratia Enterobacter

Hafnia & Citrobacter

Gamma Proteobacteria

F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics

non-coliforms (non-lactose-fermenting) opportunists

Proteus colony Providencia cells (SEM)

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Salmonella

S. enterica

serovars

S. typhi, S. paratyphi

S. bongori

Gamma Proteobacteria

F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics

frank pathogens

Shigella

bacillary dysentery

Yersinia

Yersinia pestis

C: Gamma Proteobacteria

Family Vibrionaceae

Vibrio

V. cholerae

V. parahaemolyticus

V. vulnificus

V. fischeri

light on light off

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C: Gamma Proteobacteria

Family Pasteurellaceae

Haemophilus

H. influenzae

H. ducreyi

Pasteurella multocida

C: Gamma Proteobacteria miscellaneous non-enterics

Francisella tularensis

Pseudomonas

Moraxella

M. lacunata

M. catarrhalis

Acinetobacter

“Iraqibacter”

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C: Delta Proteobacteria

Desulfovibrio

Myxobacteria

Stigmatella

Bdellovibrio

C: Epsilon Proteobacteria Campylobacter jejuni

2005 Nobel Prize in Medicine

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Tree of Life: Phylum: Chlamydiae

P: Chlamydiae intracellular parasites Chlamydia trachomatis

C. pneumoniae

trachoma

STI

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P: Spirochaetes Treponema

T. pallidum pallidum syphilis

T. p. endemicum

bejel

T. p. pertenue

yaws

T. carateum

pinta

Leptospira interrogans

1o =chancre

3o =gumma

2o = rash

Borrelia

B. recurrenti

Bacteroides Prevotella

P: Bacteroidetes

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P: Fusobacteria

Fusobacterium

Genetic relationships are unclear in the prokaryotes: Horizontal/lateral gene transfer

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Lots more info on the web

For example:

- medical microbiology texts

-  lots of pictures (use a browser that can get images or photos; eg: Google, AltaVista, etc.)

-  microbe information sites eg: MicrobeWiki, Microbe of the Week, etc.