The Nervous System

Created By: Lauren Goessl, Brianna Dachisen, Laura Colandrea, Amanda Alfano

Brain Structure: Frontal Lobe

•Emotional control system and centers of our personalities

•Extremely vulnerable to injury due to the location at the front of the head

•Damage to this lobe is characterized by loss of fine movement and strength, problems with flexibility and problem solving, there is also evidence of interference with attention and memory, and difficulty interpreting feedback

Brain Structure: Temporal Lobe

• Involved with the organization of the sensory input

• Symptoms of lobe damage:

• Disturbance of speech

• Disturbance of attention and vision

• Impaired organization

• Altered behavior/ sexual behavior

Brain Structure: Parietal Lobe

• The parietal lobe is broken into two separate divisions. One involves sensation and perception and the other is concerned with sensory input and visual.

• Individuals with damage to the parietal lobes often show extreme deficits and abnormalities in body image and spatial relations

•Damage to the left parietal lobe can result in “ Gerstmann’s Syndrome” which entails right-left confusion, difficulty with writing and math.

Brain Structure: Occipital Lobe

• This is the center of our visual perception and color recognition

• It is not particularly vulnerable to injury because of their location at the back of the brain.

• Disorders and damage to the occipital lobe can cause hallucinations and illusions•

Brain Structure: Cerebrum

• Determines intelligence, personality, major motor functions, planning and organization, and the sensory impulses

• It is located in the front portion of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres

•Contains deep grooves which are called cerebral fissures

• The cerebrum contains structures like the hypothalamus and thalamus.

Brain Structure: Cerebellum

• Coordination and control of voluntary movement, balance, and muscle tone

• It is located just above the brain stem and toward the back of the brain

• It is well protected from trauma compared to the lobes

•Damage to the cerebellum is associated with tremors, involuntary movement of the eyes, and lack of coordination

Brain Structure: Medulla

• Involved with the sensory and motor tracts, the cardiac and respiratory center, swallowing and coughing, and cranial nerves

•Certain neurons in the medulla control respiration and heart rate.

•Damage to the medulla results in dilated pupils, abnormal breathing, inability to control movement, or paralysis

NEURONS

• Sensory Input

- When your eyes see something or your hands touch a warm surface, the neurons send a message straight to your brain

• Integrations

- The interpretation of thinks you have felt, tasted, or touched into responses that the body recognizes.

• Motor Output

- After your brain interprets all that you have learned, the your brain send a message through the neurons to the effecter cells, muscles, or gland cells. Once the information is passed back down, then the body request is performed.

How Do They Work?

• The sodium and potassium circle in and out of the neuron which creates an impulse “Action Potential”

• As the impulse leaves the axon it becomes a normal state called the “Resting Potential”

Post Synaptic Potential

• The impulses transferred into Neurotransmitters. They then flow into the fluid filled gap called the Synaptic Cleft and enter the dendrites and the process is then repeated.