The Media. What is meant by the Media? News organizations and journalists of either the print...
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Transcript of The Media. What is meant by the Media? News organizations and journalists of either the print...
![Page 1: The Media. What is meant by the Media? News organizations and journalists of either the print (newspapers, magazines), broadcast (TV, radio), or internet.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ebb5503460f94bc323d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Media
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What is meant by the Media?News organizations and journalists of either
the print (newspapers, magazines), broadcast (TV, radio), or internet (websites, newsfeeds, blogs)
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Views of the MediaLibertarian ViewSocial Responsibility Theory
Agenda setting prevails
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Media provide linkageA link between the masses & government“Pseudo-Events”
Appear spontaneous, but are scripted for appeal
Groundbreakings, school ceremonies
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Media as a WatchdogThe media has a watchdog role as the
“eyes and ears of the world”Fact-CheckingInvestigative reporting
“Muckraking”Exposing societal ills such as corruption
Upton Sinclair’s, The JungleWatergateAbu Ghraib
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Media as a Watchdog Media are often controlled by the
government
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News Agency of the Republic of Iran (IRNA)
The national Police chief has verified confiscation of a number of squirrels, equipped with eavesdropping devices, on the Iraqi border. Reportedly, when asked about the confiscation of 14 spy squirrels, he stated, “I have heard about it, but I do not have precise information”. IRNA adds, “These squirrels were equipped by foreign intelligence services, but were captured two weeks ago by the Police”.
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Media as a Watchdog Media are often controlled by the
government What about the U.S.?
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The Media in campaignsDetermining “front-running candidates”Charging for advertising Televising debatesPortraying charismatic politicians as more
“electable”
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Mass Media “For it seems more
certain now than ever that the bloody experience of Vietnam is to end in a stalemate”-Walter Cronkite, February 1968
“That’s it. If I’ve lost Cronkite, I’ve lost middle America” -President Johnson
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Brief history of print media First newspaper:
Boston News-Letter, April 1704
Revolutionary War
Federalist Papers
1833, advent of the penny press
1837 – Telegraph invented
1848, creation of the Associated Press
Yellow journalism
Centralization of ownership of newspapers in early 20th century has continued
Print newspapers are QUICKLY dying out
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History of the Mass Media: Radio
Radio Act of 1927Established the airwaves
as a public good, subject to governmental oversight
The Federal Communications Commission (1934)Fairness Doctrine
(1940s)
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History of the Mass Media: Television
Unlike newspapers and radio stations, high costs dictated that almost from the beginning, TV stations were affiliated with networks, thus centralizing ownership
Ratings /profit driven, particularly cable
24-hours news explodes during the 1990s
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The InternetA revolution for politicsBroadcasting is essentially freeNot a large audience, but a gigantic
potential audienceDirect channel between parties/candidates
and citizens
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Media BiasThe Media IS UNDENIABLY biased
They do not randomly select what they cover
They choose when/where/how long to cover it
What about liberal v. conservative?Often unclear, even with specific news
outletsInvestigators carry own biases
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Media BiasGeneral Trends
Ethno-centric foreign affairs coverageDependent on official sourcesIncumbents not challenged as often
Negativity and Scandal given much greater attention
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A Closing NoteStewart on Crossfire
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Chapters covered on the ExamFederalismPublic Opinion/InterestElectionsPartiesInterest GroupsMedia