15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION.
The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order...
-
Upload
bonnie-moody -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order...
The Long 19The Long 19thth Century Century
1750-19141750-1914
Revolutions of the 18Revolutions of the 18thth Century Century
Inflexibility of the old order (ancien Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism in Europe give rise to mercantilism in Europe give rise to rebellionrebellion
Excessive taxation in the Americas to Excessive taxation in the Americas to pay for the French & Indian War pay for the French & Indian War provoked colonistsprovoked colonists
American (1775-1781)American (1775-1781) French (1789-1795)French (1789-1795) Haitian (1791-1804)Haitian (1791-1804)
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Britain first- 1750s, Europe 1800sBritain first- 1750s, Europe 1800s Enclosure movement in Britain freed Enclosure movement in Britain freed
up labor for factoriesup labor for factories Linked to successes in colonizationLinked to successes in colonization Division of labor/mechanizationDivision of labor/mechanization CapitalismCapitalism Transportation (RR-1830s) Transportation (RR-1830s)
Effects of Industrial RevolutionEffects of Industrial Revolution
Effects on society include decreased Effects on society include decreased use of slave labor, change in use of slave labor, change in women’s/children’s roleswomen’s/children’s roles
Huge population increaseHuge population increase Governments become more involved Governments become more involved
in regulationin regulation Mass migrationMass migration Reform movementsReform movements
Revolutions in the AmericasRevolutions in the Americas Unrest and desire for self-government Unrest and desire for self-government
caused by:caused by: Spread of Enlightenment ideas to S. Spread of Enlightenment ideas to S.
AmericaAmerica Napoleon’s overthrow of Spain Napoleon’s overthrow of Spain
illegitimating continental ruleillegitimating continental rule Tremendous class/wealth differences Tremendous class/wealth differences The success of N. America as a model The success of N. America as a model
for government for government Mexico (1810, 1821, 1857), Brazil Mexico (1810, 1821, 1857), Brazil
(1822), Gran Colombia (1810-1830)(1822), Gran Colombia (1810-1830) Canada becomes independent in 1867Canada becomes independent in 1867
Why was it so hard to steadily govern Why was it so hard to steadily govern the new South American countries?the new South American countries?
Little experience with democracy, Little experience with democracy, constitutionsconstitutions
Powerful elite were reluctant to give Powerful elite were reluctant to give up power, economic capital (slaves)up power, economic capital (slaves)
Political participation was so limited Political participation was so limited that there was no way to rebel, except that there was no way to rebel, except violentlyviolently
Elites also held many different beliefs; Elites also held many different beliefs; liberal or conservative, Catholic or liberal or conservative, Catholic or secular, federalist or centralistsecular, federalist or centralist
RegionalismRegionalism
Early Imperialism in AfricaEarly Imperialism in Africa
Zulu Empire- 1818 to 1870sZulu Empire- 1818 to 1870s Sokoto CaliphateSokoto Caliphate Slave trade decreasesSlave trade decreases ““Legitimate Trade” increasesLegitimate Trade” increases South Africa- Dutch v. BritishSouth Africa- Dutch v. British Egypt- Attempted modernization Egypt- Attempted modernization
under Muhammad Ali, ended up under Muhammad Ali, ended up becoming British colonybecoming British colony
India- British Raj India- British Raj
British army paid betterBritish army paid better Abuses of EIC led to greater direct Abuses of EIC led to greater direct
involvement of the British governmentinvolvement of the British government Pretense of keeping Indian culture and Pretense of keeping Indian culture and
traditionstraditions Sepoy Rebellion 1857Sepoy Rebellion 1857 Rammouhan Roy Rammouhan Roy Indian National Congress formed in Indian National Congress formed in
18851885
Decline & Reform in Major Land Decline & Reform in Major Land Empires- Ottoman and QingEmpires- Ottoman and Qing
Ottoman- Ottoman- • Decline: Corrupt government, failure to Decline: Corrupt government, failure to
keep up with new military technology, keep up with new military technology, failure to modernize/colonize, big failure to modernize/colonize, big population increasepopulation increase
• Reform: Tanzimat, Janissaries become Reform: Tanzimat, Janissaries become less powerfulless powerful
Qing-Qing-• Decline: Europeans had been summarily Decline: Europeans had been summarily
rebuked- Macartney mission, Canton rebuked- Macartney mission, Canton Sytem + obsolete military tactics = Sytem + obsolete military tactics = OPIUM WAR 1839-1842 OPIUM WAR 1839-1842
• Reform: Taiping Rebellion- 1853-1863, Reform: Taiping Rebellion- 1853-1863, Self-Strengthening Movement, One Self-Strengthening Movement, One Hundred Days ReformHundred Days Reform
• Fall of Qing 1911Fall of Qing 1911
JapanJapan
1853- Commodore Perry forces Japan 1853- Commodore Perry forces Japan to open itself to the Westto open itself to the West
Brief civil war, resulting in the Brief civil war, resulting in the overthrow of the Shogunate (supplied overthrow of the Shogunate (supplied with weapons from US Civil War!) with weapons from US Civil War!)
Meiji Restoration, 1868Meiji Restoration, 1868 Westernized economy, production, Westernized economy, production,
and educationand education
How Were They Similar?How Were They Similar? AllAll unexpectedly discovered their military unexpectedly discovered their military
inferiority to Western nations, which inferiority to Western nations, which prompted reform prompted reform
Extraterritorial communities allowed for Extraterritorial communities allowed for foreign merchants to further expand their foreign merchants to further expand their hold on tradehold on trade
Internal weaknesses, including corruption Internal weaknesses, including corruption in the government, famine, population in the government, famine, population growth, agricultural decline, and falling growth, agricultural decline, and falling revenue all contributed to the decline of revenue all contributed to the decline of these governments in the 19these governments in the 19thth century century
Changes in Europe & RussiaChanges in Europe & Russia
NationalismNationalism Otto Von Bismarck & realpolitickOtto Von Bismarck & realpolitick The “New” Imperialism (1885 Berlin The “New” Imperialism (1885 Berlin
West Africa Conference)West Africa Conference) CommunismCommunism Crimean War demonstrates the need Crimean War demonstrates the need
for Russia to catch up militarilyfor Russia to catch up militarily Emancipation of the serfs, 1861Emancipation of the serfs, 1861
The New ImperialismThe New Imperialism Based in economics- labor, raw materialsBased in economics- labor, raw materials
America annexes/exerts control over America annexes/exerts control over Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Philippines, CubaHawaii, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba
Economic domination of Latin America Economic domination of Latin America as well- US companies control the as well- US companies control the development of industrial infrastructuredevelopment of industrial infrastructure