The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order...

13
The Long 19 The Long 19 th th Century Century 1750-1914 1750-1914

Transcript of The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order...

Page 1: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

The Long 19The Long 19thth Century Century

1750-19141750-1914

Page 2: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

Revolutions of the 18Revolutions of the 18thth Century Century

Inflexibility of the old order (ancien Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism in Europe give rise to mercantilism in Europe give rise to rebellionrebellion

Excessive taxation in the Americas to Excessive taxation in the Americas to pay for the French & Indian War pay for the French & Indian War provoked colonistsprovoked colonists

American (1775-1781)American (1775-1781) French (1789-1795)French (1789-1795) Haitian (1791-1804)Haitian (1791-1804)

Page 3: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Britain first- 1750s, Europe 1800sBritain first- 1750s, Europe 1800s Enclosure movement in Britain freed Enclosure movement in Britain freed

up labor for factoriesup labor for factories Linked to successes in colonizationLinked to successes in colonization Division of labor/mechanizationDivision of labor/mechanization CapitalismCapitalism Transportation (RR-1830s) Transportation (RR-1830s)

Page 4: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

Effects of Industrial RevolutionEffects of Industrial Revolution

Effects on society include decreased Effects on society include decreased use of slave labor, change in use of slave labor, change in women’s/children’s roleswomen’s/children’s roles

Huge population increaseHuge population increase Governments become more involved Governments become more involved

in regulationin regulation Mass migrationMass migration Reform movementsReform movements

Page 5: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

Revolutions in the AmericasRevolutions in the Americas Unrest and desire for self-government Unrest and desire for self-government

caused by:caused by: Spread of Enlightenment ideas to S. Spread of Enlightenment ideas to S.

AmericaAmerica Napoleon’s overthrow of Spain Napoleon’s overthrow of Spain

illegitimating continental ruleillegitimating continental rule Tremendous class/wealth differences Tremendous class/wealth differences The success of N. America as a model The success of N. America as a model

for government for government Mexico (1810, 1821, 1857), Brazil Mexico (1810, 1821, 1857), Brazil

(1822), Gran Colombia (1810-1830)(1822), Gran Colombia (1810-1830) Canada becomes independent in 1867Canada becomes independent in 1867

Page 6: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

Why was it so hard to steadily govern Why was it so hard to steadily govern the new South American countries?the new South American countries?

Little experience with democracy, Little experience with democracy, constitutionsconstitutions

Powerful elite were reluctant to give Powerful elite were reluctant to give up power, economic capital (slaves)up power, economic capital (slaves)

Political participation was so limited Political participation was so limited that there was no way to rebel, except that there was no way to rebel, except violentlyviolently

Elites also held many different beliefs; Elites also held many different beliefs; liberal or conservative, Catholic or liberal or conservative, Catholic or secular, federalist or centralistsecular, federalist or centralist

RegionalismRegionalism

Page 7: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

Early Imperialism in AfricaEarly Imperialism in Africa

Zulu Empire- 1818 to 1870sZulu Empire- 1818 to 1870s Sokoto CaliphateSokoto Caliphate Slave trade decreasesSlave trade decreases ““Legitimate Trade” increasesLegitimate Trade” increases South Africa- Dutch v. BritishSouth Africa- Dutch v. British Egypt- Attempted modernization Egypt- Attempted modernization

under Muhammad Ali, ended up under Muhammad Ali, ended up becoming British colonybecoming British colony

Page 8: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

India- British Raj India- British Raj

British army paid betterBritish army paid better Abuses of EIC led to greater direct Abuses of EIC led to greater direct

involvement of the British governmentinvolvement of the British government Pretense of keeping Indian culture and Pretense of keeping Indian culture and

traditionstraditions Sepoy Rebellion 1857Sepoy Rebellion 1857 Rammouhan Roy Rammouhan Roy Indian National Congress formed in Indian National Congress formed in

18851885

Page 9: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

Decline & Reform in Major Land Decline & Reform in Major Land Empires- Ottoman and QingEmpires- Ottoman and Qing

Ottoman- Ottoman- • Decline: Corrupt government, failure to Decline: Corrupt government, failure to

keep up with new military technology, keep up with new military technology, failure to modernize/colonize, big failure to modernize/colonize, big population increasepopulation increase

• Reform: Tanzimat, Janissaries become Reform: Tanzimat, Janissaries become less powerfulless powerful

Qing-Qing-• Decline: Europeans had been summarily Decline: Europeans had been summarily

rebuked- Macartney mission, Canton rebuked- Macartney mission, Canton Sytem + obsolete military tactics = Sytem + obsolete military tactics = OPIUM WAR 1839-1842 OPIUM WAR 1839-1842

• Reform: Taiping Rebellion- 1853-1863, Reform: Taiping Rebellion- 1853-1863, Self-Strengthening Movement, One Self-Strengthening Movement, One Hundred Days ReformHundred Days Reform

• Fall of Qing 1911Fall of Qing 1911

Page 10: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

JapanJapan

1853- Commodore Perry forces Japan 1853- Commodore Perry forces Japan to open itself to the Westto open itself to the West

Brief civil war, resulting in the Brief civil war, resulting in the overthrow of the Shogunate (supplied overthrow of the Shogunate (supplied with weapons from US Civil War!) with weapons from US Civil War!)

Meiji Restoration, 1868Meiji Restoration, 1868 Westernized economy, production, Westernized economy, production,

and educationand education

Page 11: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

How Were They Similar?How Were They Similar? AllAll unexpectedly discovered their military unexpectedly discovered their military

inferiority to Western nations, which inferiority to Western nations, which prompted reform prompted reform

Extraterritorial communities allowed for Extraterritorial communities allowed for foreign merchants to further expand their foreign merchants to further expand their hold on tradehold on trade

Internal weaknesses, including corruption Internal weaknesses, including corruption in the government, famine, population in the government, famine, population growth, agricultural decline, and falling growth, agricultural decline, and falling revenue all contributed to the decline of revenue all contributed to the decline of these governments in the 19these governments in the 19thth century century

Page 12: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

Changes in Europe & RussiaChanges in Europe & Russia

NationalismNationalism Otto Von Bismarck & realpolitickOtto Von Bismarck & realpolitick The “New” Imperialism (1885 Berlin The “New” Imperialism (1885 Berlin

West Africa Conference)West Africa Conference) CommunismCommunism Crimean War demonstrates the need Crimean War demonstrates the need

for Russia to catch up militarilyfor Russia to catch up militarily Emancipation of the serfs, 1861Emancipation of the serfs, 1861

Page 13: The Long 19 th Century 1750-1914. Revolutions of the 18 th Century Inflexibility of the old order (ancien regime), enlightenment thought and mercantilism.

The New ImperialismThe New Imperialism Based in economics- labor, raw materialsBased in economics- labor, raw materials

America annexes/exerts control over America annexes/exerts control over Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Philippines, CubaHawaii, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba

Economic domination of Latin America Economic domination of Latin America as well- US companies control the as well- US companies control the development of industrial infrastructuredevelopment of industrial infrastructure


18 th -19 th Century Russia

18 th -19 th Century Russia

15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION.

15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION.

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The Age of Exploration: 15 th Century- 17 th Century.

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The Age of Exploration: 15 th Century- 17 th Century.

19 th and 20 th Century

19 th and 20 th Century

EUROPE OF THE 18 TH CENTURY. SOCIETY OF THE 18 TH CENTURY.

EUROPE OF THE 18 TH CENTURY. SOCIETY OF THE 18 TH CENTURY.

Cost Inflexibility and Capital Structure - CKGSBcn.ckgsb.com/Userfiles/doc/Cost Inflexibility and Capital Structure... · We construct the cost inflexibility variable (InFlex hereafter)

Cost Inflexibility and Capital Structure - CKGSBcn.ckgsb.com/Userfiles/doc/Cost Inflexibility and Capital Structure... · We construct the cost inflexibility variable (InFlex hereafter)

Furniture Design Influences: 18 th Century Europe Early 19 th Century Europe Early 19 th Century North America Mid 19 th Century Anglo-American Late 19.

Furniture Design Influences: 18 th Century Europe Early 19 th Century Europe Early 19 th Century North America Mid 19 th Century Anglo-American Late 19.

The belgian congo THE BELGIAN CONGO The Late 19 th Century The Early 20 th Century The Late 19 th Century The Early 20 th Century.

The belgian congo THE BELGIAN CONGO The Late 19 th Century The Early 20 th Century The Late 19 th Century The Early 20 th Century.

The Enlightenment Late 17 th century- most of 18 th century (1600s-1700s)

The Enlightenment Late 17 th century- most of 18 th century (1600s-1700s)

20 th Century

20 th Century

18 th Century

18 th Century

Land uses in Australia, late 18 th century – mid 19 th century

Land uses in Australia, late 18 th century – mid 19 th century

A Classroom in the 19 th Century A Classroom in the 20 th Century.

A Classroom in the 19 th Century A Classroom in the 20 th Century.

Smart Contracts and the Cost of Inflexibility

Smart Contracts and the Cost of Inflexibility

18 th & 19 th Century Artistic Innovations

18 th & 19 th Century Artistic Innovations

Mies Van Der Rohe Modernism Late 19 th Century/Early 20 th Century.

Mies Van Der Rohe Modernism Late 19 th Century/Early 20 th Century.

van Leeuwenhoek (17 th century) de Graaf (17 th century) Early 19 th century – blending theory

van Leeuwenhoek (17 th century) de Graaf (17 th century) Early 19 th century – blending theory

Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment c. Late 16 th century – 18 th century.

Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment c. Late 16 th century – 18 th century.

Polynesia 19 th Century and 21 st Century

Polynesia 19 th Century and 21 st Century

The Age of Discovery Early 15 th Century to 17 th Century.

The Age of Discovery Early 15 th Century to 17 th Century.