van Leeuwenhoek (17 th century) de Graaf (17 th century) Early 19 th century – blending theory

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea [Mendelian genetics: The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation] van Leeuwenhoek (17 th century) de Graaf (17 th century) Early 19 th century – blending theory

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea [ Mendelian genetics: The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation]. van Leeuwenhoek (17 th century) de Graaf (17 th century) Early 19 th century – blending theory. ?. X. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: van Leeuwenhoek (17 th century) de Graaf (17 th century) Early 19 th century – blending theory

Chapter 14Mendel and the Gene Idea

[Mendelian genetics: The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation]

van Leeuwenhoek (17th century)de Graaf (17th century)Early 19th century – blending theory

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14.2Crossing pea plants (“genetic crosses”) – Gregor Mendel(19th century)

Discrete heritable factors

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14.3Mendel tracked heritable characters for three generations

Both purple and white=flowered plants appear in the F2 generation in a ratio of approximately 3:1

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Sweet pea flowers

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14.4 Alleles, alternative versions of a gene

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Table 14.1 Results of Mendel’s F1 Crosses for Seven Characters in Pea Plants

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14.5 Mendel’s law of segregation (Layer 1)

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14.5 Mendel’s law of segregation (Layer 2)

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14.6 Genotype versus phenotype

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Round and wrinkled peas

SS or Ss

ss

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14.7A testcross

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14.8Testing two hypotheses for segregation in a dihybrid cross.

Do alleles sort independently?

Recombinant phenotypes

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14.9 Segregation of alleles and fertilization as chance events

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1) Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) is dominant to long tails (t). What proportion of the progeny of the cross BbTt multiply BBtt will have black fur and long tails?

A) 6/16B) 8/16C) 9/16D) 3/16E) 1/16

2) Tallness (T) is dominant to dwarfness (t), while red (R) flower color is dominant to white (r). The heterozygous condition results in pink (Rr) flower color. A dwarf red snapdragon is crossed with a plant homozygous for tallness and white flowers. What are the genotype and phenotype of the F1 individuals?

A) TtRr - tall and pinkB) ttRr - dwarf and pinkC) TtRr - tall and redD) TTRR - tall and redE) ttrr - dwarf and white

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14.10 Incomplete dominance in snapdragon color

Carnation

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Pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allele in a homozygoteSingle gene multiple effects

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14.14 The effect of environment of phenotype

Norm of reaction for a genotype:The range of phenotypic possibilities due to environmental influence

AcidAlkaline

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14.13.A simplified model for polygenic inheritance of skin color.(Mating between individuals who are heterozygous for all three genes)

Three separately-inherited genes affect the darkness of skin

Multiple genes single effect

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14.11.Multiple alleles for the ABO blood groups.

Blood types are the result from various combinations of three different alleles (IA, IB and i)

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14.15 Pedigree analysis

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14.15 Pedigree analysis

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Large families provide excellent case studies of human genetics

AlbinismCystic fibrosisHuntington’s disease

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14.19Testing a fetus for genetic disorders

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See Chapter 14 Review (p. 282-283)

• Concept 14.1. Two laws of inheritance (Mendel)

• Concept 14.2. Applying the law of probability to Mendelian genetics.

• Concept 14.3. Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by Mendelian genetics.

• Concept 14.4. Many human traits follow Mendelian patterns

• Also look at tips for solving genetic problems (p. 283).


18 th -19 th Century Russia

18 th -19 th Century Russia

Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van

Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van

Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea [ Mendelian genetics: The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation] van Leeuwenhoek (17 th century) de.

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Rise of Industrialism End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S. became industrialized End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S.

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19 th and 20 th Century

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Problems Teenagers Face: Modesty. Modest Clothing Styles Change 19 th Century 20 th Century.

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Renaissance Art in Rome Renaissance 1420-16 th century Baroque 17 th century Neoclassicism 18 th century Early Renaissance 1420-1500c High Renaissance.

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Baroque Late 16 th Century to Early 18 th Century.

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THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The Age of Exploration: 15 th Century- 17 th Century.

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Nomadic heritage (before the 10-th century) Renaissance upheaval (15-th century) Turkish period (16-17-th centuries)

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18 th & 19 th Century Artistic Innovations

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Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment c. Late 16 th century – 18 th century.

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Art of the Late 19 th Century and early 20 th Century

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The Age of Discovery Early 15 th Century to 17 th Century.

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