Rise of Industrialism End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S. became industrialized...

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Transcript of Rise of Industrialism End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S. became industrialized...

Page 1: Rise of Industrialism End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S. became industrialized End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S.
Page 2: Rise of Industrialism End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S. became industrialized End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S.

Rise of IndustrialismRise of Industrialism

End of 19End of 19thth century, beginning of 20 century, beginning of 20thth century U.S. became industrializedcentury U.S. became industrialized Change in production from hand made to Change in production from hand made to

machine mademachine made Industrialization fueled by several key Industrialization fueled by several key

factorsfactors Abundant natural resources (coal, oil, iron ore)Abundant natural resources (coal, oil, iron ore) Improved transportationImproved transportation Population shift from rural to urban centersPopulation shift from rural to urban centers

Government supportGovernment support Gave loans to industriesGave loans to industries Laissez-faire: “hands off” approach/few Laissez-faire: “hands off” approach/few

regulationsregulations No income tax & high tariffs on importsNo income tax & high tariffs on imports

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Invention and InnovationInvention and Innovation Spirit of InnovationSpirit of Innovation

1860-1900 over 676,000 patents to inventions of machines, 1860-1900 over 676,000 patents to inventions of machines, techniques, and toolstechniques, and tools

Steel is KingSteel is King Bessemer process made making steel easier and cheaperBessemer process made making steel easier and cheaper Used in railroad track, skyscraper, bridgesUsed in railroad track, skyscraper, bridges

Electricity becomes widespreadElectricity becomes widespread Telegraph & telephoneTelegraph & telephone Escalators & elevatorsEscalators & elevators Lamps & generatorsLamps & generators

Machines Increase ProductionMachines Increase Production Sewing machineSewing machine Assembly lineAssembly line

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Industrial LeadersIndustrial Leaders

Industrialism led to enormous business Industrialism led to enormous business enterprisesenterprises

Companies consolidated into massive Companies consolidated into massive companiescompanies

Companies became wealthy and Companies became wealthy and powerful, so did ownerspowerful, so did owners John Rockefeller: Standard OilJohn Rockefeller: Standard Oil Andrew Carnegie: SteelAndrew Carnegie: Steel Cornelius Vanderbilt: RailroadCornelius Vanderbilt: Railroad McCormicks: International Harvest CompanyMcCormicks: International Harvest Company J. Piermont Morgan: BankingJ. Piermont Morgan: Banking

Known as “The Gilded Age”Known as “The Gilded Age”

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Trusts & CorruptionTrusts & Corruption

Businesses combined competing Businesses combined competing companies into large firms called companies into large firms called truststrusts

Owners of trusts manipulated gov’t Owners of trusts manipulated gov’t officials at all levelsofficials at all levels Bribed legislatorsBribed legislators

Little regulationLittle regulation High tariffsHigh tariffs

Municipal governments run by Municipal governments run by political “machines” & “bosses” that political “machines” & “bosses” that catered to industrial interestscatered to industrial interests

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Criticism & Defense of Big Criticism & Defense of Big BusinessBusiness Many were unhappy with huge gap Many were unhappy with huge gap

between wealthy and average between wealthy and average americanamerican Material worth of 1% of population Material worth of 1% of population

greater than the other 99% combinedgreater than the other 99% combined Business giants argued they had Business giants argued they had

earned their wealth by taking risks in earned their wealth by taking risks in investing their resourcesinvesting their resources

Some wealthy believed in donating Some wealthy believed in donating large amounts of moneylarge amounts of money

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Impact of IndustrialismImpact of Industrialism

National wealth and income grew National wealth and income grew significantlysignificantly

New inventions made life easierNew inventions made life easier Telephone, automobile, fresh produce, already Telephone, automobile, fresh produce, already

made clothing, buy property, send kids to made clothing, buy property, send kids to collegecollege

Most still lived a hard lifeMost still lived a hard life No plumbing or electricity, crowded tenements, No plumbing or electricity, crowded tenements,

little to no educationlittle to no education Terrible work conditionsTerrible work conditions

10-12 hour days 6 days a week10-12 hour days 6 days a week Hot, cramped work areasHot, cramped work areas Dangerous work conditions & no workers compDangerous work conditions & no workers comp Easy to be replacedEasy to be replaced Low payLow pay

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Change and Discrimination at Change and Discrimination at workwork

Women, children, minorities, & Women, children, minorities, & immigrants were recruited to immigrants were recruited to workwork

Paid less than white malesPaid less than white males Children worked 15 hour days in Children worked 15 hour days in

coal mines, canning factories, coal mines, canning factories, tobacco plants, garment tobacco plants, garment factoriesfactories

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Organized LaborOrganized Labor As working conditions worsened & income As working conditions worsened & income

disparity increased workers began forming unionsdisparity increased workers began forming unions Wanted better payWanted better pay Better hoursBetter hours Child labor lawsChild labor laws

Businesses mounted fierce resistance to UnionsBusinesses mounted fierce resistance to Unions Unions went on Strike to get what they wantedUnions went on Strike to get what they wanted

Often resulted in violenceOften resulted in violence Over time industries met many union demandsOver time industries met many union demands

Maximum work hours, Better pay, Workers comp, Child labor Maximum work hours, Better pay, Workers comp, Child labor lawslaws

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ProgressivismProgressivism

Consumer FraudConsumer Fraud Industrial Growth brought unfair & unethical Industrial Growth brought unfair & unethical

business practicesbusiness practices Fooling people into buying things, or misleading Fooling people into buying things, or misleading

consumersconsumers MeatpackingMeatpacking

Extremely unsanitary practices to keep up Extremely unsanitary practices to keep up productionproduction

MuckrakersMuckrakers Group of people who concentrated on Group of people who concentrated on

exposing ills of societyexposing ills of society Wrote articles about political corruption, suppression Wrote articles about political corruption, suppression

of minorities, slum conditions, & dishonest business of minorities, slum conditions, & dishonest business practicespractices

Informed people about what was going onInformed people about what was going on

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Toll on the EnvironmentToll on the Environment

Increase in use of nonrenewable, or polluting fuelsIncrease in use of nonrenewable, or polluting fuels oiloil CoalCoal Natural gasNatural gas

Mining & DeforestationMining & Deforestation Mining was devastating to the environmentMining was devastating to the environment Entire forest were cleared for logging Entire forest were cleared for logging

PollutionPollution Quality of air & water sufferedQuality of air & water suffered

Environmental ReformersEnvironmental Reformers Wanted to protect the environmentWanted to protect the environment Started Conservation movementStarted Conservation movement Many National Parks were createdMany National Parks were created


18 th -19 th Century Russia

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