The Key to Success in KBC - Part 20 - British Rule, Revolutionary Leaders and Newspapers in India

7/28/2019 The Key to Success in KBC - Part 20 - British Rule, Revolutionary Leaders and Newspapers in India

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................................... 3Preface......................................................................................................................................................... 4

Great Revolutionary Leaders ........................................................................................................................ 5

Countries ruled by British Empire ............................................................................................................... 13

Rule over India ........................................................................................................................................ 13

Specific Disasters ......................................................................................................................................... 14

Newspapers and Magazines in India .......................................................................................................... 14

Newspapers ............................................................................................................................................ 14

Magazines and Children Books ............................................................................................................... 18

Television in India ....................................................................................................................................... 21

Questions related to this Chapter ............................................................................................................... 22

Scoring System......................................................................................................................................... 24

Bibliography: ........................................................................................................................................... 25

Thank You!.............................................................................................................................................. 25
http://d/The%20Key%20to%20Success%20in%20KBC%20-%20Part%2020%20-%20British%20Empire,%20Revolutionary%20Leaders%20and%20Newspapers%20in%20India.docx%23_Toc362010349http://d/The%20Key%20to%20Success%20in%20KBC%20-%20Part%2020%20-%20British%20Empire,%20Revolutionary%20Leaders%20and%20Newspapers%20in%20India.docx%23_Toc362010349http://d/The%20Key%20to%20Success%20in%20KBC%20-%20Part%2020%20-%20British%20Empire,%20Revolutionary%20Leaders%20and%20Newspapers%20in%20India.docx%23_Toc362010349


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Acknowledgement

When a book like this comes into existence, it is very hard to name

and thank all the people that helped me shape this book. It took me

over 7 years to consolidate and format all the content in a manner

that may benefit the readers. However, I would like to start by

thanking my wife Suman Bansal for her patience and the time I

stole from her. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my

father Shri B. D. Bansal for his encouragement, invaluable

experience and support.

I would like to thank my elder son Anurag Bansal who helped me

design it and offer it on various online portals. My younger son

Gaurav Bansal helped me put together all the questions related to

the content.


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Preface

As I mentioned in the previous parts that the idea of this book came to

my mind after reviewing so many competitive examinations in

examination halls or through Media and many people drop out

without any success. I think most of the time the reason was either not

enough preparation or lack of resources to enhance the knowledge

required to compete with others.

Thats why I started writing this book on various subjects so that it can

offer the basic guidance to the people preparing for the competition.

Nonetheless everyone can get benefitted with this set of books because

Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge is the wing wherewith we fly

to heaven.

The Key to Success has been written for the people trying to prepare

for any competition. Therefore the scope of this book is not to deep diveon any subject rather to swim across various layers but what one need

to qualify. However, this book cannot be used to gain exhaustive

knowledge on any given subject but it provides enough information

that you can easily remember and be better prepared for anything.

As usual, at the end of the book, a multi-choice Questionnaire is given

that has only one correct answer. Try to attempt those questions on

your own and then check the correct answers from the Answer Sheet.

Good Luck !!!


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Great Revolutionary Leaders

abindranath Thakur was born in

Calcutta on 7th

May 1861 toDevendra Nath Tagore and ShardaDevi.

The original name of the Tagorefamily was Banerjee. BeingBrahmins, their ancestors werereferred to as 'Thakur'. The familyname got anglicised to Tagore.

He was married in 1883 toMrinalini Devi. In 1901 Tagoremoved to Shanti Niketan to foundan ashram.

The Jana Gana Mana wascomposed in Bengali Sanskrit byTagore which was translated intoHindi by Abid Ali.

He was author of Gitanjali whichwas written by him in 1910. He

became the first non-European to

win the Nobel Prize in Literature in1913. He also published Naivedyaand Kheya before Gitanjali.

Tagore was a prolific composerwith 2,230 songs to his credit. Hissongs are known as RavindraSangeet. He also wrote eight novelsincluding Chaturanga, CharAdhyay and Noukadubi.

Between 1878 and 1932, Tagoretravelled almost all Continents inmore than thirty countries viz.

England, Germany, United States,United Kingdom, Iraq, Sri Lanka,Japan, Kuala Lumpur, Thailand,Singapore etc.

He died on 7th August, 1941.

ubhash Chandra Bose born 23rdJanuary 1897 was one of the mostprominent Indian nationalist

leaders who attempted to liberate Indiafrom British rule.

He left India in 1919 for GreatBritain to appear in the IndianCivil Services Examination. Hewent to study in Cambridge. Hewas selected in Civil Services jobbut he resigned and returned toIndia.

He was elected the President of AllIndia Youth Congress.

He married to a German girlnamed Emilie Schenkl in 1937.

On 6th July, 1944 he addressedMahatma Gandhi as the Father ofthe Nation in a speech broadcastfrom Singapore.

His famous slogans were Give meblood and I will give you freedom,Dilli Chalo, Jai Hind.

On 18th August, 1945 while enroute to Tokyo, his plane wascrashed and was badly burneddying in a local hospital.

ardar Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patelborn on 31st October, 1875 was anIndian barrister and one of the

leaders of the Indian National Congress.

He is also regarded as "Iron Man ofIndia". He was the first Home Ministerand Deputy Prime Minister of India in1947. Died on 15th December, 1950.

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wami Vivekananda, real nameNarendra Nath Dutt was born on12th January, 1863. He introduced

Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yogato the western world.

He travelled to the United Statesand represented India as adelegate in the 1893 Parliament ofWorld Religions. He is regarded asa patriotic saint of modern Indiaand his birthday is celebrated asNational Youth Day.

In 1888, Vivekananda startedvisiting Indian places formeditation and study of scripturesetc. He travelled to Kanyakumarion foot in 1892 and meditated onthe last bit of Indian rock,famously known as VivekanandaRock Memorial.

From there he visited Madras andmet some most devoted disciples,who collected funds for his voyageto America and later inestablishing the RamakrishnaMission there.

Vivekananda left for Chicago on31st May 1893. On his way to

Chicago, Vivekananda visitedJapan in 1893.

He visited Osaka, Kyoto and Tokyoand called the Japanese "one of thecleanest people on earth".

During his first visit to England in1895, he met Margaret ElizabethNoble, an Irish lady, who wouldlater become Sister Nivedita.Marie Louise, a French woman,became Swami Abhayananda andMr. Leon Landsberg becameSwami Kripananda.

Sister Nivedita devoted the rest ofher life to the education of Indianwomen and the cause of India'sindependence.

He founded Vedanta societies atSan Francisco and New York andalso founded Shanti Ashram (PeaceRetreat) at California.

Due to declining health andailments such as asthma anddiabetes, Vivekananda died on 4July 1902.

The books written by him wereKarma Yoga, Raja Yoga (1896),Inspired Talks (1909), Bhakti Yogaand The East and the West.

al Gangadhar Tilak born asKeshav Gangadhar Tilak on 23July 1856 was an Indian activist.

He was also called "Lokmanya". Before joining Politics, he began

teaching mathematics in Pune andalso became a journalist.

He joined Indian National Congressin 1890.

In 1895, Tilak founded Shri ShivajiFund Committee for celebration ofDeath anniversary of ShivajiMaharaj.

He also started Marathi weeklyKesari in 1880s. He died on 1stAugust, 1920.

ala Lajpat Rai born 28 January1865 was an Indian freedom fighter.He was popularly known as Punjab

Kesari. In 1928, the British government

set up a Commission, headed bySir John Simon, to report on

political situation in India. Indianpolitical parties boycotted theCommission because it did notinclude a single Indian.

When the Commission visitedLahore on 30th October, 1928,Lajpat Rai led a nonviolent protest

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against them in a silent march.The police responded with violenceand the Superintendent of Police,James A. Scott ordered to lathi-charge the protesters andpersonally assaulted Lajpat Rai.

He sustained serious injuries anddied on 17th November, 1928. Hisdeath anniversary is celebrated asMartyrs' Day in India.

adabhai Naoroji born 4thSeptember 1825 was a ParsiCotton trader and an Indian

political leader. He was a Member of Parliament in

the United Kingdom House ofCommons between 1892 and 1895and the first Asian to be a BritishMP.

He was a professor of Mathematicsand Natural philosophy inMumbai. He travelled to London in1855 and became a partner inCama & Co.

He established his own cottontrading company, Naoroji & Co. in1859. He died on 30th June, 1917.

hakravarti Rajagopalachari born10th December 1878 was a lawyer,politician, independence activist,

writer and statesman. He was the last Governor-General

of India. He also served as leaderof the Indian National Congress,Premier of the Madras Presidency,Governor of West Bengal, Minister

for Home Affairs of the IndianUnion and Chief Minister ofMadras state.

He was one of the first recipientsof Bharat Ratna. He was alsocalled 'Mango of Salem'.

Rajagopalachari and MahatmaGandhi were related by marryingtheir children.

At J.L. Nehru's invitation in 1950,Rajagopalachari joined the UnionCabinet as Minister without any

porfolio. Later he was madeMinister of Home Affairs for nearly10 months. He died on 25th Dec.,1972.

ahatma Gandhi was born on 2ndOctober, 1869 in Porbandar inhis Ancestral home Kirti Mandir.

In 1876 Gandhi moved with hisfamily to Rajkot. His father wasKaramchand Gandhi and motherPutlibai, who was Karamchand'sfourth wife.

At the age of 14, in 1883 Gandhigot married to Kasturba Makanji.In 1888, Gandhi travelled toLondon to become barrister. In1893, he worked in South Africa.

Gandhi was 24 when he arrived inSouth Africa to work as a legalrepresentative for the MuslimIndian Traders. He spent 21 yearsin South Africa, where he

developed his political views andleadership skills.

His first major achievements wereChamparan (Bihar) and Kheda(Gujarat) agitations in 1918. TheChamparan agitation was relatedto forcefully grow Indigo and to selltheir crops to the planters at afixed price. While Kheda was hit by

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floods and famine and thepeasantry was demanding relieffrom taxes. Gandhi wasimprisoned for six years in 1922.

Again in 1930 he had to go to jailfor breaking India's Salt Laws. In

1942 Gandhi began Quit Indiamovement which lasted in 1947after getting independence.

On 30th January, 1948 Gandhi wasassassinated at a prayer meetingin Delhi.

Gandhi did not receive the NobelPeace Prize although he wasnominated five times between 1937and 1948 and was shortlisted onlyin 1937 and 1947.

Gandhi was nominated in 1948but was assassinated beforenominations closed. That year, thecommittee chose not to award thepeace prize.

awaharlal Nehru born 14thNovember 1889 was first PrimeMinister of India. His mother

Swarup Rani, a Kashmiri Brahmin familysettled in Lahore, was Motilal's secondwife.

Jawaharlal was the eldest of threechildren, two of whom were girls.After returning to India in August1912, Nehru practiced as anadvocate of Allahabad High Court.

In 1955 Nehru was awardedBharat Ratna.

During the prime ministership ofJawaharlal Nehru, theyestablished All India Institute ofMedical Sciences (AIIMS), IndianInstitutes of Technology (I.I.Ts),Indian Institutes of Management(I.I.Ms.) and National Institutes ofTechnology (N.I.T.).

Nehru also planned to guaranteefree and compulsory primaryeducation to all of India's children.

Nehru also launched initiativessuch as the provision of free milk

and meals to children in order tofight malnutrition. Adult educationcentre, vocational and technicalschools were also organized foradults, especially in the ruralareas.

A system of reservations ingovernment services andeducational institutions wascreated to eradicate the socialinequalities and disadvantagesfaced by peoples of the scheduledcastes and scheduled tribes.

Hindi was adopted as the officiallanguage of India in 1950 withEnglish continuing as an associateofficial language for a period offifteen years.

He died on 27th May 1964. 14thNovember is celebrated as BaalDivas.

Nehru wrote The Discovery ofIndia, Glimpses of World Historyand his autobiography, TowardFreedom.

arojini Naidu born on 13thFebruary, 1879, also known as TheNightingale of India was an Indian

independence activist and poet. Naiduwas the first Indian woman to become the

President of the Indian National Congressand the first woman to become theGovernor of Uttar Pradesh. Her birthdayis celebrated as Women's Day.

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uhammad Ali Jinnah born 25thDecember 1876 was a lawyer,politician and the founder of

Pakistan. Jinnah served as leader of the All-

India Muslim League from 1913until Pakistan's independence on14 August 1947 and as Pakistan'sfirst Governor-General fromindependence until his death.

He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam.

He worked in Graham's Shippingand Trading Company at London.His wife was Emi Bai. In 1893,Jinnah family moved to Bombayand began his practice in Bombay.

As Governor General of Pakistan,he fixed his salary at Re. 1 permonth.

In 1918, Jinnah married hissecond wife Rattanbai Petit. They

had only one daughter DinaJinnah (Wadia), born on 15thAugust 1919. She remained inIndia after independence beforesettling in New York.

Jinnah is depicted on all Pakistanirupee currency. The former Quaid-i-Azam International Airport inKarachi is now called JinnahInternational Airport. The "JinnahTower" in Guntur, Andhra Pradeshwas built to commemorate Jinnah.He died on 11th Sept., 1948.

adan Mohan Malaviya born 25thDecember, 1861 was an Indianeducationist and freedom fighter.

He was founder of the largestresidential university in Asia i.e.Banaras Hindu University in 1916,having over 12000 students. He

remained Vice Chancellor from1919 to 1938.

He was Chairman of HindustanTimes from 1924 to 1946.

He started the tradition of Aarti ofsacred River Ganga at Har kiPauri, Haridwar which isperformed till date.

nna Hazare, real name KisanBaburao Hazare born 15th June1937 is an Indian social activist.

He led movements to promote ruraldevelopment and increasegovernment transparency. Hefrequently conducted hungerstrikes.

He contributed to the developmentof Ralegan Siddhi village nearAhmednagar district, Maharashtra.

He was awarded Padma Bhushanin 1992.

During Indo-China War of 1962,he was posted at the border ofKhem Karan sector.

The employment opportunitieswere poor where crime andviolence was very high in Ralegan.

Hazare and the youth groupdecided to ban alcohol in thevillage. Over thirty liquor brewingunits voluntarily closed theirestablishments. State governmentalso amended the act in 2009 anddecided to ban the sale of tobacco,

cigarettes etc. in the village. Eventoday it is no longer sold in thevillage.

The farmers started growing high-yield varieties and changedcropping pattern. Since 1975,Hazare helped farmers of morethan 70 villages in drought-proneregions in Maharashtra.

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Hazare converted the irrigated landof Ralegan Siddhi from 70 acres to2500 acres between 1975 and2000.

In 1991 Hazare launched theBhrashtachar Virodhi Jan

Aandolan, a popular movement tofight against corruption in RaleganSiddhi.

Anna Hazare is unmarried andlives in a small room there.

anaiyalal Maneklal Munshi born30 December 1887 was a Freedomfighter, Politician, Lawyer and

Writer. He was also founder of Bharatiya

Vidya Bhavan in 1938.

He was Minister for Agriculture &Food in 1952 Cabinet.

He was also Governor of UttarPradesh during 1952-57. He diedon 8th Feb., 1971.

bul Kalam Muhiyuddin AhmedAzad, popularly known as MaulanaAzad, born on 11th November, 1888

in Mecca, was a senior political leader ofthe Indian independence movement.

He was one of the most prominentMuslim leaders to support Hindu-Muslim unity, opposing thepartition of India on communallines.

During first Cabinet in 1947, hebecame the Minister of Education.

His birthday is celebrated asNational Education Day in India.He is also credited with thefoundation of the UniversityGrants Commission.

He was posthumously awardedBharat Ratna in 1992. He died on22nd February, 1958.

ani Laxmi Bai born 19thNovember, 1828 was the queen ofthe Maratha ruled state of Jhansi.

She was born into a brahminfamily of Varanasi and was namedManikarnika, nicknamed Manuand Chhabili.

She was married to MaharajaGangadhar Rao of Jhansi in 1842.

From May 1857 to June 1858 shefought against British Army. LaxmiBai with her son jumped from theFort on her horse Badal. In thisevent, the horse Badal died. Shewas also badly wounded and diedon 18th June, 1858.

ahadur Shah Zafar, real name

Mirza Abu Zafar SirajuddinMuhammad, born on 24th October

1775 was the last Mughal emperor and amember of the Timur Dynasty.

Zafar had four wives named AshrafMahal, Akhtar Mahal, ZeenatMahal and Begum Taj Mahal.

After his involvement in the IndianRebellion of 1857, the British triedand then exiled him from Delhiand sent him to Rangoon alongwith his wife Zeenat Mahal andother family members in 1858.

Bahadur Shah died in exile on 7November 1862 in Rangoon. Hewas buried in Yangoon.

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ikander Bakht born on August 24,1918 was a politician leader ofIndia and Freedom Fighter. He was

one of the leaders of the Bharatiya Janata

Party. In 1968 he was elected as the

Chairman of Delhi Electric SupplyUndertaking. On June 25, 1975when the Emergency was declaredby Prime Minister Indira Gandhi,Bakht along with other opposition

leaders were imprisoned in RohtakJail.

In the cabinet of 1977 Bakht waselected to the Lok Sabha and was

Minister for Works, Housing,Supply and Rehabilitation.

He was awarded the PadmaVibhushan in the year 2000. Heserved as Governor of Kerala also.

Bakht died on February 23, 2004who was the first Governor died inoffice.

afi Ahmed Kidwai born 18February 1894 was a politicianand Indian independence activist.

He entered into politics through theKhilafat movement. After his release fromjail in 1922 Kidwai moved to Allahabadwhere he attached to the Nehru family asprivate secretary to Motilal Nehru and

then to Jawaharlal. After India gainedindependence, Kidwai became India's firstMinister for Communications. After thefirst general elections in 1952, Mr.Kidwaiwas given portfolio of Food andAgriculture at a time when there was foodrationing in the country. He died on 24thOctober, 1954.

handra Shekhar Azad born on 23rdJuly, 1906 was an Indianrevolutionary. He was earlier called

Chandra Shekhar Tewari.

He re-organized the HindustanRepublican Association after thedeath of its founder, Ram PrasadBismil, Roshan Singh, RajendraNath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan.

His forefathers were from UnnaoDistrict. He learned archery fromthe tribal Bhils of Jhabua district.

He joined Non CooperationMovement in 1921. He was

arrested and jailed. He committedseveral acts of violence and raisedfunds through robberies ofgovernment property.

He was also involved in KakoriTrain Robbery of 1925, in theattempt to blow up the Viceroy'strain in 1926 and at last theshooting of J.P. Saunders at

Lahore in 1928 to avenge thekilling of Lala Lajpat Rai.

On 27th February 1931 he went tothe Alfred Park Allahabad to meetone revolutionary colleague,Sukhdev. The police raided thesite. Faced with armed police, Azadfired upon them and killed threepolicemen and wounded someothers. He shot himself dead withhis last bullet on 27th February,1931.

The Kakori conspiracy, also calledKakori train robbery was a trainrobbery that took place between

Kakori and Alamnagar nearLucknow on 9th August 1925during the Indian IndependenceMovement against the BritishIndian Government.

o The robbery was organizedby the HindustanRepublican Association. Itwas conceived by Ram

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Prasad Bismil andAshfaqullah Khan.

o On 9th August, 1925, 8-Dn.Saharanpur - Lucknow trainwas approaching Kakoriwhen one of the

revolutionaries pulled thechain to stop the train andoverpowered the guard.

o They looted the train as itwas supposed to carry

money belonging to BritishGovernment Treasury.

o Later Ram Prasad Bismil,Ashfaqullah Khan and 40others were arrested fromdifferent parts of country.

o The legal defence wasprovided by Gobind Ballabh,Chandra Bhanu Gupta etc.

hagat Singh born 28th September1907 was an Indian revolutionaryof the Indian independence

movement. He was involved in the murder of

British police officer JohnSaunders.

He undertook a successful effort tothrow two bombs and leafletsinside the Central LegislativeAssembly along with BatukeshwarDutt.

He underwent a 116 day fast injail, demanding equal rights for

British and Indian politicalprisoners.

He was convicted andsubsequently hanged for hisparticipation in the murder on 23rdMarch, 1931 when he was only 23years old.

Bhagat Singh, Rajguru andSukhdev were sentenced to deathjointly and the Jail authoritiessecretly cremated them and threwthe ashes into the Sutlej river.

23rd March is observed as ShaheedDivas in India.

dham Singh born December 26,1899 was an Indian revolutionarysocialist and best known for

assassinating Michael O'Dwyer in March1940 as an avenging of the JallianwallaBagh Massacre.

Singh changed his name to RamMohammad Singh Azad.

When Brig.Gen. Dyer ordered toopen fire on about 20000 Indianson 13th April, 1919 at Jallianwalawho were assembled there to hear

a political speech, Udham Singhtook revenge after 21 years on 13thMarch 1940 during a joint meeting

of East India Association andCentral Asian Society at Londonwhere Michael ODwyer was thespeaker.

Singh concealed his revolver in abook, managed to enter the halland took up position against thewall. At the end of the meeting,Singh fired from his revolver onO'Dwyer twice who diedimmediately.

He was arrested on the spot. Singhwas convicted and was sentencedto death on 31st July, 1940.

hivaram Hari Rajguru born August24, 1908 was an Indianrevolutionist. He was a colleague of

Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev and took part

in the murder of a British police officer,J.P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928. He wasconvicted of the crime and hanged onMarch 23, 1931.

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shfaqulla Khan born 22nd October1900 was a freedom fighter in theIndian independence movement

who sacrificed with Ram Prasad Bismil.

Ashfaqulla Khan was the first Muslim

who was hanged in a Conspiracy againstBritish Raj from India. They were hangedthe same day of 19th December 1927 inFaizabad and Gorakhpur Jail.

Countries ruled by British Empire

ustralia, Canada, New Zealand andSouth Africa were separatecountries under British Colonies by

an act called Statute of Westminster Act

which was passed in 1931. The followingcountries were governed by the BritishEmpire in the past.

Governed by Name(s) of the Countries ruled over

Spain Argentina Bolivia Chile Philippines

GermanyAlbania Belgium Denmark Greece

Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands Norway

France Brazil Cen.R.Africa Mexico Vietnam

United Kingdom

Australia Brunei Canada Cyprus

Egypt Ethiopia Fiji INDIA

Ireland Israel Iraq Jamaica

Kenya Kuwait Malaysia Myanmar

Maldives Mauritius Nigeria PakistanQatar South Africa Seychelles Sri Lanka

Sudan U.S.A. U.A.E.

Soviet Union Afghanistan Finland Hungary N. Korea

Rule over India

ndia was ruled by Mughal Dynastyduring the period 1526 till 1707 by

Babar (15261530), Humayun (15301540), Akbar (15561605), Jahangir Saleem(16051627), Shah Jahan (16271657) and Aurangzeb (16581707).

During the period 1540 to 1555the rule of India was under SuriDynasty.

British Emperors ruled over Indiafrom 1876 to 1947 as

o Queen Victoria (18761901),o King Edward VII (1901

1910),

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o King George V (19101936),o King Edward VIII (1936) ando King George VI (19361947).

Bhutan, China, Nepal, U.S.S.R.,Saudi Arabia, Japan, Iran, United

Kingdom, Mongolia, Iran, Jordanand Oman were Independentcountries and were not ruled overby any other countries ever.

Specific Disasters

isaster is a sudden event ofwidespread destruction which iscaused by Cyclones, Hurricanes,

Earthquake, Flood, Heat waves, Storms,Hailstorms, Tsunamis, Volcanic eruption,industrial accidents, negligence, Fire etc.

Minamata disease was caused bydumping of mercury compounds inMinamata Bay in Japan by aFertilizer cum Petrochemicalcompany Chisso Corporation from1932 to 1967. They were foundresponsible for polluting the bayfor 37 years causing over 3000people suffered severe mercurypoisoning symptoms or death.

Dirty 30s or Dust Bowl was aperiod of severe dust stormscausing major ecological andagricultural damage to Americanand Canadian lands in 1930smainly at Colarado, Texas,Oklahoma, New Mexico. It wascaused by severe drought. Thedrought and erosion of the DustBowl affected about 4.0 lacsq.kms. area. Hundreds ofthousands of people were forced to

leave their farms and were

migrated to California and otherplaces.

Chernobyl disaster was acatastrophic nuclear accident that

occurred on 26th April 1986 at theChernobyl Nuclear Power Plant inUkraine. An explosion and firereleased large quantities ofradioactive particles into theatmosphere which spread overmuch of the western USSR andEurope.

Itai-itai disease was a case of masscadmium poisoning in Japan,

starting around 1912. Thecadmium poisoning caused due tofish of the water and rice irrigatedwith water, caused softening of thebones and kidney failure. Thedisease is named for the severepains caused in the joints andspine. The cadmium was releasedinto rivers by mining companies inthe mountains. Itai-itai disease isknown as one of the Four BigPollution Diseases of Japan.

Newspapers and Magazines in India

Newspapers

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ewspapers in India have almostbecome a habit with the people. Anearly morning without a

newspaper and cup of tea is incompletefor most of the people in India.

The four major global newspapermarkets are China (107 million),India (99 million), Japan (68million) and the United States,selling nearly 51 million copies perday. The sale of Indian newspapershas increased over last few years.Out of 100 best-selling newspapersin the world, 74 are beingpublished in Asian countries.

Dainik Jagran was started in 1942and today it stands at no. 1 with areadership of over 55 million.Owned by Jagaran Prakashan Ltd.It covers 11 states of India. i-next,City Plus, Mid-DAY and SakhiHindi magazine are editions of thisgroup.

Nai Dunia is a Hindi dailypublished from Madhya Pradeshand Chhattisgarh. It was started in1947 and is published from Indore,Gwalior, Jabalpur, Bhopal, Raipurand Bilaspur.

Dainik Bhaskar is a newspaper ofD B Corp Ltd., owned by RameshChandra Agrawal family of Bhopal.Dainik Bhaskar, Divya Bhaskar,Divya Marathi, Aha! Zindagi arealso published by the group. It

covers Madhya Pradesh, Haryana,Chhattisgarh, Punjab, Rajasthan,Chandigarh, Himachal Pradeshand New Delhi.

Divya Bhaskar is a Gujaratinewspaper. DNA from Mumbai isalso published by this group under

collaboration with Zee Group.Bhaskar group runs across 11states of India with their 48editions to 15 million readers everyday.

Hindustan Times was launchedwith Mahatma Gandhi in 1924.During 1947, Hindustan Timesattained the status of being thedominant newspaper in Delhi.

o It has a circulation of 15 laccopies. It has reached toNorthern India with editionsfrom New Delhi, Mumbai,Kolkata, Lucknow, Patna,Ranchi, Bhopal andChandigarh. Jaipur Presswas discontinued in 2006.

o In 1957, K.K. Birla took overthe mantle from G.D. Birla.

o In 1960, Kadambini, Hindimagazine was started.

o In 1964 Nandan, a childrenmagazine was started inmemory of Pt. Jawahar LalNehru.

o In 2006, Fever 104 FM waslaunched with technicalcollaboration of VirginGroup.

o In 2007, Mint, the businesspaper in partnership withthe Wall Street Journal waslaunched in Delhi andMumbai.

Hindustan is Hindi newspaper,ranks as third largest-read daily in

India. It has 13 editions with over12 million readers.

The Indian Express is an IndianEnglish-language daily newspaper.It is published from Delhi,Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune, Kolkata,Ludhiana, Chandigarh, Lucknow

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and Ahmedabad. In 1931, IndianExpress was started by anAyurvedic doctor who sold it toSwaminathan Sadanand. Facedwith financial difficulties,Sadanand sold a part of his stake

to Ramanath Goenka. NowSadanand lost ownership of IndianExpress.

Malayala Manorama is a dailynewspaper in Malayalam languagepublished in Kerala. It was firstpublished in 1890 and currentlyhas a readership of over 20 million.It was brought by the ManoramaGroup. It has 32 publications allover India in five languages i.e.English, Hindi, Malayalam, Tamiland Bengali. The printing press areinstalled at Kerala (11 places),Mangalore, Bengaluru, Chennai,Mumbai, Delhi and Dubai.

Amar Ujala is owned by AmarUjala Publications Ltd. It is a Hindidaily newspaper in India. It wasfounded on 18 April 1948 in Agraand is now distributed inChandigarh, Punjab, Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Jammu andKashmir, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh andUttarakhand. It has a readershipof about 3 million.

The Times Group also referred asBennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. isthe largest mass media company in

India. It is a family-ownedbusiness of Sahu Jain family since1948. The first edition appeared in1838 as The Bombay Times. In1892 Bennett entered into apartnership with Coleman to forma joint stock company Bennett,Coleman & Co. Ltd. It has thelargest circulation among all

English newspapers in the worldwith a readership of about 8million.

o It is published from Delhi,Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata,Bengaluru, Patna, Pune,

Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur,Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Kochi,Lucknow, Goa, Mangalore,Mysore, Bhopal, Ranchi,Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar,Visakhapatnam, Guwahati,Trivandrum, Aurangabad,Kolhapur etc.

o Femina was launched in1959 and the EconomicTimes in 1961.

o Radio Mirchi, a FM channelwas launched in 2001.

The Economic Times is an Englishdaily newspaper published by theBennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Since1961. It is the world's second-mostwidely read English Businesspaper after Wall Street Journal.

o It is published from Delhi,Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru,Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow,Hyderabad, Jaipur, Nagpur,Ahmedabad & Chandigarh.

o Its main content is based onFinance, Indian economy,International finance,Shares and commoditiesetc.

o The Editorial Director isRahul Joshi.

o It is printed on salmon pinkpaper.

oIn June 2009, it alsolaunched a televisionchannel called ET Now.

Navbharat Times is the largestcirculated Hindi newspaper ofDelhi and Mumbai under BennettColeman & Co. Ltd. Group since


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1947. It has a readership of about2 million.

Rajasthan Patrika is a Hindi dailynewspaper published from Jaipur,

Jodhpur, Bikaner, Udaipur, Kota,Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Raipur,Ahmedabad, Gwalior, Kolkata,Chennai, New Delhi andBengaluru. It was founded byKapoor Chandra Kulish which ispresently run by Dr. GulabKothari. Its total readership isabout 7 million.

Mathrubhumi is a Malayalamlanguage newspaper that ispublished from Kerala. It wasfounded by K. P. Kesava Menon in1923. It is the second most widelyread newspaper daily in Keralawith a readership of about 10million.

o It is printed from Kerala (11places), New Delhi, Chennai,Bengaluru and Mumbai.

o Mathrubhumi is alsoprinted from Dubai.

Eenadu is a Telugu language dailynewspaper which is the largestcirculated newspaper in AndhraPradesh. It has a currentreadership of about 6 million.

o Eenadu was founded byRamoji Rao in 1974.

o Eenadu's ventured intoPriya Foods, Usha Kiran

and Mayuri Films and ETVchannels. All the businessare organized under RamojiGroup.

Ananda Bazar Patrika is a Bengalidaily newspaper published fromKolkata, New Delhi and Mumbai by

the ABP Group. It is the mostwidely read Bengali newspaper inIndia with a readership of about 6million. The paper was founded in1922.

Sakshi is a Telugu dailynewspaper. It is published byJagati Publications, owned byJagan Mohan Reddy, son of LateYSR Reddy, ex-Chief minister ofAndhra Pradesh.

o It is very important to notethat the entire Newspaper ispublished in color printingwhich is the only colornewspaper in India.

o It was launched in 2008 andholds second largestcirculating newspaper inAndhra Pradesh with areadership of about 1.5million. It is one of therichest Indian newspapersin India.

o It started its journey with 23editions from AndhraPradesh along with Mumbai,Delhi, Chennai andBengaluru.

Dinakaran is a Tamil dailynewspaper and is the largest Tamildaily with a readership of nearly 12lac. It is published from 12locations including Chennai,Bengaluru, New Delhi, Mumbaietc. It was founded in 1977 by K.P. Kandaswamy.

Daily Sakal is a Marathi dailynewspaper. It is published fromPune, Mumbai, Kolhapur, Nasik,Aurangabad, Nanded, Solapur,Nagpur, Satara, Amravati andJalgaon. It was founded in 1932 byNanasaheb Parulekar. Presently


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Pawar family looks after Sakal. Thedaily circulation is about 15 laccopies.

Punjab Kesari is a Hindinewspaper published from Punjaband Haryana. It is owned byPunjab Kesari Group. It wasestablished by Lala Jagat Narain.It has a daily circulation of morethan 4 million and printed fromJalandhar, Ambala, Ludhiana,Panipat, Hisar, Jammu, Mohali,Chandigarh and Shimla.

The Pioneer is a leading Englishnewspaper published from Delhi,Lucknow, Kochi, Bhubaneswar,Bhopal, Chandigarh, Dehradunand Ranchi. It is the second oldestEnglish language newspaper. ItsHindi version paper has also beenpublished in Lucknow since 2010.

The Hindu is an English dailynewspaper. It was launched in1878. It has a readership of 2.2million people. It circulates mainlyin Tamil Nadu and Kerala. It isprinted at 18 locations includingChennai, Coimbatore, Bengaluru,Vizag, Hyderabad, Madurai, Noida,Kolkata, Mohali, Allahabad,Lucknow etc.

o It has also established itsforeign Bureaus at Pakistan,Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,Nepal, China, Moscow,Paris, Dubai, London andUnited States of America.

o It is headed by Kasturi andSons. It has many firsts inIndia to its credit such asadoption of facsimile systemof page transmission in1969 and to go on Internetin 1995.

Deccan Chronicle is an IndianEnglish daily newspaper. It ispublished in Hyderabad and has atotal readership of over 11 lac. Itwas started from 1938.

o T.V. Reddys are managingits operations since late1970s.

o The IPL Cricket franchise ofthe Deccan Chargers wasowned by Deccan Chronicle.Gayatri Reddy is the ownerof Deccan Chargers.

o It acquired the franchisefrom IPL in 2008 but wasterminated by BCCI in 2012due to failure of notproviding a bank guarantee.

o This franchise has now beenacquired by Sun TV Groupand is called Sun RisersHyderabad.

Magazines and Children Books

Chanda Mama is a classic Indianmonthly magazine for children.Originally, it was started in 1947in Telugu language by a TeluguFilm Director and Writer.

o It is published in 13languages in English,

Kannada, Hindi, Marathi,Malayalam, Gujarati, Oriya,Bengali, Santali, Sanskritand Aasamese. It has areadership of about200,000.


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o Hindi edition was started inAugust 1949. Its Punjabiand Sindhi editions werepublished only for a shortperiod. The editor isPrashant Mulekar.

Lotpot is a weekly Hindi andEnglish comic magazine publishedby Mayapuri Group of publicationssince 1969. Its total circulation isabout 4 lac.

India Today is an English weeklymagazine since 1975. It ispublished in Hindi, Telugu, Tamiland Malayalam. India TodayInternational is circulated acrossthe world.

Outlook is an independent weeklyEnglish News magazine. It featurescontents from politics, sports,cinema and stories of broadinterests. Its first issue waslaunched in October, 1995 withVinod Mehta as the Editor in Chief.

Cine Blitz is a Hindi monthly filmmagazine. It belongs to VJM MediaGroup, promoted by Dr. VijayMallya.

o Nichola Pais is the editor ofCine Blitz. Cine Blitz waslaunched by Russy KaranjiaRifa Publications inFebruary 1975.

o The first issue of Cine Blitzhad Zeenat Aman on thecover.

o In 2001, Dr. Vijay Mallyaacquired a 100 percentstake in Rifa Publicationsand after the takeover, thegroup went on to add threemore magazines namely Hi!

Blitz; OK! India and Hi!Living.

o Since 2003 Cine Blitz wenton international at USA andUK editions.

Mayapuri is the oldest and largestcirculated Hindi film weeklymagazine with a circulation over 3lac magazines per week. It was firstpublished in 1974 by MayapuriGroup. A.P. Bajaj is the chief editorof the group who also launchedchildren favorite Lotpot and MadhuMuskan.

Screen is a film magazinepublished every week in India. It isowned by The Indian Express. Thecontent focuses on the Bollywood.Screen organizes and sponsors theStar Screen Awards for movies inHindi.

Stardust is a monthly Bollywoodmagazine published in English andHindi. It also sponsors theStardust Awards. The magazine ispublished by Mumbai-basedMagna Publishing Co. Ltd. andwas started by Nari Hira in 1971.It became popular under theeditorship of Shobha De, arenowned Columnist after 1995.

Business India is a fortnightlybusiness news magazine foundedby Ashok Hotchand Advani. It wasfounded in 1978. It has acirculation of about 1 lac copiesper issue.

Business Today is a fortnightlybusiness magazine published byLiving Media India Limited since


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1992. It has a readership of about4 lac per issue.

Business World is one of the oldestas well as most respected business

publications in the country. It wasestablished in 1981. It publishesarticles on the economy, banking,finance, industries, corporatehouses and entrepreneurs. It is apart of the ABP Group who alsopublishes Ananda Bazar Patrikaand The Telegraph.

Chacha Chaudhary is a verypopular Indian comic book. The

comic comes in ten Indianlanguages including Hindi andEnglish and has sold almost tenmillion copies. It has also beenmade into a television series withRaghuvir Yadav playing the leadrole of Chacha Chaudhary.

Pratiyogita Darpan is a bi-lingualmagazine on current affairs andgeneral knowledge especiallyuseful for competitive exams. It ispublished by Upkar Prakashan,Agra. It covers wide areas fromhistory, current affairs, economy,geography, politics etc. It has atotal readership of more than 50lac.

Delhi Press is one of the leadingmagazine publishers of India, with

36 magazines in ten languagesincluding Sarita, Champak, SarasSalil, Grih Shobha, SumanSaurabh, Mukta, Woman's Era,Manohar Kahaniyaan etc. It was

established in 1939 and todayreaches out to more than 35million readers.

o Suman Saurabh is amonthly Hindi magazine forthe young adolescent mind.

It covers science, geography,biographies and many otherinteresting topics.

o Sarita is a fortnightly Hindimagazine. The first editionof it was published in 1945.It is a favourite householdmagazine.

o Saras Salil is the largestread magazine in India.

o Champak is a popularfortnightly magazine forchildren since 1968.

o Grih Shobha is a Hindimonthly magazine aimed atIndian woman. Themagazine was started in1979. It carries features onhousekeeping, cookery,knitting, interior decoration,Handicrafts, beauty care,dress designing and hobbiesetc.

oMukta is another monthlymagazine of this group since1961 that caters to theconcerns and interests ofthe youth. With properguidance and direction oncareer, marriage, romance,health, entertainment andfashion, it has been atrusted friend of people.

o Woman's Era is a fortnightlymagazine related to women

since 1973. It covers healthand lifestyle, relationships,grooming and social issuesrelated topics.


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Television in India

elevision in India started with theexperimental telecast in Delhi on15th September 1959.

The regular daily transmissionstarted in 1965 as a part of AllIndia Radio. It was extended toBombay and Amritsar in 1972.Until 1975, only seven cities had atelevision service.

Television services were separatedfrom Akashwani radio in 1976.National telecasts were introducedin 1982.

Colour TV was introduced in theIndia in 1982.

Out of over 515 channels in Indiaabout 150 channels are Paychannels.

The number of TV homes in Indiais about 150 million and Cablereaches to about 94 million homes.

During 80s Hum Log (1984),Buniyaad (198687), Yeh Jo HaiZindagi (1984), Ramayan (198788) and Mahabharat (198990)were telecasted on Doordarshan.

During prime ministership of P.V.Narsimha Rao, the centralgovernment launched a series ofeconomic and social reforms in1991. Under these new policies,

the government allowed privateand foreign broadcasters to engagein limited operations in India.

There are five basic types oftelevision in Indiao Broadcast television,o Free-to-air,o Direct-to-Home (DTH),o Cable television ando IPTV (Internet Protocol TV.

Over-the-air and free-to-air TV isfree with no monthly paymentswhile Cable TV, DTH and IPTVrequire a monthly payment. TheseChannels are usually sold in

groups. India currently has 7 major DTH

service providers with over 35million subscriber householdswhich are

o DishTV (ZEE TV subsidiary),o Tata Sky,o Videocon,o Sun,o Reliance Digital TV,o Airtel DTH (Bharti Airtel);o Public sector DD Direct

Plus. Presently five IPTV Platforms are

available for Subscription in Indiain the main cities as BroadbandInternet penetration.


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Questions related to this Chapter

1-L. Which book is not written byRavindra Nath Tagore?

(a) Gardener(b) The Future of India(c) Hungary Stones(d) The Court Dancer

2-G. What was the sirname of Indianpatriot Chandra Shekhar Azad?(a) Tewari (b) Banerjee(c) Singh (d) Srivastava

3-O. Which book is not written byMahatma Gandhi?

(a) The Degeneration of India(b) Story of my Experiment with Truth(c) Hind Swaraj(d) Key to Health

4-D. After splitting of U.S.S.R. in 1991,which country has the largest area?(a) Ukraine (b) Kazakhstan(c) Turkmenistan (d) Kryghystan

5-E. Cine Blitz magazine was launchedin 1975. Which heroine was appeared on

first issue of its cover page?(a) Poonam Dhillon(b) Madhuri Dixit(c) Zeenat Aman(d) Sri Devi

6-N. Which was not the main course ofmeals of Saabu in Chacha Chaudhary, aHindi children book?(a) 108 Rotis(b) 20 Litres of Lassi(c) 12 kgs. of Halwa

(d) Ek Mann Paani

7-G. As per Swamy Vivekanand, whichcountry he found the Cleanest people onEarth, during his tour?(a) China (b) Japan(c) United States (d) India

8-L. Who was the eldest of thesePatriots?

(a) Asfaqullah Khan(b) Bhagat Singh(c) Chandra Shekhar Azad(d) Raj Guru

9-G. New editions of which magazinesare still available in Indian market?(a) Dharmyug (b) Madhuri(c) Paraag (d) Kadambini

10-A. Which magazine of Delhi Press isnot a fortnightly magazine?

(a) Manohar Kahaniyaan(b) Grih Shobha(c) Champak(d) Womens Era

11-B. Which Mughal Emperor ruled overIndia for a minimum period?(a) Babur (b) Shah Jehan(c) Jehangir (d) Humaun

12-A. After 1947, for which foreignpersonality, India has not issued any

Postage stamp in India?(a) Madam Curie(b) Sister Nivedita 68(c) Abraham Lincoln 65(d) Margarett Thetcher

13-L. Which disease was the main causeof multi-million human deaths worldwidetill date?(a) Influenza (b) Malaria(c) Small Pox (d) Tuberculosis

14-A. India got its Republic on 26thJanuary, 1950. When Pakistan got it?(a) 18th August, 1947(b) 26th January, 1950(c) 21st August, 1952(d) 21st February, 1956


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15-B. Who first created the tradition ofAarti of River Ganges at Har ki Pauri,Haridwar?(a) Dadabhai Naorobi(b) Vallabhbhai Patel(c) Vivekanand

(d) Madan Mohan Malviya

16-B. Who founded Bhartiya VidhyaBhawan, an educational Institute inIndia?(a) Madan Mohan Malviya(b) K.M. Munshi(c) C. Rajgopalachari(d) Ravindra Nath Tagore

17-D. What was the date of Kakori TrainRobbery during Indian IndependenceMovement?(a) 27th Feb., 1931(b) 9th August, 1925(c) 23rd March, 1931(d) 13th April, 1919

18-S. Which historical disaster wasoccurred due to Nuclear blast?(a) Itai Itai disaster(b) Dirty 30s(c) Chernobyl disaster

(d) Minamata disaster

19-D. Who along with Bhagat Singh,successfully undertook to throw Bombsin Central Assembly Hall during IndianIndependence Movement?

(a) Asfaqullah Khan(b) Rajguru(c) Udham Singh(d) Batukeshwar Dutt

20-E. Eenadu is a renowned and majornewspaper of?(a) Telugu (b) Marathi(c) Asom (d) Malayalam

21-E. Which Indian Newspaper is fullypublished in color printing?(a) Mathrubhuni(b) Eenadu(c) Sakshi(d) Malayalam Manorama

22-N. Which magazines Internationaledition is also available in US and UKmarket?(a) Outlook (b) Business India(c) India Today (d) Screen


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Bibliography:

When I compiled this chapter, I took help of some websites related to it. The following

quotes and references were visited.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_independence_activists

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_India_by_readership

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire

Thank You!20

thpart of the Book of The Key to Success

Bri t ish Empire, Revolut ionary

Leaders and Newspapers of India

has been released. Hope you are enjoying.

Now in this part of book you will find knowledge

regarding History of rule of British Empire, some

major disasters, Revolutionary Leaders and

Newspapers and Magazines published in India

and much more.

I tried to give you as much information as

possible regarding the above subject even

knowing that there is too much to write on the

subject matter.

Again I request you all to share it with your friends

too. Very soon you may buy the book in parts at a

discounted rate from various online services

including Amazon.com separately.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_independence_activistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_independence_activistshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_India_by_readershiphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_India_by_readershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empirehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_India_by_readershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_independence_activists

The Key to Success in KBC - Part 20 - British Rule, Revolutionary Leaders and Newspapers in India

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