The International Undertaking and Genetic Resource Governance Patrick Mulvany ITDG RSPB, Chatham...
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The International The International Undertaking and Genetic Undertaking and Genetic Resource Governance Resource Governance
The International The International Undertaking and Genetic Undertaking and Genetic Resource Governance Resource Governance
Patrick Mulvany
ITDG
RSPB, Chatham House
Monday 8th October 2001
Patrick Mulvany
ITDG
RSPB, Chatham House
Monday 8th October 2001
The International The International Undertaking and Genetic Undertaking and Genetic Resource Governance Resource Governance
The International The International Undertaking and Genetic Undertaking and Genetic Resource Governance Resource Governance
Farmers should be the primary interest group that participates in
all negotiations
Zimbabwean Farmers opened the International Seed Fair at
CBD/COP V in Nairobi, May 2001
Farmers should be the primary interest group that participates in
all negotiations
Zimbabwean Farmers opened the International Seed Fair at
CBD/COP V in Nairobi, May 2001
• Agricultural Biodiversity and Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (GRFA)
• International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources
• Genetic Resource Governance
• Agricultural Biodiversity and Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (GRFA)
• International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources
• Genetic Resource Governance
The International The International Undertaking and Genetic Undertaking and Genetic Resource Governance Resource Governance
The International The International Undertaking and Genetic Undertaking and Genetic Resource Governance Resource Governance
COP V lobby COP V lobby COP V lobby COP V lobby
Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity and GRFAand GRFA
Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity and GRFAand GRFA
• genetic resources, varieties, breeds and sub-species used for food and agriculture
• diversity of species that support production - soil biota, pollinators, predators &c
• species in the wider environment that support diverse agroecosystems - agricultural, pastoral, forest and aquatic ecosystems
• Developed by Farmers
• genetic resources, varieties, breeds and sub-species used for food and agriculture
• diversity of species that support production - soil biota, pollinators, predators &c
• species in the wider environment that support diverse agroecosystems - agricultural, pastoral, forest and aquatic ecosystems
• Developed by Farmers
Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity and GRFAand GRFA
Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity and GRFAand GRFA
• Agricultural Biodiversity encompasses "the variety and variability of animals, plants and micro-organisms which are necessary to sustain key functions of the agroecosystem, its structure and processes for, and in support of, food production and food security" (FAO, 1999)
• Agricultural Biodiversity encompasses "the variety and variability of animals, plants and micro-organisms which are necessary to sustain key functions of the agroecosystem, its structure and processes for, and in support of, food production and food security" (FAO, 1999)
Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity and GRFAand GRFA
Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity and GRFAand GRFA
– Nairobi Final Act - revise IU– SBSTTA – Leipzig Global Plan of Action on PGRFA– COP3– World Food Summit: Commitment 3– FAO Workshops on Agricultural Biodiversity– Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal
Genetic Resources – COPs 4,5– PoW on Agricultural Biodiversity with FAO
– Nairobi Final Act - revise IU– SBSTTA – Leipzig Global Plan of Action on PGRFA– COP3– World Food Summit: Commitment 3– FAO Workshops on Agricultural Biodiversity– Global Strategy for the Management of Farm Animal
Genetic Resources – COPs 4,5– PoW on Agricultural Biodiversity with FAO
Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity and GRFAand GRFA
Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity and GRFAand GRFA
International UndertakingInternational Undertakingon Plant Genetic Resourceson Plant Genetic ResourcesInternational UndertakingInternational Undertaking
on Plant Genetic Resourceson Plant Genetic Resources Protect the rapidly eroding genetic resources
which underpin global and local food security Keep these genetic resources in the public
domain and facilitate access Ensure the implementation of Farmers’ Rights Ensure farmers receive a reasonable share of
the benefits from the commercial use of these resources
Protect the rapidly eroding genetic resources which underpin global and local food security
Keep these genetic resources in the public domain and facilitate access
Ensure the implementation of Farmers’ Rights Ensure farmers receive a reasonable share of
the benefits from the commercial use of these resources
International UndertakingInternational UndertakingCSO evaluation criteriaCSO evaluation criteria
International UndertakingInternational UndertakingCSO evaluation criteriaCSO evaluation criteria
fair - a level playing field on access rules without any threat of privatisation and biopiracy… full implementation of Farmers’ Rights
equitable - provide reasonable benefits to poor farming communities in developing countries, commensurate with value of PGRFA, and
comprehensive - contain a full list of the crops and forages that are vital for food security and interdependence.
fair - a level playing field on access rules without any threat of privatisation and biopiracy… full implementation of Farmers’ Rights
equitable - provide reasonable benefits to poor farming communities in developing countries, commensurate with value of PGRFA, and
comprehensive - contain a full list of the crops and forages that are vital for food security and interdependence.
International UndertakingInternational UndertakingWho’ll Own the Seeds of LifeWho’ll Own the Seeds of Life
International UndertakingInternational UndertakingWho’ll Own the Seeds of LifeWho’ll Own the Seeds of Life
• CSOs have kept up consistent pressure
• Press coverage
• Sign-on letters
• Briefing papers
• Web reports
• CSOs have kept up consistent pressure
• Press coverage
• Sign-on letters
• Briefing papers
• Web reports
International UndertakingInternational Undertaking CSO Campaign on the IU CSO Campaign on the IU International UndertakingInternational Undertaking CSO Campaign on the IU CSO Campaign on the IU
http://www.ukabc.orghttp://www.ukabc.org
International UndertakingInternational UndertakingOutstanding ProblemsOutstanding Problems
International UndertakingInternational UndertakingOutstanding ProblemsOutstanding Problems
the exclusion of the genetic resources covered by the IU from IPRs, keeping the resources in the public domain
the relationship between the IU and other international agreements, most notably the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs)
the food crops, forages and their 'wild' relatives that are to be included in the IU
the exclusion of the genetic resources covered by the IU from IPRs, keeping the resources in the public domain
the relationship between the IU and other international agreements, most notably the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs)
the food crops, forages and their 'wild' relatives that are to be included in the IU
FAO CBD
WTOUPOV WIPO
GEF
IU
INTERNATIONAL UNDERTAKINGON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES [FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE]
International UndertakingInternational UndertakingCentral to GovernanceCentral to Governance
International UndertakingInternational UndertakingCentral to GovernanceCentral to Governance
CGIAR
GMOs and genetic pollution GURTs especially Terminator technologies Promoting WTO rules that reduce local options
for sustaining diversity Failing to implement a substantive review of
WTO/TRIPs Article 27.3(b) on life patents Tolerating widespread patent abuse
and biopiracy Concentration of Corporate Power
GMOs and genetic pollution GURTs especially Terminator technologies Promoting WTO rules that reduce local options
for sustaining diversity Failing to implement a substantive review of
WTO/TRIPs Article 27.3(b) on life patents Tolerating widespread patent abuse
and biopiracy Concentration of Corporate Power
Perverse Policies Perverse Policies Perverse Policies Perverse Policies
Farmers are key to the management of the environment as well as providers of food security
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers: providing food & Farmers: providing food &
stewardship of the environment stewardship of the environment
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers: providing food & Farmers: providing food &
stewardship of the environment stewardship of the environment
Farmers have concerns about access and control to the genetic resources they require for common good tasks: providing food and biological and ecological services
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers: defending the global Farmers: defending the global
commons commons
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers: defending the global Farmers: defending the global
commons commons
Farmers have inalienable Rights to the resources, including seeds, they have developed, nurtured and manage on behalf of humanity
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers Rights Farmers Rights
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers Rights Farmers Rights
Farmers’ Rights are a “fundamental pre-requisite to the conservation and sustainable utilisation of agricultural biodiversity”CSO Forum at World Food Summit, 1996
Jane Kiriamba
Tharaka, Kenya
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers Rights Farmers Rights
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers Rights Farmers Rights
• Gikingo Seed FairKenya
• Gikingo Seed FairKenya
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers’ Solutions Farmers’ Solutions
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Farmers’ Solutions Farmers’ Solutions
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance 2001/2002 agenda 2001/2002 agenda
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance 2001/2002 agenda 2001/2002 agenda
• Nov 2001 FAO Council and Conference & WFS+5
• WTO Ministerial + New AoA?• Dec 2001 WIPO Intergovernmental committee
on intellectual property and genetic resources, traditional knowledge and folklore
• April 2002 COP VI• Sept 2002 WSSD, Johannesburg
• Nov 2001 FAO Council and Conference & WFS+5
• WTO Ministerial + New AoA?• Dec 2001 WIPO Intergovernmental committee
on intellectual property and genetic resources, traditional knowledge and folklore
• April 2002 COP VI• Sept 2002 WSSD, Johannesburg
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Final Thoughts Final Thoughts
Genetic Resource Governance Genetic Resource Governance Final Thoughts Final Thoughts
• Sovereignty and free flow of GRFA?• Agricultural biodiversity development
incompatible with private ownership?• Can institutions recognise imperative of local
farming communities contribution?• Is governance of (agro)ecosystems THE issue
- can this be mainstreamed?• Sustainable Development themes:
Cultural, Political, Sustainable Use
• Sovereignty and free flow of GRFA?• Agricultural biodiversity development
incompatible with private ownership?• Can institutions recognise imperative of local
farming communities contribution?• Is governance of (agro)ecosystems THE issue
- can this be mainstreamed?• Sustainable Development themes:
Cultural, Political, Sustainable Use
Presentation byPatrick Mulvany
ITDG
<www.ukabc.org>
Presentation byPatrick Mulvany
ITDG
<www.ukabc.org>
Agricultural BiodiversityAgricultural BiodiversityAgricultural BiodiversityAgricultural Biodiversity
• Agricultural Biodiversity comprises the diversity of genetic resources, varieties, breeds, sub-species and species of crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and micro-organisms used for food, fodder, fibre, fuel and pharmaceuticals.
• Agricultural Biodiversity comprises the diversity of genetic resources, varieties, breeds, sub-species and species of crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and micro-organisms used for food, fodder, fibre, fuel and pharmaceuticals.
Agricultural BiodiversityAgricultural BiodiversityAgricultural BiodiversityAgricultural Biodiversity
• Agricultural biodiversity results from the interaction between the environment, genetic resources and the management systems and practices used by culturally diverse peoples resulting in the different ways land and water resources are used for production.
• Agricultural biodiversity results from the interaction between the environment, genetic resources and the management systems and practices used by culturally diverse peoples resulting in the different ways land and water resources are used for production.
AGROECOSYSTEMSAGROECOSYSTEMS
GENETICGENETIC
SPECIESSPECIES
Agricultural BiodiversityAgricultural Biodiversity Levels of Diversity Levels of Diversity
Agricultural BiodiversityAgricultural Biodiversity Levels of Diversity Levels of Diversity
SOCIAL ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIESANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIESANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIESANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIES
ENVIRON-MENTAL
CULTURALPOLITICAL
SUSTAIN-ABLE USE
OF NR
The Alternative Civil Society Proposal for Sustainable Development(Ecuador Jan 2001)
The Alternative Civil Society Proposal for Sustainable Development(Ecuador Jan 2001)
SOCIAL ECONOMIC
ENVIRON-MENTAL
Conserve and develop agricultural biodiversity
Diversify production systems &
regenerate NR
Sustain Agroecosystem Functions
Improve productivity and food sovereignty
Increase Income and Power
Develop/control culturally appropriate technology
Improve gender equity
Strengthen institutional capacity
PURPOSES OF PURPOSES OF LOCAL LOCAL
SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOLOGICAL AGROECOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT SUSTAIN-ABLE USE
OF NR
CULTURALPOLITICAL