The Human Body Nutrition. What does this picture have to do with a human body?
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Transcript of The Human Body Nutrition. What does this picture have to do with a human body?
Nutrients
• A substance that a living thing must take in to promote growth, maintenance, and repair is called nutrients.
6 nutrients
• Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, minerals• Carbohydrates: organic
compounds made from one or more sugar molecules.• They store and provide energy for
your body to function
Carbohydrates
• Simple carbohydrates are called sugars. • Found in many forms:–Sucrose (granulated sugar)–Fructose (honey, fruit)–Lactose (milk sugar)–Glucose (fruit, flows through blood)
Complex Carbohydrates
• Made of sugar molecules linked together in chains• They form starch in potatoes,
pasta and bread.• Some cc’s, such as cellulose
(fiber) are not digestible
Proteins• Made of amino acids• They regulate the chemical reactions in
the body, transport and store materials, promote growth and healing.• They are long chains of molecules• Our cells need combinations of different
amino acids to make proteins for reactions in our bodies
lipids• Simple or compound• Are molecules of triglycerides
(alcohol glycerol) with fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated)• Cholesterol is a compound lipid,
helps build cell membranes
Vitamins• Organic substances needed in small
amounts for growth and activity• Either fat or water soluble (dissolve
in)• 4 fat-soluble:–A,D,E,K
• We need a little fat to store these vitamins
Water-soluble•Vitamin C, and eight B
vitamins•Body excretes extra water-
soluble vitamins•Many are used for cell
metabolism
Minerals • Inorganic substances• Calcium and phosphorus make up
most of our mineral content• Some minerals work together,
others alone• Most play a role in one of the
body’s chemical processes in a cell
Water
• More than 70% of our body mass is water.• Most of our water is found in our
cells–Intracellular/extracellular–Ex. Is water, nutrients, and carbon
dioxide, electrolytes
Digestions, Absorption, GI Tract
•1. Digestion: food is broken down into microscopic nutrients through digestion–A. chewing–B. chemically with enzymes.
• 2. Absorption: nutrient molecules are moved into the bloodstream.–Most absorption occurs in
walls of small intestine–Bloodstream brings nutrients
everywhere