The Human (Animal) Cell

The Human (Animal) Cell

Cell MembraneResponsible for controlling what substances go into and out of the cell

Think of a screen doorHow does stuff get in and out?The cell membrane is selectively permeable some substances can pass through while others cannot

2 Types of Transport1. Passive Transport no energy required2. Active Transport energy required

Passive TransportMovement of material through the cell membrane without using energy

Diffusion the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentrationOsmosis diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane5Active TransportMovement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

Transport Proteins pick up molecules and pass them through the membrane

Engulfing (Endocytosis) cell membrane folds around a particle, creating a vacuoleNucleusThe cells control center, directing all of the cells activities

Cells duplicate themselves through a process called

Mitosis a cells nucleus divides into 2 nuclei and a copy of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell (cell division)

Mitosis (Cell Division)Mitosis (Cell Division)

Cell Cycle

1. Interphase2a. Mitosis: ProphaseMitosis:Metaphase2c. Mitosis: Anaphase2d. Mitosis: Telophase3. Cytokinesis2b.Cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide.10

Cell Cycle2a. Mitosis: ProphaseMitosis:Metaphase2c. Mitosis: Anaphase2d. Mitosis: Telophase3. Cytokinesis2b.1. InterphaseChromosomes line up in the middle of cell.The chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.New nuclear membranes form.Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.11

Cell Cycle2a. Mitosis: ProphaseMitosis:Metaphase2c. Mitosis: Anaphase2d. Mitosis: Telophase3. Cytokinesis2b.1. InterphaseThe cell membrane pinches in around the middle of the cell, and the cell divides.12Inside the CellCytoplasm clear, thick, gel-like fluid between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Many organelles are found in the cytoplasmCell OrganellesWhat is an organelle?

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cellOrganelles are responsible for:1. Producing Energy2. Building and Transporting needed Materials3. Storing and Recycling WastesCell OrganellesMitochondria powerhouse of the cellProduces energy for the cellDifferent types of cells have more/lessMuscle Cells have large numbers of theseEndoplasmic Reticulum carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to anotherCell Transport SystemThink of a network of roads

Cell OrganellesRibosomes structure that makes proteinsSome are free floating, some attached to E.R.Construction Workers connect one amino acid to another to build long chainsGolgi Bodies receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the E.R., packages them, and sends them off to other parts of the cell for useLike a Post Office packages and labels items that it sends off to different parts of the cellAlso creates Lysosomes

Cell OrganellesVacuoles storage area for the cellSome animal cells do not have theseStorage Area Water, Food, WasteLysosomes break down large food particles into smaller onesFree-floating in the cytoplasm, they go to work when the cell absorbs or eats food.Also can break down old cell parts and release substances so they can be used againGarbage Collectors/Recyclers

MitochondriaNucleusEndoplasmic ReticulumCell MembraneCytoplasmGolgi BodyRibosomesLysosomeVacuole