The Home FrontThe Home Front

Chapter 26Chapter 26

Section 2Section 2

Supporting the War Supporting the War EffortChapter 26EffortChapter 26

What social changes did the war bring What social changes did the war bring about?about?

The war effort brought about social change The war effort brought about social change at home.at home.

War Production Board (WPB) –coordinated War Production Board (WPB) –coordinated the production of military equipment. 60% the production of military equipment. 60% of all allied material.of all allied material.

Supporting the War EffortSupporting the War Effort

The war ended the Great Depression.The war ended the Great Depression. Gross National Product (GNP) – the total Gross National Product (GNP) – the total

value of all the goods and services produced value of all the goods and services produced by a nation during a year.by a nation during a year.

1939 - GNP – $90.5 billion.1939 - GNP – $90.5 billion. 1945 – GNP rose to $212 billion.1945 – GNP rose to $212 billion.

Supporting the WarSupporting the War

Some goods became scarce; gasoline, sugar, Some goods became scarce; gasoline, sugar, tires, shoes, and meat.tires, shoes, and meat.

Auto makers did not produce cars between Auto makers did not produce cars between 1942-1945.1942-1945.

Rationing – giving families a fixed amount Rationing – giving families a fixed amount of a certain item.of a certain item.

Raise income taxes and sold war bonds Raise income taxes and sold war bonds (loans that the government promised to (loans that the government promised to repay with interest.)repay with interest.)

Opportunities and Tensions for Opportunities and Tensions for MinoritiesMinorities

New jobs opportunities for minorities.New jobs opportunities for minorities. Most jobs on the West Coast or in the North.Most jobs on the West Coast or in the North. Inflamed racial tension. (1943- race riot in Inflamed racial tension. (1943- race riot in

Detroit).Detroit). A. Philip Randolph, African American labor A. Philip Randolph, African American labor

leader, threatened march on Washington.leader, threatened march on Washington. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 outlawing Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 outlawing

discrimination in defense industries. discrimination in defense industries.

MinoritiesMinorities

40,000 Native Americans worked in war 40,000 Native Americans worked in war industries.industries.

Braceros – Braceros – Mexican workers; 120,000 Mexican workers; 120,000 worked on farms.worked on farms.

Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles after Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles after American servicemen attacked Mexican American servicemen attacked Mexican Americans.Americans.

Minorities.Minorities.

Segregated units in the armed services.Segregated units in the armed services. Tuskegee Airmen, African-American Pilots and Tuskegee Airmen, African-American Pilots and

crew members; served with honor in North Africa crew members; served with honor in North Africa and Europe.and Europe.

Women in demand for work; 30%or work force.Women in demand for work; 30%or work force. Rosie the Riveter – Rosie the Riveter – famous image of a strong famous image of a strong

woman hard at work at an arms factory; symbol woman hard at work at an arms factory; symbol for women workers.for women workers.

300,000 women in Women’s Army Corps(WAC)300,000 women in Women’s Army Corps(WAC)

The Internment of Japanese-The Internment of Japanese-Americans.Americans.

What happened to Japanese-Americans after Pearl What happened to Japanese-Americans after Pearl Harbor?Harbor?

FDR signed an executive order for Japanese to FDR signed an executive order for Japanese to move to internment camps.move to internment camps.

2/3 2/3 Nisei – Japanese Americans born in the U.S.Nisei – Japanese Americans born in the U.S. Korematsu – defied order and took to the Supreme Korematsu – defied order and took to the Supreme

Court based on unconstitutional because of race. Court based on unconstitutional because of race. Court ruled it constitutional. Court ruled it constitutional.