How Did the Civil War Begin (2)

8/2/2019 How Did the Civil War Begin (2)

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HOW DID THE CIVIL WAR BEGIN?

Causes and effects


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WHAT WAS THE UNITED STATES LIKE IN 1819?

The United States was spreading from sea toshining sea.

There were more states joining the Union.

Some of the states were slave states

Some of the states were free states

Question confronting Congress: As newstates were added to the United States,would they be slave or free?


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THE UNITED STATES IN 1775


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DIFFERENCES DEVELOP BETWEEN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH

Between 1800 -1850s, people in the Northand the South developed very different waysof life.


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THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH

Cities grew large with newindustries appearing

Busy factories made all sortsof products

Many canals and railroadsthat made transportation ofpeople and products easier.

Many jobs for a large numberof workers including

immigrants Workers in the North were

paid for their labor and werefree to take the job of theirchoice


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THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH (CONT.)

Population 20 million

Many shipyards forimporting supplies and

exporting products Had coal, iron, and

copper and othernatural resources

Most large cities werelocated in the North


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THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH (CONT.)

Grew enough food tofeed population ofNorth

Most Northerners livedin cities

Slavery was notpracticed in the Northand was against thelaw.


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THE AGRICULTURAL SOUTH

Few large cities andfactories

Way of life was based onfarming

Large farms calledplantations Slave labor (slavery) was

used to supply the labor onplantations.

Most important crop wascotton, which was sold forcash

Most people lived in ruralareas.


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THE AGRICULTURAL SOUTH (CONT.)

Small port cities on thecoasts and MississippiRiver to transport cash

crops to the North andEuropean countries.

Some factories thatproduced limited

products

Some railroads


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SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES

Slavery began in Jamestowncolony in 1619.

The Dutch in NewAmsterdam had Africanslaves working on their

Hudson Valley farms Slavery existed in every

American colony until afterthe Revolutionary War.

Vermont was the first state toend slavery in 1777.

New York was the lastNorthern state to abolishslavery in 1817.

By 1850 most Northernstates had outlawed slavery.


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SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES (CONT.)

Slavery was a permamentcondition inheirted throughthe mother.

Slaves could be bought,sold, punished, or loanedto someone else.

Slaves could not own anyproperty, make contracts,etc. and laws controlledtheir travel, employment,

and legal status. Even freed slaves in the

North were in danger ofbeing sold to slave ownersin the South.


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SLAVERY IN THE SOUTH

Slavery was profitable tothe economy of theSouth.

Six out of every tenslaves in the Southworked in cotton fields.

By 1860 enslaved African

Americans totaled almostfour million people.

In some states, theyoutnumbered the free

whites.


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SLAVERY IN THE SOUTH (CONT.)

Only 1 in four Southernfamilies actually ownedslaves.

Three-quarters of

Southern families did notown slaves.

About 30,000 Southernersowned fifty or more slaves.

Most Southerners whoowned slaves lived onsmall farms and in cities.

Slaves also worked inshipyards, in businesses

and as house slaves.


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THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE

In 1819, Missouriasked to join the Unionas a slave state.

At the time there were11 free states and 11slave states.

Northerners did notwant balance of slavestates and free statesupset.

After debate inCongress, The MissouriCompromise was

reached. Missouri would join as a

slave state, and Maineas a free state.

Balance would be kept.


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THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (CONT.)

To stop furtherdisagreements, a linewas drawn across themap of the westernUnited States at latitude36 30 north.

Except in Missouri, no

slaves would ever beallowed north of thatline.

This compromise

worked for 30 years.


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ABOLITIONISTS AND THE UNDERGROUND

RAILROAD

Some northerners began speaking out againstslavery. Called abolitionists because they wanted toabolish (end) slavery forever.

Organized the Underground Railroad.

Series of safe houses or stations where runawayslaves could hide and rest. Conductors guided them along the route, or to the

next safe house.

Many slaves escaped to Canada where they wouldbe safer than in free states Most Northerners were not abolitionists or members

of Underground Railroad network.


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TWO FAMOUS ABOLITIONISTS.

FREDRICK DOUGLAS

HARRIET TUBMAN

Former slave who hadescaped to New York. Hegave powerful speeches

against slavery.

Brave conductor on the UndergroundRailroad. After escaping slavery herself,she returned South 19 times and guidedhundreds of other slaves to freedom.


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ROUTES OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD


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COMPROMISE OF 1850

1849 California asked toenter United States as afree state.

Southerners angrybecause this would mean

more free states and muchof California was south of3630 line.

Agreement reached byCongress

1. California entered as freestate and no more slavessold in Washington D.C.North

2. People in New Mexicoand Utah could vote onwhether or not to allowslavery, and Fugitive SlaveLaw (Officials in the Northhad to help capturerunaway slaves.

South


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EFFECTS OF THE COMPROMISE OF 1850

Fugitive Slave Lawsurprised and angeredNortherners.

Some states passedlaws against it

Abolitionists broke intojails and freedcaptured slaves

Abraham Lincolnshocked.

Southerners accusedthe North of trying todestroy slavery.

Northerners accusedthe South of wanting tospread slavery.


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BLEEDING KANSAS

Kansas and Nebraskaprepared to becomestates.

Because they werenorth of the agreedline both should befree states.

1854 Congresspassed Kansas-Nebraska Act.

New law allowedpeople in the twoterritories to elect

representatives andwrite a stateconstitution that couldpermit, or forbid slavery.


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BLEEDING KANSAS (CONT)

Abolitionist and pro-slavery people rushedto Kansas to vote onissue of slavery.

Attacked each otherwith words andweapons

Pro-slavery voterswon, but anti-slaverypeople refused toaccept results.


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BLEEDING KANSAS (CONT)

Pro-slavery mobsattacked anti-slaverytowns; burned and

wrecked most oftown.

Abolitionist JohnBrown attacked pro-

slavery people By time federal

troops restored order 200 people had

died.


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JOHN BROWNS RAID

1859 Led group of men in a raid on a

government storehouse filled with guns in

Harpers Ferry.

Planned to give guns to enslaved peopleso that they could fight for their freedom.

Brown was captured, put on trial and

hung.

Southerners thought that Browns raid

was a sign that the North was trying to

end slavery.


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THE ELECTION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN

Candidate, Abraham Lincoln promised toleave slavery alone in the South, but wasagainst letting it spread into new territories.

To the Southerners, he was the enemy.

After election, seven Southern statesseceded (left) the United States and formed

new country The Confederate States ofAmerica.

Elected Jefferson Davis as president.


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CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

Quickly took over allfederal forts and otherproperty located in theSouth

On April12, 1861,Confederates attackedFort Sumter located inthe harbor of

Charleston, SouthCarolina.

Union commander wasforced to surrender.


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Southernerscelebrated victory

Most Southernersbelieved that theUnited States would

let the South gowithout putting upmuch of a fight.

CAPTURE OF FORT SUMTER


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THE CIVIL WAR HAD BEGUN.

They were wrong

How Did the Civil War Begin (2)

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