The generation, storage, and movement of information are central to managing an enterprise’s...
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Information & Communication
The generation, storage, and movement of information are central to managing an
enterprise’s business processes
As a result, businesses must ensure that they are using information and
communication technologies (ICTs) that best satisfy their information and
management needs
Connectivity, integration, and ease of access to information are essential for
effective communication among workers and business partners
Many enterprises are assimilating social media such as Twitter and Facebook to enhance communication and business
processes
Networking technology is making inter-organizational business processes more
transparent by facilitating the flow of information
TrendsThree different forces have consistently driven the architecture and evolution of data communications and networking facilities:
1. Traffic growthGrowing at a high and steady rateNo longer limited to voice and dataIncreasing business emphasis on Web service, remote access, online transactions, and social networking
2. Development of new servicesRange of services that business users desire is expandingIncreasing data traffic due to smartphones and tabletsDemand for services to support high-resolution camera phones, video streams, and high-end audio
3. Advances in technologyMore powerful computers and clusters of computers capable of supporting more demanding applicationsNetworks are more “intelligent”The Internet and the Web have led to intranets and extranetsMobile devices have become drivers of the evolution of business networks and their use
Services versus
ThroughputRates
Ethernet Bandwidth Trends
Enterprise Network Drivers
Table 1.1
Emerging Enterprise Network
Applications
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-K1uj9VmCzo
ConvergenceRefers to the merger of previously distinct telephony and information technologies and marketsThree layer model:
ApplicationsSeen by the end users of a businessIntegrates communications applications
Enterprise servicesSeen by the network managerEnsures that users can take full advantage of the applications that they use
(privacy mechanisms, authentication services, support remote print services and network storage facilities, setting up collaborative environments)
InfrastructureConsists of the communication links, LANs, WANs, and Internet connections available to the enterpriseAlso includes private and/or public cloud connections to data centers
Business-Driven Convergence
Key Benefits of IP Network Convergence
Cost savingsCan provide a significant reduction in network administration, maintenance, and operating costsEnables better use of existing resources and implementation of centralized capacity planning, asset management, and policy management
EffectivenessHas the potential to provide users with great flexibility, irrespective of where they areMobile workers can use a virtual private network (VPN) to remotely access business applications and communication services on the corporate network, secure from other Internet traffic
TransformationCan easily adapt to technological advancements without having to install new infrastructureEnables the enterprise-wide adoption of global standards and best practices
12
Unified Communications (UC)
Enterprise network convergence focuses on the consolidation of traditionally distinct voice, video, and data communications networks into a common infrastructureFocuses on the integration of real-time communication servicesSystems are built on Internet ProtocolKey elements:
UC systems typically provide a unified user interface and consistent user experience across multiple devices and mediaUC merges real-time communications services with non-real-time services and business process applications
Unified Communications
Architecture Elements
Mobile Employee Profiles
Table 1.2
Business Benefits of Unified
Communications
Business Information Requirements
Voice communicationsRefers to telephone related communicationsEnhanced by computer-based services such as voice mail and the voice over IP (VoIP) protocol
Data communicationsRefers to virtually any form of information transfer other than voice
Image communicationsAn example would be facsimile (fax)Images can be attached or embedded in e-mail messagesSmartphones enable users to take and send high-resolution digital images across mobile networks
Video communicationsHigh-resolution telepresence systems enable geographically dispersed users to conduct business matters as if they were physically present in the same room
Information Transmission
The basic building block of any enterprise network infrastructure
is the transmission line
One of the basic choices for business network users is the transmission medium• Fiber-optic• Wireless transmission
Transmitting voice, data, image, and video traffic across enterprise networks continues to consume a major chunk of the communications budget for most businesses• Multiplexing
• Ability of a number of devices to share a transmission line
• Compression• Squeezing the data into a smaller
form so that a lower-capacity, cheaper transmission line can be used to transfer it between computing devices
Businesses need to be concerned with two dimensions of computer communications software:
The application software that is provided to the business users’ commuting devices over enterprise networks
The underlying interconnection (networking) software that allows these computing devices to work together cooperatively
The Internet and Distributed Applications
The Internet
The Web provides a myriad of ways for businesses to communicate with consumers and
to market their products and services
Intranets and extranets enable secure communication both within an enterprise and
with customers, suppliers, and partners
TCP/IP
Universally used for the communications software function across multiple vendor
equipment
The basis for the operation of the Internet
Client/Server Architectures, Intranets, Extranets, and SOA
Separate computers (servers) provide specialized services on a shared basis for many
users (clients)
An intranet is confined to authorized users within the organization with no access to
outsiders
Extranets enable outside clients and business partners to access corporate computing
resources
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) enables customers to get access to their business
software products at hosted sites
Networks
Local Area Network (LAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)
Circuit SwitchedPacket SwitchedFrame RelayAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Wireless NetworkMetropolitan Area Network (MAN)
ANetworking
Configuration
Management Issues
Network SecurityConfidentialityIntegrityAvailability
Network ManagementHighly distributed peer-to-peer networksComplexity of managing and maintaining Reliable operation at all timesSkilled personnel and communication costs
Communications StandardsImportance
Choice of vendors and productsCompetition leads to lower costEnovation through open standards
OrganizationsInternet Society (ISOC)International Organization for Standardization (ISO)IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Committee The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Summary Information and
communication Data communications and
networking for today’s enterprise Trends Business drivers
Convergence Unified communications Business information
requirements Transmission and transmission
media Communication techniques
Chapter 1: Introduction
Distributed data processing
Internet and distributed applications The Internet TCP/IP Client/Server
architectures, intranets, extranets, and SOA
Networks Network security Network
management Standards