T h e F o u r t h I n d u s t r i a l R e v o l u t i o n

a n d i t s I m p a c t o n H R D

Dr Phil Mjwara

DG: Dept of Science & Tech,

(SA)

23 May 2019

Botswana HRD Council

Introductory Remarks

• The role of government is to create a conducive

climate for individuals and businesses to thrive.

• This includes creating an enabling climate for

businesses (esp. small and medium sized ones)

to become more productive and competitive, in a

rapidly changing world.

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SET Policy Evolution

S&T White

Paper

NRDS

S&T Missions

TYIP

OECD Review

of SA NSI

1996 2002 2004 2007

Creation

of DST

New public S&T missionsBiotechnologyICTAdvanced manufacturingAstronomy

Knowledge-based economyGrand challengesHuman capital development

NSI SWOTBenchmarked

Developing the NSI

2018

New STI

White Paper

Decadal

Plan

IPR Act

The Fourth Industrial Revolution

(4IR) – SA’s Approach

• The 4IR -Definition

• Case Studies

– Manufacturing

– Bio Innovation

– Digitalisation in the ICT Sector

• Converging Technologies Platform

• Skills Requirements

• Risks of the 4IR

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5

The 4IR

• Potential threats

– Further job losses, reduction in manufacturing output

– Inequality might increase

• Largest beneficiaries – providers of intellectual &

physical capital

• Increased demand for high-skill workers

• Opportunities

– Not geographically constrained

– Strong signal from EU to involve developing countries

– SA has strong technological capabilities in a number

of areas6

4IR: Opportunities & Threats

7

Convergence to drive transformation of

economies and societies (1)

8

Convergence to drive transformation of

economies and societies (2)

… and the convergence of the digital with the physical and

biological

Source: Microsoft

9

Digitalisation in Manufacturing

Source: Göran Roos

Aeroswift - Objectives

10

• Design and construct a large area, powder bed AM system, for metallic components:

o Powder layer manufacturing

o High speed system for:

Production of large metal parts

High throughput

o Versatile to support optimization of parameter field

o Build volume:

2m x 0.6m x 0.6m

Scalable build volume

o Pre-heating and environmental control

o Materials that can be accommodated

Ti-6Al-4V

Stainless Steel alloys

Inconel

Other metals

• Collaborative Programme in Additive Manufacturing

• SA Additive Manufacturing Strategyhttp://www.rapdasa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/South-African-Additive-Manufacturing-Strategy.pdf

• Aeroswift

11

Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing

Part size

Wire depositionsystems

Powder Deposition

systems

Powder bedsystems Aeroswift

<500mm >2000mm

Par

t co

mp

lexi

ty

HIGHER VALUE

Bio-Economy

Target: 5% GDP attributed to bio-economy by 2050

(~ R175 billion in today’s terms).

R2 billion invested by BRICs / TIA into

biotech innovation (2003-10).

By 2014, the top 7 biotech companies

had a combined annual turnover of

nearly R1 billion (from a direct

investment of R63million).

Taxes, jobs, wealth creation, export

earnings, improved QoL.

Relevance to Bio (Innovation)?

• Growing populations need more food &

feed (… between 2015 and 2050, 1.3 billion will be

added in Africa, 0.9 billion in Asia, and 0.2 billion in the

rest of the world)

• Mitigation of Climate Change impacts• Address drought tolerance, disease resistance

• Replace dependence on fossil fuels

• Increasing global competitiveness• Market share

• Increasing global wealth – changing lifestyles,

increasing – but different - consumption

• Finite resources• Biomass recycling

• Biorefining

• Biomaterials

Key Features of the Future in

the Bio-economy

Convergence

Competitive market solutions don’t respect

disciplinary boundaries.

• Landfill + biotech = biomass recycling

• Materials science + biotech = biomaterials

• ICT + biotech = telemedicine/agricultural

extension

• Nanotech + proteins = nanomedicine

• Satellites + AI + farming = precision

agriculture

Key Features of the Future in

the Bio-economy

PrecisionTo address the enormous variability in life (even

within the same species)

• Health – Genomic or Precision medicine

Tailoring medicines not just to the disease

but to the human genotype

• Agriculture – Precision agriculture

• Gene-editing – harnessing the genomic

potential of crops/animals

• Satellite & drone imagery – making

every square metre more productive

• Real time, precision phenotyping

Bio-innovation

Eucalyptus Genome Programme (UP)

Sequenced the Eucalyptus Genome.

Identification of genetic markers for

desirable traits, which speeds-up, and

allows for more accurate, breeding.

Estimated that the benefits of Marker

Assisted Breeding over conventional

breeding will save R81 million over 15 yrs

per 30 000 ha.

Translated to the 1.2million ha total

plantation in SA: equates to a potential

saving of R3.4billion over 15 yrs.

R5.5+million invested

17

• XX

– XX

• XX

Digitalisation in the ICT sector

Source: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/The_Information_Age/The_Digital_and_ICT_Revolutions

18

Converging Technologies Platform

Etc.

6/12/2019 19

Skills Requirements for 4IR: 21st

Century Learning Framework

Stats on skills and shortagesGlobal shortfall of 2.9-million

data scientists with 1,000's

required across corporate SA

(Source: Business Report). Domainsrelated to 4IR

Industry

ArtificialIntelligence

E-Commerce(Smart logistics)

Dataanalytics

Health

Internet ofThings

Productionlines

5G Networks Telecommunications

Industries that could

benefit from the 4IR

Skills in highest demand on

LinkedIn, SA. (Source: LinkedIn,

2017)

1. Statistical analysis and data mining

2. Java development

3. Network and information security

4. Mobile development

5. Perl/Python/Ruby 20

Industries and Skills Gaps

Accelerated Capacity Building in

Data Science (DSIDE)

• Since 2014, 149

trainees

• 88% black, 31%

female

• 40+ employed at

financial, ICT and

energy companies.

• Targets for 2018/19

and 2019/20 are 60

and 70 trainees,

respectively.

21

National e-Science and Data Science

Training Initiatives• National e-Science Postgraduate Teaching and

Training Platform (NEPTTP)

–Purpose: Multi-institutional platform to develop

suitable qualification, curricula and pedagogic

interventions to advance the training of postgraduate

students in the rapidly developing cross-disciplinary

fields involved in e-Science

–Championed by a Consortium of 6 universities: North

West, Sol Plaatje, Limpopo, Pretoria, Venda, and

Witwatersrand

–Impact: In 2018, 28 Masters students from partner

institutions supported; Univ. of Limpopo leads

submission to DHET and SAQA for accreditation of

Masters degree in e-Science; Collaboration with

Uppsala University, Sweden to offer a joint e-Science

Masters programme

National e-Science and Data Science Training

Initiatives

• National e-Research Support Programme

– Purpose: Provide research grants for Cyberinfrastructure (CI)

related R&D to promote the advancement of the underpinning

disciplines and technologies (i.e. computational science; data

science; computer science; computer, network & storage

technologies)

– Impact: Build and support the e-research capability pipeline in the

country as an enabler for e-Research; will commence in Q1 of

2018/19

• Data Science for Impact and Decision Enablement (DSIDE)

– Purpose: An advance data science training programme focussed

on a learn-by-doing approach over a 12 week “boot camp”; Ensure

that youth (50+ annually) are prepared for the modern workplace

with skills in Artificial Intelligence, Data science and Analytics

– Impact: 149 students trained since 2014, with most employed in

analytics jobs in Industry (Finance, Consulting, Data science and

Engineering firms)

24

Mobile Laboratory Southern Africa

(mLab)

Some of the mLab startup

graduates: GoMetro, AftaRobot,

Afroes and Tour2.0

• In 2017/18, 26 start-ups.

• No. of youth trained in coding skills

(Skills Academy) in last three years

is 394.

• Expansion of the mLab outside to

Limpopo, Northern Cape and

Mpumalanga.

• Target to train 60/year/province for 3

years.

25

• XX

– XX

• XX

GoMetro

Source: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

Ide

ntity

Au

the

ntica

tio

nS

ma

rt T

oke

ns

SharkTank

Cybersecurity Training

Platform

Ne

two

rk a

nd

Da

ta

Se

cu

rity

Concept Design Technology Demonstrators Out of Lab Demonstration Technology Packages

Name

Ear biometric acquisition

system

Name

Infant fingerprint acquisition

device

Service Delivery

Automated vehicle license

disc renewal system

Name

Smart card terminal software

SharkTank

Cybersecurity training platform

Name

Iris recognition software

Name

Signature recognition system

Name

Biometric match-on-card

solution

Name

Smart ID card applet

NAME

Fingerprint template protection

solution

NAME

Physical document signing

solution

VeristicPrint SDK

Fingerphoto processing

software

NAME

Two-factor authentication

system

BACP

Visitor identification system

Impimpi

Network intrusion Detection

system

Name

CSIR Fingerprint Processing

Library

OCT-FPAD

Contactless internal fingerprint

acquisition system

Service Delivery

Indigent management system

OCT-FPAD2

Non-destructive latent

fingerprint acquisition system

Name

Fingerprint fast matcher

Building Capabilities in

Cyber/Information security

A Focused Human Capital Development Programme in Information Security produced: 9 Undergrads, 25 MSc & 5 PhD

HC

D

Risks of Increased Digitalisation (1)

Source: Shutterstock and venturebeat.com

Source: id:analytics

Trust and Security

Risks of Increased Digitalisation (2)

Source: bullhorn.com

Source: Shutterstock and

social-epistemology.com

Industrial organisation and …

29

Risks of Increased Digitalisation (3)

Source: Brian Armstrong

and Stats SA

Source: future-

customer.com

… its impact on incomes, wealth and jobs

• Thank you

• Ngiyabonga

• Dankie

• Ke a leboga

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