The Collapse of the Old The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949Order, 1929-1949

Chapter 29Chapter 29

The Stalin RevolutionThe Stalin Revolution

Five Year PlansFive Year Plans

Joseph Stalin rose to power and Joseph Stalin rose to power and eliminated Leon Trotsky and all eliminated Leon Trotsky and all contenders.contenders. Goal: Goal: Five Year PlansFive Year Plans

October 1928October 1928 Centralized state control Centralized state control

over the economyover the economy rapidrapid

Collectivization of AgricultureCollectivization of Agriculture

At the hands of peasantsAt the hands of peasants Collectives Collectives

Organize peasantsOrganize peasants Violent suppression of the kulaksViolent suppression of the kulaks Starvation 1933 and 1934Starvation 1933 and 1934

Second Five Year Plan 1933-1937Second Five Year Plan 1933-1937 Consumer goodsConsumer goods Heavy industries and armamentsHeavy industries and armaments

Terror and OpportunitiesTerror and Opportunities

NKVDNKVD No one was safeNo one was safe Women in workforceWomen in workforce Contrast between SovietContrast between Soviet

Union and the DepressionUnion and the Depression

The DepressionThe Depression

Signaled by the NY stock market Signaled by the NY stock market crash in 1929.crash in 1929.

World effectWorld effect U.S. had to call back loans U.S. had to call back loans from Germany and Austria. from Germany and Austria.

Reparations endedReparations ended Loan repayment endedLoan repayment ended

Smoot-Hawley Tariff ActSmoot-Hawley Tariff Act World trade declined 62%World trade declined 62%

Depression in Industrial NationsDepression in Industrial Nations

France and EnglishFrance and English Forced coloniesForced colonies

Japan and GermanyJapan and Germany Suffered because:Suffered because:

The New DealThe New Deal Germany and JapanGermany and Japan

Military buildupMilitary buildup coloniescolonies

Depression in Nonindustrial RegionsDepression in Nonindustrial Regions

Indian and ChinaIndian and China Little effectLittle effect

Latin AmericaLatin America Est. military dictatorshipEst. military dictatorship Authoritarian controlAuthoritarian control

Southern Africa boomedSouthern Africa boomed Gold, copper, miningGold, copper, mining

The Rise of FascismThe Rise of Fascism

Mussolini’s ItalyMussolini’s Italy

Fasci di combattimentoFasci di combattimento Intimidate politiciansIntimidate politicians Strong arm menStrong arm men

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini Fascist PartyFascist Party

Installed members to government jobsInstalled members to government jobs Glorification of warGlorification of war Imitated in:Imitated in:

Hitler’s GermanyHitler’s Germany

BlameBlame Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Leader of NazisLeader of Nazis Failed in Munich Failed in Munich

uprising in 1924uprising in 1924 Mein KampfMein Kampf

DepressionDepression Nazi gained support from unemployed and property owners. Nazi gained support from unemployed and property owners.

Largest partyLargest party Hitler used propagandaHitler used propaganda

CommunismCommunism Chancellor 1933Chancellor 1933

Third Reich 1934Third Reich 1934 Economic and Social PoliciesEconomic and Social Policies

Public worksPublic works Military build upMilitary build up WomenWomen Low unemploymentLow unemployment

The Road to War, 1933-1939The Road to War, 1933-1939

Goal of conquest (Germany)Goal of conquest (Germany) Armed forces (air force)Armed forces (air force) League of NationsLeague of Nations ConscriptionConscription Troops in Rhineland 1936Troops in Rhineland 1936

ItalyItaly Ethiopia invaded 1935Ethiopia invaded 1935

Little objection to AlliesLittle objection to Allies 1938 Hitler annexed:1938 Hitler annexed:

AppeasementAppeasement Fear of warFear of war Fear of communismFear of communism Hitler could be trustedHitler could be trusted

Nazi-Soviet PactNazi-Soviet Pact PolandPoland

East Asia, 1931-1945East Asia, 1931-1945

The Manchurian Incident of The Manchurian Incident of 19311931

Japan wanted to end its dependence on Japan wanted to end its dependence on foreign trade through colonial empire in foreign trade through colonial empire in China. Junior officers planted a small bomb China. Junior officers planted a small bomb on railroad tracks and blamed it on China. on railroad tracks and blamed it on China.

At homeAt home More authoritarianMore authoritarian Political assassinationsPolitical assassinations Government takeover of politicsGovernment takeover of politics

The Chinese Communists and the The Chinese Communists and the Long MarchLong March

Chiang Kai-shek v. Communist PartyChiang Kai-shek v. Communist Party Execution of communistExecution of communist Exiled to Jiangxi provinceExiled to Jiangxi province

Mao Zedong (1893-1976)Mao Zedong (1893-1976) Peasant support instead of industrialistsPeasant support instead of industrialists Women’s equalityWomen’s equality WarfareWarfare

In 1934 the Guomindang army forced the In 1934 the Guomindang army forced the Communists to flee from Jiangxi on the Communists to flee from Jiangxi on the “Long March” to Shaanxi in 1935“Long March” to Shaanxi in 1935

The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945

Japanese forces invade China Japanese forces invade China Near BeijingNear Beijing Full scale invasionFull scale invasion League of NationsLeague of Nations Controlled costal provinces within a yearControlled costal provinces within a year Dependent on U.S. for:Dependent on U.S. for: The Nanjing MassacreThe Nanjing Massacre

Mao propagandaMao propaganda

The Second World WarThe Second World War

The War of MovementThe War of Movement

More offensiveMore offensive Germany’s blitzkriegGermany’s blitzkrieg Aircraft carriersAircraft carriers Fast theatres of operationFast theatres of operation Mobilized populations Mobilized populations

and economiesand economies Civilian targetsCivilian targets

War in Europe and North AfricaWar in Europe and North Africa

Germany took Poland in less than a Germany took Poland in less than a month. In 1939-1940 took all of Europe month. In 1939-1940 took all of Europe between ___ and ___.between ___ and ___.

Battle of Britain 1940Battle of Britain 1940 British Royal Air ForceBritish Royal Air Force

Battle of Barbarossa Battle of Barbarossa Battle of Stalingrad 1943Battle of Stalingrad 1943 AfricaAfrica

British forces turned back Italy and GermanyBritish forces turned back Italy and Germany

War in Asia and the PacificWar in Asia and the Pacific

In 1941 Japan occupied IndochinaIn 1941 Japan occupied Indochina U.S. stopped shipping products to U.S. stopped shipping products to

ChinaChina Pearl Harbor 1941Pearl Harbor 1941

Occupation of all of Southeast Asia and Occupation of all of Southeast Asia and the Dutch Indiesthe Dutch Indies

U.S. joined England and Soviet U.S. joined England and Soviet Union-United Nations (Allies)Union-United Nations (Allies)

By 1942 the U.S. had a significant By 1942 the U.S. had a significant advantage over Japanadvantage over Japan

The End of the WarThe End of the War Soviet Red Army were receiving Soviet Red Army were receiving

supplies from factories in Russia and supplies from factories in Russia and the United States. The Soviet the United States. The Soviet offensive in the east combined with offensive in the east combined with Western invasions of Sicily and Italy Western invasions of Sicily and Italy in 1943 and of France in 1944 to in 1943 and of France in 1944 to defeat Germany in May 1945. defeat Germany in May 1945.

By May 1945 American bombing and By May 1945 American bombing and submarine warfare devastated submarine warfare devastated Japan’s economy and supplies. Japan’s economy and supplies.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 Japan surrenders in JuneJapan surrenders in June

Chinese Civil War and Communist Chinese Civil War and Communist VictoryVictory

Civil War in ChinaCivil War in China Guomindang and Communists 1945-49Guomindang and Communists 1945-49 People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China

The Character of WarfareThe Character of Warfare

The War of ScienceThe War of Science

Enormous death toll and human Enormous death toll and human sufferingsuffering Change in moral valuesChange in moral values New technologiesNew technologies

Aircraft, synthetic rubber, radar, antibiotics, Aircraft, synthetic rubber, radar, antibiotics, missiles, atomic weaponsmissiles, atomic weapons

Bombing RaidsBombing Raids

Goal of bombing raidsGoal of bombing raids Massive raids in GermanyMassive raids in Germany

Remained loyalRemained loyal Japan devastatedJapan devastated

Wooden homesWooden homes TokyoTokyo

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

Nazi killings of civilians were part of a Nazi killings of civilians were part of a calculated policy of exterminating whole races calculated policy of exterminating whole races of people. of people.

JewsJews CitizenshipCitizenship GhettosGhettos Concentration campsConcentration camps

5 Million others5 Million others Polish Catholics, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Polish Catholics, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses,

Gypsies, blacks, liberals, communistsGypsies, blacks, liberals, communists

The Home Front in Europe and AsiaThe Home Front in Europe and Asia

Blur between “front” and “home Blur between “front” and “home front”front” Confiscation of landConfiscation of land Concentration campsConcentration camps

Improvements for womenImprovements for women

The Home Front in the United StatesThe Home Front in the United States

U.S. flourished during the warU.S. flourished during the war ProductionProduction Short supply in consumer goodsShort supply in consumer goods Postwar consumer boomPostwar consumer boom

Diversity in jobsDiversity in jobs MigrationMigration

OvercrowdingOvercrowding DiscriminationDiscrimination

Against African American and Mexican AmericanAgainst African American and Mexican American Japanese-Americans in internment campsJapanese-Americans in internment camps

War and the EnvironmentWar and the Environment

Depression v. WarDepression v. War Main cause of environmental stress Main cause of environmental stress

was economic developmentwas economic development Mining, industry, and loggingMining, industry, and logging