The CO Global Challenge Road Transports (re) evolution · 2017-07-11 · Global Challenge Road...

The CO2 Global Challenge

Road Transports (re) evolution

Carloandrea Malvicino

CO2 Emissions Reduction Strategies

Turin June 2017

Conclusions

• Road mobility and transport are globally asked to reduce of up to

30% the fuel consumption in the next 5 years and more stringent

regulation are incoming

• Thermal combustion engine will remain a crucial technology for at

least the next 10 -15 years while electrification will diffuse

progressively function of regional needs

• The Cost of the technologies will become even an more relevant issue

Key Issues and Enabling Factors

• Global Product and Technologies but adaptable to Regional needs

• Environmental, Economic and Social affordability

• Infrastructure development

• Thermal Management

6/15/2017 2017 International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive 2

CO2 Emission Reduction in the news

“Human activities contribute to climate

change by causing changes in Earth’s

atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse

gases, aerosols (small particles), and

cloudiness.” [European Environment Agency]

“In 2016…it was confirmed that

transport is the biggest source of

greenhouse gas emissions in Europe.” [ Transport&Environment, T&E]

United Nations Climate Change

Conference of the Parties - COP21 agreement to set a goal of limiting global

warming to less than 2 °C compared to pre-

industrial levels

“The largest known contribution comes

from the burning of fossil fuels, which

releases carbon dioxide gas to the

atmosphere.” [European Environment Agency]

COMMITTED TO SUSTAINABILITY

FCA included in the prestigious Dow Jones Sustainability Index World, as

well as the CDP Climate Performance Leadership Index (A list)


The Greenhouse Gases emissions reduction is a

Global Challenge

Road Vehicles Global CO2 emissions

http://www.theicct.org/blogs/staff/a-world-of-thoughts-on-phase-2


Road transports contribute to Global CO2

emission for about the 17%















Road Mobility Global Facts and Figures

In Use (10% renewal rate): 1,30 Billions Uts 2,15 Billions Uts https://www.statista.com/statistics/281134/number-of-vehicles-in-use-worldwide/

Energy Demand: 12’000 TWh 16’000 TWh https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/transportation.cfm

Fossil Fuel: 1’500 Billion Liter 1’750 Billion Liter https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy-economics/energy-outlook-2017

Electricity Prod.: 24’000 TWh 37’000 TWh https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/electricity.cfm

2040 2016


https://www.statista.com/statistics/281134/number-of-vehicles-in-use-worldwide/













https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/transportation.cfm




https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy-economics/energy-outlook-2017








Global Electric Energy Production Breakdown

Trillions

kWh

https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/electricity.cfm

The main electric energy source will remain based on fossil fuels

Without the improvement of conventional technologies the road transport

electrification can not dramatically reduce the Global CO2 emissions


World Fuel Scenario

The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040 - EXXON Mobil 2016

Internal Combustion Engines will remain by far even more

largely adopted for heavy duty vehicles where the majority

will be based on advanced diesel engines

Gasoline will remains the most diffused fuel

type being adopted also for hybrids.


Key elements to reduce the CO2 emissions

• Promote the effective use of existing vehicles supporting the

driver to operate efficiently the vehicle (e.g. Fiat EcoDrive)

• New Vehicles’ Efficiency increase

Reducing the vehicles motion resistance

Further improving the powertrain

• Promote the use of CO2 efficient fuels (e.g. CNG)

• Progressively increase the distance traveled not emitting fossil

CO2 at zero CO2 emissions electrification


Automotive Domain Characteristics,

Regulations and Scenario


The Automotive domain…

is characterised by different scenarios…

1.3 Billion of vehicles

world wide

(http://www.oica.net/category/vehicles-in-use/)

Renewal rate 10% ca.

…but a global market


• Increased complexity

• Higher energy consumption

• Increased weight

• Higher failure rates

• Higher costs

• …

…always in evolution…

• Reduced fatalities (-30%)

• Improved fuel economy (+30%)

•Reduced noxious emissions (- 95%)

• Increased comfort

• Better driveability

• …

Road fatalities in the EU since 2001


…and rules…

EU regulations

road map on

emissions

Designing the Future with "Clean Power" - Analysis and Strategic Solution Concepts on a Powertrain System Level - Dr.-Ing. Detlev Schöppe, Dr.-Ing. Hong Zhang,

Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Kapphan, Dipl.-Ing. Christof Schmidt - Continental, Regensburg, Germany - 21st Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology 2012


…even more severe on CO2


Targets set by Regulations

Based on data from http://www.theicct.org/global-pv-standards-chart-library

a on top to MAC and F Gas regulations

b credits are granted using low GWP refrigerants

a

a

b

The GHG (green House gases) emission reduction driven is worldwide

binding regulations

BETTER

ENVIRONMENTAL

PERFORMANCE

MORE VALUE TO THE

CUSTOMER, ATTRACT

NEW CUSTOMERS

IMPROVE

COMPETITIVENESS

STAND-OUT

AND WIN THE

COMPETITION

The scenario change implies also new opportunities


ECONOMICS


Fuel Consumption Saving Benefit Estimation

1% Fuel Saving 570 l/year 855 €/year

Traveled distance: 20’000 km/year

Fuel cost: 1,5 €/l

Fuel consumption: 8 l/100 km

Period: 3 Years

Data sources: EU Eco Innovations Technical Guidelines, Transport & Environment

1% Fuel saving 16l/year 24 €/year

Traveled distance: 150’000 km/year

Fuel cost: 1,5 €/l

Fuel consumption: 38l/100 km

Period: 3 Years

Heavy Duty Trucks

Average values

Passenger Cars

Average values


The recipe to achieve the CO2 compliance

17

Powertrain

Efficiency

Vehicle

Demand

Electrification

Powertrains Powertrain improvements

Stop/Start (ESS) Belt Starter Generator (BSG) Plug in Hybrid (PHEV) Full Battery Electric (BEV)

Aerodynamics Tire Rolling Resistance

Eco-innovations

Eco-innovations

The economic affordability is even more crucial


http://motorchase.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Fiat_GSE_engine_1.jpg

VDE improvement

On Board Energy Management

Powertrain Technologies Hybrids

Cost of the Improvements

Cost is a key element - Only technologies with a cost-benefit ratio

lower than 60 € /saved CO2 g (i.e. 1% improvement) are considered

prioritary in the passenger car domain

Cost – Benefit

Passenger Cars


To select the most appropriate technologies is crucial


Why Cost is so relevant?


Why the passenger car market is so challenging?

Named «Hi-TECH»

«Fast Food»


22 2017 International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive 6/15/2017

Electrification Enabling Factors


The role of Infrastructures

http://energy.sia-partners.com/sites/default/files/20160831_sia_partners_ev_charging_infrastructure_insight_vf3_0.pdf

Role of charging point density on number of electric

chargeable vehicles in Belgium (study):

• 1 Charging point each 10 vehicles

• 1 Fuel Station each 3500 vehicles (Germany)


On board thermal management

Thermal Comfort impact over a year on a Battery Electric Vehicle range:

electric range is highly affected thermal system energy demand in winter as

well as in summer from 10% up to the 40%.

To fulfill the thermal comfort requirements the range of an electric vehicle risks to

be seriously affected. The impact can be even more relevant if additional thermal

energy is required to manage the battery and electronics operation

Paris Seville

The effective thermal management is vital to ensure range, reliability and

lifetime on electric vehicles and requires a specific approach and new components

Conclusions

• Road mobility and transport are globally asked to reduce of up to

30% the fuel consumption in the next 5 years and more stringent

regulation are incoming

• Thermal combustion engine will remain a crucial technology for at

least the next 10 -15 years while electrification will diffuse

progressively function of regional needs

• The Cost of the technologies will become even an more relevant issue


Key Issues and Enabling Factors

• Global Product and Technologies but adaptable to Regional needs

• Environmental, Economic and Social affordability

• Infrastructure development

• Thermal Management

Contacts

Carloandrea Malvicino

EMEA Vehicle Safety and Regulation Compliance

CO2 Emissions Reduction Strategies

E-mail: [email protected]

FCA Italy S.p.A.

C.so Settembrini, 40 10135 Torino


The CO Global Challenge Road Transports (re) evolution · 2017-07-11 · Global Challenge Road...

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