The Cell Cycle & Cellular Division
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Transcript of The Cell Cycle & Cellular Division
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The Cell Cycle & Cellular Division
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I. Cell Division:
All _______ are derived from preexisting cells (Cell Theory).
_______________ is the process by which cells produce new cells.
cells
Cell division
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I. Cell Division:
Cells grow in number, NOT in size. Smaller cells more
efficient (cellular transport, cellular communication)
Easier to take in nutrients and get rid of wastes.
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How Often Do Cells Divide? Some cells must be repaired often such as
cells lining the ____________, ____________________, and ____________ with a short lifespan.
Other cells DO NOT divide at all after birth such as ________, nerve cells, _____________, and __________________.
intestines white blood cellsskin cells
muscle brain cellsfemale egg cells
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II. Reasons for Cell Division:Cell ________ ________ and _____________ of
damaged cell partsGrowth and development of an
________
growthRepa
irreplacement
embryo
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IV. Chromosomes & their Structure:The plans for making cells are coded
in _____.DNA, deoxyribose nucleic acid, is a
long, thin molecule that stores ___________________.
DNA is organized into giant molecules called ______________.
DNA
genetic information
chromosomes
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IV. Chromosomes & Their Structure: ________________ are
made of protein and a long, single, tightly-coiled DNA molecule visible only when the cell divides.
When a cell is NOT dividing the chromosome (DNA) is less visible and is called ___________.
Chromosomes
chromatin
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IV. Chromosomes & Their Structure: _____________ hold
duplicated chromoses together before they are separated in mitosis.
When DNA makes copies of itself before cell division, each half of the chromosome is called a __________________ Each sister chromatid contains
____________ genetic information.
Centromeres
sister chromatididentical
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VI. Cell Cycle & Cell Division: Eukaryotes (nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles) must be copied exactly so the two new cells formed division will be _______________ The original parent cell and two new
________________ must have IDENTICAL chromosomes.
Ex: Humans have 46 chromosomes in our _____________ (body cells). After one of these somatic cells goes through mitosis, two daughter cells are produced each having 46 chromosomes (genetically identical).
exactly alikedaughter cells
somatic cells
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VI. Cell Cycle & Cell Division:Both the nucleus (_________) and the
cytoplasm (_____________) must be divided during cell division in eukaryotes.
mitosiscytokinesis
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VI. Cell Cycle & Cell Division:Cells go through phases or a cell
cycle during their life before they divide to form new cells. Cell cycle is about _______ hours for
most animal cells. Cell cycle is controlled by proteins
and _________.
12-24
enzymes
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VI. Cell Cycle & Cell Division:The cell cycle includes 3 main parts -
- - ____________, _________, and _____________. _________ = nuclear division _____________ = division of cytoplasm
interphase
mitosiscytokinesi
smitosiscytokinesis
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A. Interphase:
Interphase is the _________ part of a cell’s life cycle and is called the “resting stage” because the cell isn’t dividing.
Animal Cell Plant Cell
nucleus
longest
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A. Interphase:
Divided into 3 stages:1) ____ (Gap 1) = cell is growing,
carrying out normal cell functions, preparing to replicate DNA.
- Cells mature and increase in size by making more ___________ & ____________
G1
cytoplasm
organelles
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A. Interphase:
2) ___ (synthesis) = DNA is copied or ___________
- DNA is in the form of ___________ (uncoiled DNA) and is NOT _________
Sreplicated
chromatin visible
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A. Interphase:
3) ____ (Gap 2) = cell prepares for nuclear division (mitosis)
- cell makes all the structures needed to ________
G2
divide
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B. 4 Stages of Mitosis:
Division of the nucleus or _________ occurs first.
Mitosis is an _________ method of reproduction Only _____ parent cell Daughter cells have SAME number of
_____________ (genetic info)Mitosis consists of 4 stages - - -
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
replicated
asexual
one
chromosomes
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1. Prophase:
_________ phase of MITOSISChromatin (______________)
condenses and coils into the form of chromosomes Chromosomes are visible (shaped like a “X”)
___________________ (half of a “X”) attach to each other by the ____________
Longestuncoiled DNA
Sister chromatids centrome
re
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1. Prophase:
Centrioles in animals cells move to opposite ends of cell.
Spindle forms from each centriole (ONLY in ________ cells) _______ cells ________ have centrioles
(spindle forms from a microtubule) __________________ dissolves
(disappears) ___________ disintegrates
animalPlant DO NOT
Nuclear membraneNucleolus
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1. Prophase:
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2. Metaphase:
__________ phase of MITOSISChromosomes line up in center or
_________ of the cellThe centromere of each chromosome
attaches to spindle fibers.
Shortestequator
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2. Metaphase:
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3. Anaphase:
Spindle fibers attached to the centriole pull the ___________________ apart at their centromere.
Separated chromosomes travel along the ________________ to the poles (ends) of the cell.
sister chromatid
spindle fibers
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3. Anaphase:
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4. Telophase:
__________________ forms at each end of the cell around the chromosomes.
___________ reformsSpindle fibers begin to break downChromosomes become less tightly
coiled and appear as ___________ again
Cytokinesis begins
Nuclear membraneNucleolus
chromatin
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4. Telophase:
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Mitosis Animation
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/mitosis.html
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C. Cytokinesis:
_____________ = division of the cytoplasm of the cell and its organelles separate into 2 new daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
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C. Cytokinesis:
In _________, a groove called the _________________ forms pinching the parent cell in two.
animals
cleavage furrow
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C. Cytokinesis:
In ________, a ____________ forms down the middle of the cell where the new __________ will be
plants cell plate cell wall
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C. Cytokinesis:
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VI. Cancer:
Cell division must be controlled, otherwise cell growth will occur without limit (cancer) _____ mutations lead to changes in the
proteins/enzymes that regulate the cell cycle
Cancerous Kidney Cells
DNA
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VI. Cancer:
________ = a cell or group of cells that grown out of control and create a tumor. Crowds out normal cells and results in
the loss of tissue function.Cancerous Kidney Cells
Cancer
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VI. Cancer:
_______ = mass of growing, unregulated cells 2 types of tumors:
1. ________ - tumor that does not spread
2. ___________ - tumor that spreads and destroys healthy tissue
Tumor
BenignMalignant
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Causes of Cancer:
__________ (family history) _________ _____________ (cancer causing
chemicals) _________:
HPV can lead to cancer of reproductive organs ___________:
Sunlight (UV) – skin cancer
GeneticsSmokingCarcinogensVirusesRadiation
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What phase of the cell cycle would this be?
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What phase of the cellcycle would this be?
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What phase of the cellcycle would this be?
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What phase of the cellcycle would this be?
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Can you identify 5 stages?
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Mitosis occurring in ANIMAL CELLS
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Mitosis occurring in PLANT CELLS
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