Cellular Transport And The Cell Cycle Chapter 8 Cellular Transport Cellular transport~ the...
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Transcript of Cellular Transport And The Cell Cycle Chapter 8 Cellular Transport Cellular transport~ the...
Cellular Transport And The Cell Cycle
Chapter 8
Cellular TransportCellular transport~ the “highway”of the cell. How substances move from one place to another throughout cells.Osmosis~ net movement of a solvent (H2O) through a selectively permeable membrane.Selectively permeable membrane~ a cell membrane that has control over what can enter and exit the cell.
Isotonic SolutionConcentration
level of the substance outside = concentration level of substances within the cellAllows Red Blood Cells to maintain shape.water in or out of cell at the same rate.
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Hypertonic solutionConcentration
of the substance outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell. Cell shrivelsWater moves out of a cell
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Hypotonic solution
Concentration level of substance outside the cell
< concentration level of substances within the cell. Cells burst if hypotonic Water moves
into a cell www.biologycorner.com/resources
Cell Transport…Passive transport~ solvent moves from high to low across concentration gradient under its own power, passive transport is a form of diffusion. NO ENERGY USEDForms of passive transport include facilitated diffusion, diffusion, osmosis.Water, lipids (fats) and lipid soluble substances are some compounds that can be diffused through the plasma membrane by diffusion.
Cell Transport…
Facilitated diffusion – Cell exerts no energy
o Proteins help to move substances through plasma membrane. ( figure 8-5)
o The most common solvents moved by F.D. are sugars and amino acids. F.D. uses the concentration gradient.Proteins provide needed paths and openings to allow particles to pass through.
Cell transport…Active transport- The cell exerts all the energy to produce the transport. And move it across its concentration gradientIn order for active transport to occur a special transport protein called a carrier protein must attach to a particle from the substance. (figure 8-6) Active transport allows movement into and out of the cell, against the concentration gradient.
Cell transport…
Endocytosis~ engulfs materials and than moves them into cell for processing. Material doesn’t pass directly through membrane.
Exocytosis~ removes waste by merging with cells and kicking waste out to extra cellular fluid. (Figure 8.7)8.78-7)
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Cell Growth and Reproduction.
Cell size is influenced by:1. Diffusion affects cell size because as the cell is larger it takes longer for the process to be finished. 2. DNA affects cell size because some cells have an increased amount of cytoplasm 3. SA-VR affects the cell size because a cells volume increases faster than the surface area.
Cell Reproduction…
Cell reproduction occurs from a pre-existing cell.The Process that this occurs is cell division.Cell division results in two cells that are identical to the original cell. The most prevalent cells to regenerate are skin cells. All worn tissue gets replaced with new cells or repaired. ( pg.209)
Cell Growth and ReproductionThe cell cycle is the sequence of growth and division of a cell. The cell goes through two general phases, growth and division.Interphase~ longest phase ,a cell grows in size and carries out metabolism, also this is when chromosomes (DNA material) are duplicated.Mitosis is the phase following interphase. During mitosis two daughter cells are formed, each having all of its chromosomes, these two phases are the main phases of the cell cycle.
Why do cells divide by Mitosis?
Growth &Repair
Reproduction of single celled organisms
constant environment Amobea
Reproducing
Cells dividing by Mitosis…….
Identical to original cellSame chromosome #Identical chromosome makeup
Skin
Cell Cycle
24 hours
“G” or Growth 1 phase
“S” or DNASynthesis
Growth 2
“M” orMitosisphase
///
Where is DNA located?1. Nucleus
2. ChromosomesDNA
Duplicated Chromosome(Late Interphase):
SisterChromatids
Centromere
Spindle & spindle fibers: Pull apart the sister chromatids
Spindle fibers
Interphase
Intermission
Normal metabolic activities
Major state
DNA=
chromatin
Late Interphase
Prepares for mitosisDNA doubles=Sister chromatidsCentrioles double in animals
Stages of Mitotic Cell Division
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
“1st”“middle”“apart”“far” or separate
ProphaseNuclear membrane disappears
Doubled DNA = condensed
“chromosomes”
Spindle fibers
Metaphase
Chrom-osomes line up mid- cell
Facing inward
Anaphase
Chromosomes move to opposite poles at
Centrioles in
animals
Spindle apparatus in plants
TelophaseCells divideChromosomes unwindCell plate or membranes formNucleus reappears
Animal Telophase
Interphase
Returns to Interphase
“Intermission”Normal metabolic activitiesMajor state DNA=chromatin
Plant versus Animal Mitosis
Plant:
Cell wall form
cell plate in telophase
Spindles
Animal:
No cell wall
membrane cytokinesis
Centrioles
Cell Growth and Reproduction…
Cytokinesis- process in which cytoplasm divides.I- InterphaseP- ProphaseM- MitosisA- AnaphaseT- Telephase a good way to remember the phases of cell cycle is CIPMAT.ICIPPMAT.
Control of Cell Cycle
Enzymes control the cell cycle. Certain enzymes are important to begin and keep the cell cycle going, while certain enzymes only control certain phases.Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell division. During uncontrolled cell division certain enzymes are not present or were not produced or environmental changes.Enzymes are directed by genes located on chromosomes.
Cancerous cells……...
1.Divide too many times
2.Divide into more than two cells!
Masses of cells =
“tumors” benign malignant
Mitosis Flip Book
Make two index cards for each phase of mitosis – ex. Early and late prophase, early and late metaphase etc….
Color and Label each part of the cell: Chromatin, sister chromatids, centromere, spindle, cell membrane
Make one index card for interphase
Describe each phase on the back of each index card