The Catholic Church in the Middle Ages
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Transcript of The Catholic Church in the Middle Ages
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The Catholic Church in the Middle Ages
Violence, Influence, and Beauty
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Why was it so powerful?
1. It owned land2. It was rich-tithes, gifts3. It excommunicated
people4. It could not be
controlled by the King
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Benefits from the Church
Provide Education
Give people hope and sense of
security
Help the Poor and Sick
Give structure to society
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Cathedrals became very important. Why?•Showed the Church was center of life•Showed the Church was blessed by God•They were built by the community and became a unifying project. •They were beautiful and displayed local art and sculpture•They gave people a place to feel hope and inspiration•They revealed the power and wealth of the Church
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How does architecture change in the Middle Ages?
•Style switch from Romanesque to Gothic Style
•The Gothic style occurs as the Church’s power and wealth increases in the High Middle Ages.
•Some people see the Gothic style as a symbol of the Church’s extravagance.
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What is the typical shape of many Cathedrals?
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Romanesque Style
ArchitectureEarly Middle Ages
•Rounded Arches•Barrel Vaults•Thick Walls•Dark Simple interiors•Small windows
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Gothic Style ArchitectureThe High Middle Ages•Pointed Arches•High Narrow Vaults•Thinner Walls•Flying Buttresses•Elaborate, Ornate interiors•Stained Glass Windows
Click icon to add picture
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Pointed Arches The Arch bore more of the
weight than the walls Therefore, the walls could
be thinner The roof was higher and
the interior was more open
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Q: What is a Flying Buttress?A: A support that connected inner walls to outer towers
Q: Why are they important?A: They support the walls so they can be higher and thinner
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Which style is it?
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What was on the outside of Gothic
Cathedrals?Gargoyles:Grotesque Monsters
Why? Rain spoutsAND to protect the Church from evil
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Ornate Decorations
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Q: What was the inside the Cathedral like?A: Tall, open, full of light and color
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Images in the Church
The Use of Paintings and Stained Glass
Q: Why were pictures so important?
A: Most people were illiterate so the Church used images to teach about the Bible, the danger of Hell, and the importance of the Saints.
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Stained Glass Windows
Thinner walls allowed beautiful windows Colors made from plants, shells, dyes mixed into the
glass Pictures were from Biblical stories or were about
famous leaders and important people from the time
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The “Poor Man’s Bible” window at CanterburyCathedral 13th century
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A wall sized mural on Chaldon Church in England.
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A demon pulling people off the ladder
An angel helping people up the ladder
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Evil doers being put into a pot of boiling water
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A bridge of spikes for dishonest tradesmen
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Review: Cathedrals With your table discuss why Cathedrals were
so important in the Middle Ages
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Illuminated Manuscripts
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What is an illumination?
•An Embellishment (decoration) added•the pages of a manuscript
•Comes from illuminate which means •to fill with light.
•Letters were covered with Gold Leaf which made them appear to glow.
•Typically the first letter of a page or paragraph
•Surrounded by plants, flowers, or mythical figures
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Why were illuminations important?
•Done by Monks and kept in Cathedrals
•Often upon request from the King to show importance of document
•Great beauty and wealth
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Relics and Pilgrimages•People travel to see items belonging to Christ or Saints
•(Wood from the Cross, Bones, Hair, Cloth, Crucifix)
•Had Special Powers—Healing, Forgiveness
•Items kept in Churches and Cathedrals
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Santiago de Compostela
•Spain•Remains of St. James
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CanterburyTomb of Saint Thomas Becket
Cloth soaked in his blood
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Results of Pilgrimages•Growth of Cathedrals and Shrines
•Growth of Towns
•Growth of Travel and Tourism
•Growth of Tolerance
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The Crusades:1095-1290 2 Centuries of Religious
War
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The Byzantine Empire•Eastern Half of the Roman Empire—split in 330AD
•Still prospered until1100 while rest of empire broke into European Countries (Dark Ages)
•Situated between Europe and the Islamic World
•Capital was Constantinople
•Christian but Eastern Orthodox, not Roman Catholic. Therefore, not under control of the Pope
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What was the problem for the
Byzantine Empire?
• The Seljuk Turks were invading
• The Turks restricted pilgrimages to the Holy
Land
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How do the Crusades Begin?•Byzantines cry HELP!!
•Pope Urban II agrees.
•Why?
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Look at the sources on page
195 and see if you can
determine all the reasons people
responded to the Pope’s request
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Reasons from the Sources
Help protect your brothers from the evil Muslims Jerusalem needs to be rescued Sins would immediately be forgiven Stop fighting each other, fight the Muslims Better land and the chance to get rich
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Other reasons to help the Byzantine Empire
Unite Western Europe in a common cause with the Pope as the leader
The Holy Land and the Byzantine Empire controlled prosperous trade routes
Protect Christendom from the Spread of Islam
Eastern Orthodox Church was a rival of the Catholic Church
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How did the Church convince people to go fight for the First
Crusade?
Free from Penance and a sure spot in Heaven
Sell it as a ‘Pilgrimage’
“God Wills It”
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Why did people really go?
•Religious Reasons
•To Get Rich
•To See the World
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First Crusade: Christians Capture
Jerusalem1. Examine the sources on page 196-197 and see if you can determine the reasons the Christians were successful.
2. Also, according to the sources, how did manyChristians act on this Crusade?
3. How believable are all of these sources? For each source, discuss one reason the report might be biased.
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How many Crusades are there?
8• Christians capture Jerusalem in
the 1st, Lose it by the 3rd• Set up 4 Crusader States that
they rule for awhile• Never win anything else
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Crusade or Invasion? Muslims and Christians did (and some still
do) have different opinions about the Crusades. Look at the textbook excerpts on page 200. Answer the 3 questions in the yellow box.
Make a prediction: Who benefitted most from the Crusades—the Christians in Europe or the Muslims in the Middle East? What are some ways both cultures might have changed because of 200 years of religious war?
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Were the Muslims and Christians fighting for the entire 200 years?
Look at the sources on page 200 and 201. How did Muslims and Christians live together in the years between the Crusades?
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Were the Crusades good or bad?
Bad 1 million Dead Strengthens Religious
Intolerance Speeds the end of the
Islamic Renaissance Black Death
Good Opens trade Returns knowledge and
learning to the West Returns Science and
invention to the West Speeds the beginning of
Europe’s Renaissance
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The Inquisition
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Process of the Inquisition
2. Trial
4. Punishment
1. Investigation
3. Torture