The Middle Ages Western Europe. The Roman Catholic Church.
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Transcript of The Middle Ages Western Europe. The Roman Catholic Church.
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The Middle AgesThe Middle AgesWestern EuropeWestern Europe
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The Roman Catholic The Roman Catholic ChurchChurch
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The ChurchThe Church
Controlled:Controlled: spiritual life of Christiansspiritual life of Christians secularsecular life of citizenslife of citizens
Taught:Taught: Canon law (church law) & pope Canon law (church law) & pope
must be obeyed at all times!must be obeyed at all times!
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PUNISHMENTS:PUNISHMENTS:
ExcommunicationExcommunication (individuals)(individuals)•Ø Ø Christian burialChristian burial
•Ø Ø communioncommunion
Interdict Interdict (entire kingdoms)(entire kingdoms)•Ø Ø Christian burialChristian burial
•Ø Ø communioncommunion
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ResultsResults
No chance for No chance for HeavenHeaven
Eternity in HellEternity in Hell
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MonarchiesMonarchies
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MonarchiesMonarchies
William the Conqueror (1066)William the Conqueror (1066)– Taxation SystemTaxation System– TreasuryTreasury
Henry II (1154)Henry II (1154)– Common law (based on custom)Common law (based on custom)– Jury system (forerunner of today’sJury system (forerunner of today’s Grand Jury)Grand Jury)
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MonarchiesMonarchies
King John (Henry’s son)King John (Henry’s son)
– Abused his powerAbused his power
– Required to sign theRequired to sign the Magna Magna CartaCarta (“Great(“Great Charter”)Charter”)
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Magna CartaMagna Carta Required king to Required king to obey the lawobey the law
Established “due process”= Established “due process”= Ø arrest Ø arrest without proper legal procedureswithout proper legal procedures
Habeas corpus=Habeas corpus=protection from protection from imprisonment without being charged imprisonment without being charged with a crimewith a crime
Established Established Parliament=English Parliament=English legislaturelegislature
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MonarchiesMonarchies
Louis IX: Louis IX: King of France (1266)King of France (1266)
– Outlawed private warsOutlawed private wars– Ended serfdomEnded serfdom
– Expanded French kingdomExpanded French kingdom– Persecuted heretics & JewsPersecuted heretics & Jews
– Led crusades against MuslimsLed crusades against Muslims
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Jews in EuropeJews in Europe
Jewish communities Jewish communities
existed all over Europeexisted all over Europe
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Jews in Middle Ages…Jews in Middle Ages…
By late 1000s, By late 1000s, prejudice against prejudice against them increased…them increased…persecutedpersecuted
Church wouldn’t Church wouldn’t allow Jews to own allow Jews to own land orland or
have certain jobshave certain jobs
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Muslims & the Muslims & the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
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Muslims & the Muslims & the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
Turkish-speaking nomadsTurkish-speaking nomads
Expanded into Asia Minor & the Expanded into Asia Minor & the Balkan Peninsula.Balkan Peninsula.
NOT Arabs, but Turks.NOT Arabs, but Turks.
MuslimsMuslims
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Muslims & the Muslims & the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
1453, captured 1453, captured ConstantinopleConstantinople
Renamed it Istanbul—became Renamed it Istanbul—became their capital.their capital.
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Muslims & the Muslims & the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
1520-1566: 1520-1566:
Ottoman’s Ottoman’s “Golden “Golden
Age” Age”
under Emperor under Emperor
Suleiman.Suleiman.
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Suleiman:Suleiman:
Had absolute powerHad absolute power Expanded the empire into Expanded the empire into
Asia, Africa, and EuropeAsia, Africa, and Europe Based the Ottoman justice Based the Ottoman justice
system on the Sharia—Muslim system on the Sharia—Muslim lawlaw
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Ottoman Empire…Ottoman Empire…
Top 2 social classes:Top 2 social classes:– Military menMilitary men– Intellectuals such as lawyers and Intellectuals such as lawyers and
scientistsscientists Used the Jewish community’s Used the Jewish community’s
international banking connectioninternational banking connection Captured young Captured young Christian boysChristian boys & &
made them made them convertsconverts. Trained . Trained them as them as JanissariesJanissaries to serve in to serve in the military.the military.
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Ottoman culture:Ottoman culture:
Great paintersGreat painters
PoetsPoets
ArchitectsArchitects
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Muslims & the Ottoman Empire: Muslims & the Ottoman Empire: Why is it significant?Why is it significant?
Located at the crossroads of the known world Located at the crossroads of the known world
↓↓
Blocked the path of Europeans trying to get to Blocked the path of Europeans trying to get to
Asia to trade. Asia to trade. ↓↓ Prompted Europeans to search for another route Prompted Europeans to search for another route
to Asia to Asia ↓↓
Sea exploration ensued Sea exploration ensued ↓↓ Columbus discovers AmericaColumbus discovers America
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The CrusadesThe Crusades
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The Crusades…The Crusades…
Series of wars: 1099-1202Series of wars: 1099-1202 Christians v. MuslimsChristians v. Muslims
GOAL:GOAL: Free the Holy Land of Free the Holy Land of MuslimsMuslims
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Effects ofEffects of The The Crusades…Crusades…
Only 1Only 1stst crusades was crusades was successful for Christianssuccessful for Christians
Massive losses on both sidesMassive losses on both sides Death & DestructionDeath & Destruction Opened a wider world to Opened a wider world to
Europeans by introducing them Europeans by introducing them to new placesto new places
Increased the pace of change.Increased the pace of change.
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The Reconquista & The Reconquista & InquistionInquistion
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The Reconquista & The Reconquista & InquistionInquistion
ReconquistaReconquista (1100 A.D.)=(1100 A.D.)=Christian Christian
campaign to drive the campaign to drive the Muslims out of Spain.Muslims out of Spain.
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The Spanish The Spanish InquisitionInquisition
1469: Isabella & Ferdinand1469: Isabella & Ferdinand
Brutal campaign to against Muslims & Brutal campaign to against Muslims & Jews.Jews.
Those found guilty of heresy were Those found guilty of heresy were burned at stake.burned at stake.
Over 150,000 people, mostly Over 150,000 people, mostly Muslims & Jews, fled, taking their Muslims & Jews, fled, taking their skills and knowledge with them.skills and knowledge with them.
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The Black DeathThe Black Death
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100 Years War100 Years War
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100 Years War: 100 Years War: 1377-14531377-1453
France vs. BritainFrance vs. Britain
Wanted control of lands in Wanted control of lands in France that had once France that had once belonged to England, the belonged to England, the English Channel & regional English Channel & regional trade.trade.
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New technology: New technology: LongbowLongbow
Helped England to win Helped England to win early victories.early victories.
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Joan of Arc: MartyrJoan of Arc: Martyr
17 years-old17 years-old Claimed that God spoke directly Claimed that God spoke directly
to her.to her. Considered a heretic by Church in Considered a heretic by Church in
EnglandEngland
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Joan of Arc: MartyrJoan of Arc: Martyr
Burned at the stake for her beliefsBurned at the stake for her beliefs
Her sacrifice rallied the French Her sacrifice rallied the French who then won the war.who then won the war.