The Byzantine Empire, Russia, and Eastern EuropeThe Byzantine Empire, Russia, and Eastern Europe ....
Transcript of The Byzantine Empire, Russia, and Eastern EuropeThe Byzantine Empire, Russia, and Eastern Europe ....
The Byzantine Empire,
Russia, and Eastern Europe
Constantinople
• New Rome
• Crossroads of sea
and land trade routes
• Links Europe and
Asia
• Constantine rebuilt
Byzantium; renamed
it
• Survives for 1000
years after Rome
Sunset on the Golden Horn
Byzantium Under Justinian
• 527-565; autocrat
• Reconquers North
Africa, Italy, and the
southern Iberian
Peninsula
• Rebuilds
Constantinople
• Hagia Sophia
• Corpus Juris Civilis
Justinian 527-564
Hagia Sophia
Threats to the Empire
• Economic and military strength second to none; but by 700 Arabs threaten the empire
• Christianity official religion; east is different than west
• The Great Schism divides the church
Crisis and Collapse
• Seljuk Turks block
pilgrimage routes to
Jerusalem
• 1090s Emperor asks
for help to fight them
• First Crusade
• 1204 Venetian traders
have knights attack
Constantinople
Constantinople Falls
• Western Christians rule for 57 years
• 1260 Byzantines reclaim the city
• 1453 Ottoman Turks surround the city
• The siege lasts two months
• Renamed Istanbul; becomes capital of Ottoman Empire
Byzantine Heritage
• Fall of Constantinople marks the end of an age
• For 1000 years they had built on Roman and Hellenistic culture
• They preserved the classic works of ancient Greece and Rome
The Rise of Russia
• Eurasian plain; Europe to China
• Ural Mountains
• Three zones; the northern forests, the Ukraine, southern steppe
• Rivers linked Russia and Byzantium
• ‘Third Rome’
The First Russian State
• Kiev center of first Russian state; trade
• Early Slavs and Vikings migrate here during Roman times
• 862 Rurik of the Rus rules in Novgorod
• Trade brings the Byzantines
• Christianity, Cyrillic
• Close ties between church and state
Eastern Orthodoxy
Byzantine Influences
Cyrillic Alphabet Novgorod
The Mongols
• 1236-1241 Batu leads the Golden Horde into Russia
• Loot and burn Kiev
• Russian princes acknowledge them pay tribute
• Absolute, centralized power; convert to Islam; cut Russia off from Europe
Moscow Rises
• Princes of Moscow tribute collectors under the Mongols
• City located near important river trade routes
• 1380 they defeat the Golden Horde
• Ivan the Great (tsar)
• Ivan the Terrible
Eastern Europe
• Buffer and crossroads between Central Europe and Russia
• The Balkan Peninsula
• From the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean
• European Plain; rivers
• Influenced by the Byzantines and Ottomans
Migrations and Diversity
• Geography leads to easy migration
• West Slavs spread out into Czech and Slovak Republics; Poland
• South Slavs occupy the Balkans; Serbs, Croats, Slovenes
• Christians, Muslims, Jews also influence region
Provinces of Serbian
peoples c.1097 AD
Three Early Kingdoms
• Poland; Roman Catholic; political power shifts to nobles and the diet
• Hungary; Magyars; Golden Bull 1222 limits royal power
• Balkan Kingdom; Serbs; Orthodox Christianity; fall to the Ottomans