The Byzantine Empire and Russia. The Byzantine Empire ► Objectives Identify the factors that...
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Transcript of The Byzantine Empire and Russia. The Byzantine Empire ► Objectives Identify the factors that...
The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire and Russiaand Russia
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire
►ObjectivesObjectives Identify the factors that contributed to the Identify the factors that contributed to the
growth & strength of the Byzantine Empiregrowth & strength of the Byzantine Empire Explain how the Christian church came to Explain how the Christian church came to
be dividedbe divided Analyze the cultural contributions made by Analyze the cultural contributions made by
the Byzantinesthe Byzantines Explain the factors that contributed to the Explain the factors that contributed to the
down fall of the Byzantine Empiredown fall of the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire► Strong/Centralized GovernmentStrong/Centralized Government► Officials were skilled, efficient, well paidOfficials were skilled, efficient, well paid► Created alliances through marriagesCreated alliances through marriages► Military forces well trained, Military forces well trained,
weapons/armor well designedweapons/armor well designed Greek FireGreek Fire- chemical weapon of the - chemical weapon of the
Navy, liquid that burst into flamesNavy, liquid that burst into flames► Constantinople Constantinople
Capitol, heart of Byzantine Capitol, heart of Byzantine government, religion, culturegovernment, religion, culture
location allowed control of sea trade location allowed control of sea trade routes between Europe and Asiaroutes between Europe and Asia
Byzantine Culture
► Architecture Built the Hagia Sophia…a church Byzantines were the 1st to solve the issue of putting a
dome over a rectangular building
The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire► Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and Theodora
Greatest rulers of the Greatest rulers of the Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
Conquered and reunited Conquered and reunited parts of Western Roman parts of Western Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire to Byzantine Empire Empire
After Nika Revolt – began After Nika Revolt – began building program that building program that made Constantinople the made Constantinople the richest, most beautiful city richest, most beautiful city in the worldin the world
The Byzantine Empire - The Byzantine Empire - JustinianJustinian
► Justinian Justinian Ordered collection and Ordered collection and
organization of all Roman organization of all Roman manuscripts and lawsmanuscripts and laws
Published book called the Published book called the Digest which Digest which summarized Roman legal summarized Roman legal opinionsopinions
Established Law Established Law Institutes- to teach and Institutes- to teach and guide for law studentsguide for law students
Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire► Justinian Code was a collection of Roman Justinian Code was a collection of Roman
lawslaws Justinian’s greatest achievement Justinian’s greatest achievement Formed basis of Byzantine lawFormed basis of Byzantine law Provided framework for many European Provided framework for many European
legal systemslegal systems Preserved Roman idea that people Preserved Roman idea that people
should be ruled by laws, not by leaders should be ruled by laws, not by leaders whimswhims
Byzantine Empire - TheodoraByzantine Empire - Theodora
► Co-Ruler/Wife of JustinianCo-Ruler/Wife of Justinian► Encouraged Justinian to Encouraged Justinian to
increase women's rightsincrease women's rights► Altered divorce laws, Altered divorce laws,
allowed Christian women allowed Christian women to own propertyto own property
► Abolish the executions of Abolish the executions of women caught in adultery women caught in adultery
► Created safe houses for Created safe houses for former prostitutes former prostitutes
Byzantine Empire - TheodoraByzantine Empire - Theodora
►Greatest Moment Greatest Moment Theodora’s Theodora’s courageous courageous speech saved speech saved their throne their throne and ended the and ended the Nika revoltNika revolt
The Christian ChurchRoman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox
Clergy No Married Priests Married Priest allowed
Icons No icons allowedIcons rejected at first then later accepted
Leadership
Roman Pope was supreme church
authority
Patriarch of Constantinople
TrinityAccepted Holy
Trinity
Believed God the Father was more
important than the Son or Holy Spirit
The Christian Church► Two united parts to Christian Church – Western Roman
Catholic + Eastern Greek Orthodox
► The Great Schism, A.D. 1054
► Iconoclastic Controversy was a battle about the use of
icons between Western Roman Catholics who were against
icons and Eastern Greek Orthodox followers who were
icons
► Main disagreement – Who rules Christian Church, the Pope
from Rome or the Patriarch from Constantinople
The Decline of the Byzantine Empire
► After Justinian died the empire was weakened and taken
over by various groups from different locations
The Seljuiq Turks capture of Asia Minor affected the
empire because it was a source for food and soldiers.
Western Roman Empire helped regain Constantinople
but later captured the city during the Crusade Era
► The Byzantine Empire fell, was conquered by the
Ottoman Turks when the Constantinople fell in A.D.
1453.
The Rise of Russia►Objectives
Describe how Byzantine missionaries - sent to
the city of Kiev – brought Orthodox Christianity
and Byzantine culture to Russia
Describe how the Mongols [Golden Horde]
influenced how Russia rulers ruled
Describe Ivan the Great incorporated Byzantine
customs and traditions in his government
Geography of Russia
► Ural Mountains serve as a border between Europe and Asia
► The steppe covers the southern part of the great plains of Russia
► Rivers crisscross the plain to provide transportation
► Eastern Europe primarily populated by the Slavs
► Volga River and valley – location of first Russia cities - Kiev
Kievan Russia► Cities of Kiev and
Novgorod lie along the Viking trade route
► City of Kiev prospered- location as trade route between Constantinople and the Baltic Sea
► Kiev served as the capital of Russian Empire for 300 years
Kievan Religion► Missionaries from the Byzantine
Empire brought Christianity to the area
► Vladimir I- 1st Russian ruler to convert to Christianity
► Ordered Kievan Russia to become Eastern Greek Orthodox Christian NOT
Western Roman Catholic Christian► Russia’s religious writings,
singing, art, and architecture dominated
by Byzantine Empire’s culture
Byzantine Culture► Cyril and Methodius
[Byzantine Missionaries] created the Cyrillic alphabet to teach the Bible to Slavs
► Byzantine Art copied by Russians Religion was the main
subject Murals, Paintings, icons, and
mosaics Location of image important Helped people look toward
the afterlife
Russia and the Mongols
►Objectives
Identify the ways in which Mongol rule
affected Kievan Russia.
Describe the effects of Moscow’s growing
power and independence.
Attacks on Kiev
► Reasons for decline
Declined due to infighting among Kievan rulers
Competition with Italian city-states that
developed new trade routes
The sacking of Kiev by various Russian rulers
Mongol Invasion – the Golden Horde conquered
Russia
Kievan under the Mongols► Ruled from 1240 to about 1500
► Mongols [called Golden Horde] Gained wealth by taxing heavily
► Used peasants for labor for projects
► Mongol [Golden Horde] influence
Built roads to improve transportation
Customs, traditions, behavior, and some language entered Russian Society
How the Mongols ruled Russia was copied by later Russian Rulers – centralized, absolute power in hands of one ruler
Moscow – “Third Rome” Moscow – “Third Rome”
► Became the center of the Orthodox Church after the Became the center of the Orthodox Church after the
fall of Constantinople in A.D. 1453fall of Constantinople in A.D. 1453
► Made Russia more like the Byzantine EmpireMade Russia more like the Byzantine Empire
► Elaborate dome churches and other types of Elaborate dome churches and other types of
Byzantine architectureByzantine architecture
► Ivan the Great - thought churches would inspire Ivan the Great - thought churches would inspire
people & make Russia the spiritual light to the whole people & make Russia the spiritual light to the whole
world.world.
Rise of MoscowRise of Moscow► Prince Ivan I or Ivan the GreatPrince Ivan I or Ivan the Great► Head of the Orthodox Church moved to Head of the Orthodox Church moved to
capitol of Russia from Kiev to Moscowcapitol of Russia from Kiev to Moscow► Ivan the Great Ivan the Great
Took control and power away from Took control and power away from the Mongolsthe Mongols
Established independent state of Established independent state of RussiaRussia
Began absolute monarchy in RussiaBegan absolute monarchy in Russia Copied Byzantine government Copied Byzantine government
structure, customs, and traditionsstructure, customs, and traditions