The Beginning of World War II Chapter 28. objectives By the end of this chapter, you will be able to...

The Beginning of The Beginning of World War IIWorld War II

Chapter 28Chapter 28

objectivesobjectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able By the end of this chapter, you will be able toto

Name the causes of World War IIName the causes of World War II Tell how Hitler became the dictator of Tell how Hitler became the dictator of

GermanyGermany Tell what happened to Europe in the early Tell what happened to Europe in the early

years of World War IIyears of World War II Explain why the United States joined the War Explain why the United States joined the War

World War IIWorld War II

World War II began in Europe in 1939. World War II began in Europe in 1939. By the time the war ended in 1945, By the time the war ended in 1945, about 17 million soldiers from all over about 17 million soldiers from all over the world had been killed. More the world had been killed. More Americans died in World War II than Americans died in World War II than any other war in the twentieth any other war in the twentieth century.century.

World War IIWorld War II

Allies► The United Kingdom

Canada India Australia England

► The United States► China► The Soviet Union► France► Vietnam

Axis► Germany► Bulgaria► Romania► Italy► Japan

This war is called a “world” war because so many This war is called a “world” war because so many countries fought in it. The war was fought all over countries fought in it. The war was fought all over the world. The following are just some of the the world. The following are just some of the countries that joined the war:countries that joined the war:

The Causes of World War IIThe Causes of World War II

►The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles►DictatorsDictators►Nationalism & ImperialismNationalism & Imperialism►MilitarismMilitarism


The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty that The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty that ended World War I. Although this treaty ended ended World War I. Although this treaty ended the first war, it created many problems that the first war, it created many problems that led to the second world war. Germany was led to the second world war. Germany was not happy with it because it blamed them for not happy with it because it blamed them for WWI. Germany was punished. They had to WWI. Germany was punished. They had to pay billions of dollars in reparations. Germany pay billions of dollars in reparations. Germany also lost most of its land and was not allowed also lost most of its land and was not allowed to have a military. This treaty left Germany to have a military. This treaty left Germany angry after the war. Many German people angry after the war. Many German people wanted to get their country back. Some even wanted to get their country back. Some even wanted revenge.wanted revenge.


Another cause of Word War II was the rise of Another cause of Word War II was the rise of dictators. During the 1930s, dictators dictators. During the 1930s, dictators came to power in many nations around came to power in many nations around the world because of the economic the world because of the economic problems in their countries. Many people problems in their countries. Many people didn’t have any jobs or food. They chose didn’t have any jobs or food. They chose dictators because they wanted strong dictators because they wanted strong leaders that could solve their countries’ leaders that could solve their countries’ problems. These dictators had total problems. These dictators had total power. A government with total power is power. A government with total power is called Totalitarianism.called Totalitarianism.


Nationalism and imperialism also caused Nationalism and imperialism also caused WWII. During the 1930s, nationalism WWII. During the 1930s, nationalism and imperialism grew in Germany, and imperialism grew in Germany, Italy, and Japan. These countries Italy, and Japan. These countries wanted to become more important. wanted to become more important. They wanted to control other countries They wanted to control other countries so they could get more raw materials so they could get more raw materials and markets to sell products in.and markets to sell products in.


Militarism was another cause. During the Militarism was another cause. During the 1930s, militarism became very common. 1930s, militarism became very common. People believed that war could help People believed that war could help their countries. They believed that a big their countries. They believed that a big military was good to have. Italy, military was good to have. Italy, Germany, and Japan built bigger Germany, and Japan built bigger militaries. They made bigger ships, militaries. They made bigger ships, better planes, and better tanks. Each better planes, and better tanks. Each country wanted to have the best military country wanted to have the best military to show that they were the best.to show that they were the best.

Memory checkMemory check

►Name the four causes of World War II.Name the four causes of World War II.►Define or describe each cause.Define or describe each cause.►Explain how each led to the war.Explain how each led to the war.

The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators

Benito Mussolini became the Benito Mussolini became the dictator of Italy in 1922. dictator of Italy in 1922. He promised to bring order, He promised to bring order, prosperity, and jobs to the prosperity, and jobs to the people of Italy. He was the people of Italy. He was the leader of the Fascist Party. leader of the Fascist Party. Fascists wanted a strong Fascists wanted a strong government. They wanted government. They wanted to make Italy into an to make Italy into an empire like Rome was. empire like Rome was. They believed the They believed the government should control government should control everything, but they hated everything, but they hated communism.communism.

The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of DictatorsJoseph Stalin became the Joseph Stalin became the

dictator of the Soviet Union in dictator of the Soviet Union in 1929. The Russians had 1929. The Russians had finished their communist finished their communist revolution and a long civil war. revolution and a long civil war. They didn’t want any more They didn’t want any more revolutions or civil war. They revolutions or civil war. They wanted a strong government wanted a strong government that could make communism that could make communism successful. Stalin promised successful. Stalin promised the people that he would the people that he would make communism succeed. make communism succeed. Stalin controlled everything. Stalin controlled everything. Stalin killed anyone who Stalin killed anyone who criticized him. He killed criticized him. He killed millions of people.millions of people.


Adolf Hitler became the Adolf Hitler became the dictator of Germany in dictator of Germany in the 1930s. He was the the 1930s. He was the leader of the NAZI Party. leader of the NAZI Party. Germans originally Germans originally chose him to lead their chose him to lead their country because he country because he promised to stop crime, promised to stop crime, make the economy make the economy better, stand up for better, stand up for Germany, and protect Germany, and protect then from communism.then from communism.

The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of DictatorsHitler became dictator by tricking Hitler became dictator by tricking

the German people. When he the German people. When he was Chancellor, a fire burned was Chancellor, a fire burned down the Reichstag building. This down the Reichstag building. This was the building for the German was the building for the German government. Hitler was the only government. Hitler was the only government Germany had left. government Germany had left. So, he declared a “State of So, he declared a “State of Emergency” and promised to Emergency” and promised to protect Germany from the protect Germany from the “terrorists”, “foreigners”, “Jews”, “terrorists”, “foreigners”, “Jews”, and “communists” that he and “communists” that he claimed had burned down the claimed had burned down the Reichstag. He made a strong Reichstag. He made a strong police force called the SS. They police force called the SS. They arrested many people to arrested many people to “protect” Germany.“protect” Germany.

The Rise of The Rise of DictatorsDictators

Many Germans like Hitler. He told Many Germans like Hitler. He told them they were the best people them they were the best people on earth. He said they were on earth. He said they were the “master race”. He said that the “master race”. He said that the other races such as Eastern the other races such as Eastern Europeans, Jews, and Gypsies Europeans, Jews, and Gypsies were inferior. Hitler blamed were inferior. Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on those Germany’s problems on those other races. He said that other races. He said that Germans lost World War I only Germans lost World War I only because of the Jews. He also because of the Jews. He also blamed the Jews for the bad blamed the Jews for the bad economy. He said that they economy. He said that they made “real” Germans weak. made “real” Germans weak. He didn’t want Germans to mix He didn’t want Germans to mix with them. He said that the with them. He said that the whole world would be better if whole world would be better if only Germans lived in it.only Germans lived in it.


Hitler spread anti-Hitler spread anti-Semitism, hatred of Semitism, hatred of Jews, in Germany. Jews, in Germany. Hitler’s supporters Hitler’s supporters attacked Jews and attacked Jews and destroyed their destroyed their property.property.

The Rise of The Rise of DictatorsDictators

Hitler and his police sent Hitler and his police sent many people to many people to concentration camps. concentration camps. They claimed they were They claimed they were trying to protect trying to protect Germany from bad Germany from bad people. They sent Jews, people. They sent Jews, communists, communists, homosexuals, gypsies, homosexuals, gypsies, and anyone who and anyone who disagreed with Hitler to disagreed with Hitler to those camps. In some those camps. In some concentration camps, concentration camps, people were forced to people were forced to work but not given any work but not given any food. Other camps were food. Other camps were more like murder more like murder factories designed to kill factories designed to kill people efficiently.people efficiently.

Six million Jews died in these camps.

The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of DictatorsIn Japan, military leaders In Japan, military leaders

became more influential as became more influential as the nation became more the nation became more imperialistic. The country imperialistic. The country was quickly becoming one was quickly becoming one of the world’s greatest of the world’s greatest industrial nations, but industrial nations, but needed natural resources needed natural resources and markets. Japan and markets. Japan wanted to get Europeans wanted to get Europeans and Americans out of Asia. and Americans out of Asia. They wanted to control all They wanted to control all of Asia for themselves. of Asia for themselves. Japanese military leaders Japanese military leaders chose Hideki Tojo to be chose Hideki Tojo to be their Dictator. Tojo was their Dictator. Tojo was very aggressive and very aggressive and brutal.brutal.


►Name the dictators of World War II.Name the dictators of World War II.►Explain how they came to power.Explain how they came to power.►Tell what each is famous for.Tell what each is famous for.

MilitarismMilitarism

►Nations built bigger militaries and Nations built bigger militaries and bought new weapons and technology.bought new weapons and technology. Stronger and faster tanksStronger and faster tanks Bigger bombersBigger bombers Faster fighter planesFaster fighter planes Aircraft carriersAircraft carriers BattleshipsBattleships RadarRadar

new weapons and technologynew weapons and technology

Stronger and faster tanksStronger and faster tanks


Bigger bombersBigger bombers


Faster fighter planesFaster fighter planes


Aircraft carriersAircraft carriers


BattleshipsBattleshipsBefore the war, Before the war,

leaders thought leaders thought that battleships that battleships were the most were the most important weapon important weapon of all. America of all. America however, won the however, won the war without any war without any battleships proving battleships proving that they were no that they were no longer so longer so important.important.


RadarRadarAt first, people didn’t At first, people didn’t

think that radar think that radar was very useful. was very useful. They thought it They thought it was only good at was only good at seeing when a seeing when a storm was coming. storm was coming. They soon found They soon found that it could also that it could also see planes coming. see planes coming. Radar gave Radar gave defenders some defenders some advanced warning advanced warning before attacks.before attacks.

Steps toward World War IISteps toward World War II

In 1931, Japan invaded China. It needed In 1931, Japan invaded China. It needed natural resources and markets for its natural resources and markets for its growing economy.growing economy.


The world was The world was shocked by the shocked by the Japanese brutality in Japanese brutality in China.China.

Steps toward World War IISteps toward World War IIThe Japanese invasion of China.The Japanese invasion of China.


Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles when he Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles when he started building a German military in the 1930s.started building a German military in the 1930s.

Other countries did nothing to stop him.Other countries did nothing to stop him.


In 1935, Italy attacked In 1935, Italy attacked Ethiopia. He wanted to Ethiopia. He wanted to make it a colony. They make it a colony. They used bombers and other used bombers and other new weapons. The King new weapons. The King of Ethiopia, Hailie of Ethiopia, Hailie Salassie, asked for help. Salassie, asked for help. He said, “Today it is He said, “Today it is Ethiopia. Tomorrow it Ethiopia. Tomorrow it will be Europe.” The will be Europe.” The League of Nations did League of Nations did nothing to stop Italy.nothing to stop Italy.


In 1936, Hitler In 1936, Hitler violated the Treaty violated the Treaty of Versailles by of Versailles by sending German sending German troops into the troops into the Rhineland, a Rhineland, a western part of western part of Germany. The Germany. The League of Nations League of Nations did nothing.did nothing.

Steps toward World War IISteps toward World War IIIn 1936, the Spanish In 1936, the Spanish

people elected a people elected a communist to be their communist to be their leader. General leader. General Franco, a Spanish Franco, a Spanish general, tried to take general, tried to take over Spain to stop the over Spain to stop the communism. The communism. The people of Spain fought people of Spain fought to stop General Franco to stop General Franco from taking over their from taking over their country. They quickly country. They quickly forced Franco out of forced Franco out of Spain.Spain.

Steps toward World War IISteps toward World War IIHitler (Germany) and Hitler (Germany) and

Mussolini (Italy) made Mussolini (Italy) made an alliance to help an alliance to help Franco. This alliance Franco. This alliance was called the Axis. was called the Axis. The League of Nations The League of Nations did nothing to protect did nothing to protect the Spanish people the Spanish people from this invasion. from this invasion. Hitler and Mussolini Hitler and Mussolini practiced using all the practiced using all the new weapons against new weapons against the Spanish.the Spanish.


In 1938, Hitler marched his military into other In 1938, Hitler marched his military into other nations that used to be part of Germany or nations that used to be part of Germany or had been German allies such as Austria. He had been German allies such as Austria. He said that all German speaking people should said that all German speaking people should be one nation. Most of those people be one nation. Most of those people welcomed him. The League of Nations had welcomed him. The League of Nations had no power to stop him. England and France no power to stop him. England and France did nothing. Letting Hitler take these did nothing. Letting Hitler take these nations so Europe could have “peace” was nations so Europe could have “peace” was called appeasement.called appeasement.


In 1939, Germany In 1939, Germany invaded Poland. invaded Poland. The invasion was The invasion was fast because it used fast because it used new weapons such new weapons such as tanks and as tanks and airplanes. Hitler airplanes. Hitler called this kind of called this kind of war “blitzkrieg” or war “blitzkrieg” or lightning war.lightning war.

World War II BeganWorld War II Began

Hitler argued that he had the right to invade Hitler argued that he had the right to invade Poland because this land had been taken Poland because this land had been taken from Germany during the Treaty of from Germany during the Treaty of Versailles. Britain and France were allies Versailles. Britain and France were allies of Poland, so they declared war on of Poland, so they declared war on Germany. World War II had begun.Germany. World War II had begun.


►What events before World War II What events before World War II showed the world the aggressive showed the world the aggressive nature of the Axis?nature of the Axis?

►What event finally started World War What event finally started World War II?II?

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

Once the war began, Germany quickly took Once the war began, Germany quickly took many other countries. Then, Germany many other countries. Then, Germany captured France quickly, too! Allied captured France quickly, too! Allied troops had to go to England, because troops had to go to England, because Hitler had captured all of Europe.Hitler had captured all of Europe.

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain

Germany started Germany started attacking England. attacking England. They sent bombers They sent bombers to destroy English to destroy English cities. British cities. British airplanes had to airplanes had to fight the Germans. fight the Germans. This was called the This was called the Battle of Britain. It Battle of Britain. It was the first battle was the first battle fought completely in fought completely in the air.the air.

The British stopped the Germans from destroying England. British pilots were very successful.

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of BritainGerman bombers bombed English cities.German bombers bombed English cities.

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of BritainThe Germans had more airplanes, but the English The Germans had more airplanes, but the English

had newer, faster airplanes. English radar could had newer, faster airplanes. English radar could see the German bombers coming, so the English see the German bombers coming, so the English planes could take off and intercept them.planes could take off and intercept them.

Hitler Invaded the Soviet Hitler Invaded the Soviet UnionUnion

In 1939, Hitler had made a non-In 1939, Hitler had made a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union. aggression pact with the Soviet Union. This was embarrassing to him because This was embarrassing to him because he had promised to fight communism. he had promised to fight communism. So, in 1941, he broke his pact with the So, in 1941, he broke his pact with the Soviet Union and invaded. At first, it Soviet Union and invaded. At first, it went very well.went very well.

Hitler started losing in the Soviet Hitler started losing in the Soviet Union.Union.

Russian troops started Russian troops started fighting better, so the fighting better, so the German invasion was German invasion was stopped. Winter came stopped. Winter came and the Germans and the Germans were too far away were too far away from home. They from home. They could not get the could not get the supplies they needed. supplies they needed. The Germans froze to The Germans froze to death.death.


►What happened in Europe in the early What happened in Europe in the early stages of World War II?stages of World War II?

The United States Started Helping the The United States Started Helping the AlliesAllies

Most Americans favored isolationism. They didn’t Most Americans favored isolationism. They didn’t want to join the war. American companies want to join the war. American companies were allowed to sell weapons or supplies to were allowed to sell weapons or supplies to both sides. both sides.

President Roosevelt wanted to help the Allies President Roosevelt wanted to help the Allies though. In 1940, the United States started though. In 1940, the United States started “lending” supplies, ships, and weapons to the “lending” supplies, ships, and weapons to the Allies. Roosevelt started preparing the country Allies. Roosevelt started preparing the country for war. The American military was improved.for war. The American military was improved.

Japan attacked the United Japan attacked the United StatesStates

Americans were angry at Japan for its Americans were angry at Japan for its aggression in Asia. America used an aggression in Asia. America used an embargo to punish them. The U.S. stopped embargo to punish them. The U.S. stopped selling oil to Japan. Japan needed that oil. selling oil to Japan. Japan needed that oil. Without oil, Japan could not survive. Japan Without oil, Japan could not survive. Japan wanted to force the U.S. to sell them oil.wanted to force the U.S. to sell them oil.

On December 7On December 7thth, 1941, Japan made a surprise , 1941, Japan made a surprise attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. They hoped they could Harbor, Hawaii. They hoped they could destroy the entire U.S. Navy in the destroy the entire U.S. Navy in the beginning of the war, so they could win.beginning of the war, so they could win.

Pear HarborPear Harbor

The Japanese The Japanese attack at Pearl attack at Pearl Harbor was Harbor was very very successful. successful. Most of the Most of the U.S. Navy was U.S. Navy was destroyed. destroyed. 2,400 2,400 Americans Americans were killed.were killed.

America Joined the WarAmerica Joined the War

Even though the Japanese attack was Even though the Japanese attack was very successful, it didn’t stop the very successful, it didn’t stop the Americans. The United States joined Americans. The United States joined the war in 1941.the war in 1941.

The United States fought Japan without The United States fought Japan without using battleships. America used using battleships. America used mainly aircraft and aircraft carriers.mainly aircraft and aircraft carriers.


►Why did America finally join the war?Why did America finally join the war?►What stages did the U.S. go through What stages did the U.S. go through

before it finally joined the war?before it finally joined the war?

The Axis PowersThe Axis Powers

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