Text Chapters 27.3-27.5

European Imperialism in the Middle East, India, &

S.E. Asia

Review:

Means of

production

Until the 1800’s

Europeans were

unable to colonize

Africa (Difficult

Travel, Natives,

Disease)

Industrialization

allowed

colonization

(Steam Engine,

Cure for Malaria,

GUNS!)

Imperialism Spreads to the Middle EastContributing Factors:

Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Geopolitics: Europeans were interested in the Middle East because of its strategic location (Mediterranean), and products (Oil discovered in 1900)

Crimean War: Ottomans (& Britain and France) v. Russia

Muslim Attempts at Reform:In order to avoid

colonization some Muslim countries attempted to modernize

Egypt: Muhammad Ali, Isma’il & Suez Canal

Economic Imperialism (Persia, and tobacco boycott)

“The Jewel in the Crown”Mughal Empire Collapses, India breaks up

into many small states controlled by local leaders.

1757—British East India Co. troops defeat the Indian/French forces @ Battle of Plassey and BEIC becomes dominant economic power in the region.

India provides raw materials for G.B.’s factories, and 300 M people to buy English goods

Impacts of Imperialism in IndiaPositive

3rd largest RR in the world is built, enabling Indian economic development

India able to modernize (roads, telephone, telegraph, dams, bridges, etc.)

Sanitation, public health, schools (literacy)

British end warfare between local rulers.

Negative:British hold all

political & econ. PowerIndustries competing

with the British suffer (Indian textiles)

Cash crop (c0tt0n) emphasis reduces food and local self-sufficiency

Racism and missionaries threaten traditional Indian ways of life

Sepoy MutinyIndian Discontent Grows

Rumor Spreads among Sepoys (1857)

Sepoys refuse to accept rifle cartridges and are jailed

In response Sepoys rebel

Fierce fighting ensues, and it takes BEIC over a year to regain control

British RajHindu/Muslim split

G.B. takes command of India from the BEIC (under Queen Victoria)

Direct control: Minister in London directs Indian policy, viceroy in India carries it out

BEIC treaties with local rulers who stayed loyal to British during the rebellion are honored

Indian Nationalism Grows

S.E. Asia

Plantation

Agriculture (sugar

cane, coffee, cocoa,

rubber, coconuts,

banana)

Dutch East India

Company controls

Indonesia (Dutch E.

Indies)

British: Malaysia

(Singapore).

Chinese flock to

Malaysia to work for

the British,

eventually

outnumbering native

Malay population

France: Indochina

(Vietnam, Cambodia,

Laos)