Review:
Means of
production
Until the 1800’s
Europeans were
unable to colonize
Africa (Difficult
Travel, Natives,
Disease)
Industrialization
allowed
colonization
(Steam Engine,
Cure for Malaria,
GUNS!)
Imperialism Spreads to the Middle EastContributing Factors:
Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Geopolitics: Europeans were interested in the Middle East because of its strategic location (Mediterranean), and products (Oil discovered in 1900)
Crimean War: Ottomans (& Britain and France) v. Russia
Muslim Attempts at Reform:In order to avoid
colonization some Muslim countries attempted to modernize
Egypt: Muhammad Ali, Isma’il & Suez Canal
Economic Imperialism (Persia, and tobacco boycott)
“The Jewel in the Crown”Mughal Empire Collapses, India breaks up
into many small states controlled by local leaders.
1757—British East India Co. troops defeat the Indian/French forces @ Battle of Plassey and BEIC becomes dominant economic power in the region.
India provides raw materials for G.B.’s factories, and 300 M people to buy English goods
Impacts of Imperialism in IndiaPositive
3rd largest RR in the world is built, enabling Indian economic development
India able to modernize (roads, telephone, telegraph, dams, bridges, etc.)
Sanitation, public health, schools (literacy)
British end warfare between local rulers.
Negative:British hold all
political & econ. PowerIndustries competing
with the British suffer (Indian textiles)
Cash crop (c0tt0n) emphasis reduces food and local self-sufficiency
Racism and missionaries threaten traditional Indian ways of life
Sepoy MutinyIndian Discontent Grows
Rumor Spreads among Sepoys (1857)
Sepoys refuse to accept rifle cartridges and are jailed
In response Sepoys rebel
Fierce fighting ensues, and it takes BEIC over a year to regain control
British RajHindu/Muslim split
G.B. takes command of India from the BEIC (under Queen Victoria)
Direct control: Minister in London directs Indian policy, viceroy in India carries it out
BEIC treaties with local rulers who stayed loyal to British during the rebellion are honored
Indian Nationalism Grows
S.E. Asia
Plantation
Agriculture (sugar
cane, coffee, cocoa,
rubber, coconuts,
banana)
Dutch East India
Company controls
Indonesia (Dutch E.
Indies)
British: Malaysia
(Singapore).
Chinese flock to
Malaysia to work for
the British,
eventually
outnumbering native
Malay population
France: Indochina
(Vietnam, Cambodia,
Laos)
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