Terminating and Connecting of Electrical Wirings and Electronics Circuits

7/27/2019 Terminating and Connecting of Electrical Wirings and Electronics Circuits

1/25

1|P a g e

PCHARDWARESERVICINGTheStrengthenedTechnicalVocationalEducationProgram

HowtoUsethisModule.......................................................................................................

Introduction..........................................................................................................................

TechnicalTerms....................................................................................................................

LearningOutcome#1.......................................................................................................... 1

InformationSheet#11....................................................................................................... 2

OperationSheet#11.......................................................................................................... 6

LearningOutcome#2.......................................................................................................... 8

InformationSheet#2.1....................................................................................................... 9

ActivitySheet#2.1............................................................................................................ 10

LearningOutcome#3........................................................................................................ 13

JobSheet


2/25

2|P a g e


Welcome to the Module Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and

Electronic Circuits. This module contains training materials and activities for you to

complete.

The unit of competency Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic

Circuits contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a Computer Hardware

Servicing NC IIcourse.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome there are Job

Sheets, andActivity Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check

at the end of each learning activity.

If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some of the knowledge and skills covered in this module

because you have:o been working for some timeo completed training in this area.If you can demonstrate to your teacher that you are competent in a particular skill or

skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you do not have to do the

same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous

trainings show it to your teacher. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to

this module, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not

sure about the currency of your skills, discuss it with your teacher.

After completing this module ask your teacher to assess your competency. Result of

your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the learning activities are

designed for you to complete at your own pace.

Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete followed by

relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have

more than one learning activity.


3/25

3|P a g e


Program/Course : Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

Unit of Competency : Terminate and Connect Electrical Wiring and Electronic

Circuits

Module : Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and

Electronic Circuits

INTRODUCTION

ThismodulecontainsinformationandsuggestedlearningactivitiesonComputerHardware

Servicing NC II. It includes the following competencies: plan and prepare for termination/

connections of electrical wiring/electronic circuits, terminate/connect electricalwiring/electronic

circuits,andtesttermination/connectionsofelectricalwiring/electroniccircuits.

Itconsistsofthree(3)learningoutcomes.Each learningoutcomecontains learningactivities

supportedbyeachinstructionalsheet.Uponcompletionofthismodule,reporttoyourteacherto

assess your achievement of knowledge and skills requirement of this module. If you pass the

assessment,youwillbegivenacertificateofcompletion.

SUMMARYOFLEARNINGOUTCOMES:

Uponcompletionofthemoduleyoushouldbeableto:

LO1. Planandprepareforterminationandconnectionofelectricalwiringandelectroniccircuits.

LO2. Terminateandconnectelectricalwiringandelectroniccircuits.

LO3. TestTerminationandconnectionofelectricalwiringand/electroniccircuit.

REFERENCES:

1. Agpaoa,Feliciano,InteriorandExteriorWiringTroubleshooting,NationalbooksStore,19912. Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr.ElectronicsBookSeries

3. www.electronicslab.com4. www.wikipedia.com


4/25

4|P a g e


Voltage The measure of the push on each electron which makes the electron

move. The term potential difference and voltage are often used

interchangeably to mean the push, thus, you may see the term

electromotive force (EMF) orjust the word potential to describe the

electronpushincertaininstances.

Current Theflowofelectronsinthecircuit.

Resistance Theoppositiontocurrentflow.

Power Therateofdoingwork.

Resistor Adevicedesignedintentionallytohaveadefiniteamountof

resistance

Capacitor Adevicethatstoreselectricalenergy.

Termination - The point where a line, channel or circuit ends.

OHS OccupationalHealthandSafety


5/25

5|P a g e


Program/Course : ComputerHardwareServicingNCII

UnitofCompetency : TerminateandConnectElectricalWiringandElectronic

Circuits

Module#3 : TerminatingandConnectingElectricalWiringandElectronic

Circuits

LearningOutcome1:PlanandPrepareforTerminationandConnectionofElectrical

WiringandElectronicCircuits

AssessmentCriteria:

1. Materialsarecheckedaccordingtospecificationsandtask.2. Appropriatetoolsandequipmentareselectedaccordingtotaskrequirements.3. TaskisplannedtoensurethatOHSguidelinesandproceduresarefollowed.4. Electricalwiringelectronicscircuitsareappropriatelypreparedforconnection/

terminationinaccordancewithinstructionsandworksiteprocedure.

References:1. Agpaoa, Feliciano, Interior and Exterior Wiring Troubleshooting, National booksStore,19912. Enriquez,Michael,SimpleElectronics(Basic)FullyIllustrated,AntonioM.AndesSr.

ElectronicsBookSeries

3. Cardenas,Elpidio,FundamentalsandElementsofElectricity,NationalBookStore,1991

4. www.wikipedia.com


6/25

6|P a g e


DirectCurrentandAlternatingCurrent

DirectCurrent

orDCisthefirsttypeofcurrentbecauseitwaseasytoproduce.Thistypeof

currentalwaysflows inonedirection.OneofthedisadvantagesofusingDCistheexcessive

voltagedropandpowerlossinthepowerlinesinalongdistancetransmission.Batteriesare

commonsourcesofdirectcurrent.

AlternatingCurrentorACisthesolutiontotheproblemofDC.ACallowstheflowofcurrent

intwodirections.Today,itispossibletostepupelectricity,apowerstation,transmititto

anydistantplaceandstepitdowntoforconsumption.Atransformeristhedeviceusedfor

steppingup

or

stepping

down

AC

voltage.

Common

sources

of

AC

are

found

in

our

AC

outlet(Typically,220volts,inthePhilippines).

OHMSLAWANDPOWERLAW

Ohms law states that, for a constant current, the current in a circuit is directlyproportional to the totalvoltageacting in the circuitand inversely proportional to thetotalresistanceofthecircuit.

ACandDCWaveForm


7/25

7|P a g e


ThelawmaybeexpressedbythefollowingequationifthecurrentIisinamperes,EMFEisinvolts,andtheresistanceRisinohms.

The relationship of the foregoing three variableswasdiscovered by Georg

Simon

Ohm,

who theorized that current is in direct proportion to resistance. The relationship is

explainedalgebraically,usingthisformula:

R = E/I

Resistance

E = I x R I = E/R

Voltage Current

where:

E EMF in Volts

R Resistance

I Current in Amperes


8/25

8|P a g e


A. PracticeProblems:1.

2.

E=25VR=25

Required

G. I

H. P

I=?

E=?R=72

Required

E. E

F. P

I=9A

E=?P=100W

Required

C. R

D. E

I=25A


9/25

9|P a g e


3.

E=?P=350W

Required

A. E

B. R

I=4.5A


10/25

10|P a g e


ASimplecircuitcontainstheminimumthingsneededtohaveafunctioningelectric

circuit.Asimplecircuitrequiresthefollowing:

AC/DCsource EquipmentthatwilloperateoneitheranACorDCpowersource BatteryAdcvoltagesourcecontainingtwoormorecellsthatconvert

chemicalenergytoelectricalenergy.

Cell Single unit used to convert chemical energy into a DC electricalvoltage.

FUSEOnceyoudesignasimplecircuitonelectronics,it

isimportanttoincludea fuse in the primary or

secondaryofatransformer.

Fuse is a safety device used to protect anelectricalcircuit from theeffectofexcessive

current. Itsessential component is usually a

strip of metal that will melt at a given

temperature.Afuseissodesignedthatthestripofmetalcaneasilybe

placed in the electric circuit. If the current in the circuit exceed a

predeterminedvalue,thefusiblemetalwillmeltandthusbreak,oropen

thecircuit.

A fuse is usually rated in Amperes, which represent the maximumcontinuouscurrentitcouldhandlewithoutblowing.

The most popular type of fuse in Electronics is 3AG type. This codedescribes the case size and material where G indicates a glass

materialsandA indicatesthat intendedforautomotiveapplication.A

3AGfusemeasuresapproximately32mmx6mm.

WiresandCable Awireisasingleslenderrodorfilamentofdrawnmetal.Thisdefinitionrestrictstheterm

to what would ordinarily be understood as

solidwire.Thewordslenderisusedbecausethe length of a wire is usually large when

comparedto itsdiameter. Ifawire iscovered

with insulation, It is an insulated wire.Although the term wire properly refers to

themetal,italsoincludestheinsulation.

Aconductor isawire suitable forcarryinganelectriccurrent.


11/25

11|P a g e


A stranded conductor isaconductor composedofagroupofwireoranycombinationofgroupofwires.Thewires inastrandedconductorareusually

twistedtogetherandnotinsulatedfromeachother.

A cable is either a stranded conductor (singleconductor cable) or acombination of conductors insulated from one another (multipleconductor

cable).Thetermcable isageneraloneandusuallyappliesonlytothe large

sizesofconductor.Asmallcable ismoreoftencalledastrandedwireorcord

(suchasthatusedforanironoralampcord).Cablesmaybebareorinsulated.

Insulatedcablesmaybesheathed(covered)withlead,orprotectivearmor.

Switchanditsfunction Switch isadeviceusedtobreakanelectriccurrentortransfer it toanother

conductor.Switchesarecommonlyusedtoopenorcloseacircuit.Closed is

theONposition,whileopen isOFFposition.Normally, switch is installed in

serieswiththe linecarryingcurrentfrom

thepowersourcetotheload.

A switch is a mechanical device used toconnect and disconnect a circuit at will.

Switches cover a wide range of types,

from subminiature up to industrial plant

switching megawatts of power on high

voltagedistributionlines.

Switch is a manually operated devicecapableofmaking,breaking,orchanging

the connection in an electronics or

electrical circuit. A switch connected in

serieswithoneof theconnectingwiresofsimplecircuitaffordsameansof

controllingthecurrentinthecircuit.

Switchfunctiono When theswitch isclosed, theelectron findsan interruptedpath in the

circuit.

o OpenistheOFFpositionoftheswitch,whileclosedistheONposition.o Whentheswitch isopened,thecurrentdeliveredbythepowersupplyis

normallyinsufficienttojumptheswitchgapintheformofanarcandthe

electronflowinthecircuitisblocked.

Load a source drives a load. Whatever component or piece of equipment isconnectedtoasourceanddrawscurrentfromasourceisaloadonthatsource.

o Thefollowingareexamplesbutnotlimitedto: Bulb Appliances


12/25

12|P a g e


I. ClassificationsofElectronicComponentA. Passive devices A Passive Device is one that contributes no power gain

(amplification)toacircuitorsystem. Ithasnocontrolactionanddoesnot

requireanyinputotherthanasignaltoperformitsfunction.Inotherwords,

"A component with no brains!" Examples are Resistors, Capacitors and

Inductors.

RESISTOR

Thisisthemostcommoncomponentinelectronics.

It is used mainly to control current and voltage

withinthecircuit.Youcanidentifyasimpleresistor

by its simple cigar shapewithawire lead coming

out of each end. It uses a system of color coded

bands to identify the value of the component

(measuredinOhms)

Capacitors,or"caps",varyinsizeandshape from

asmallsurfacemountmodeluptoahugeelectric

motorcapthesizeofpaintcan.Whateverthesize

or shape, the purpose is the same. It storeselectricalenergyintheformofelectrostaticcharge.

It is chargedwithamagnetic fieldandwhen that

field collapses itproduces current in the opposite

direction.InductorsareusedinAlternatingCurrent

circuitstoopposechangesintheexistingcurrent.


13/25

13|P a g e


B. ActiveDevicesarecomponents thatarecapableofcontrollingvoltagesorcurrents and can create a switching action in the circuit. In other words,

"Devices with smarts!" Examples are Diodes, Transistors and Integrated

circuits.

Diodes are basically a oneway valve for electrical

current. They let it flow in one direction (from

positivetonegative)andnotintheotherdirection.

Mostdiodesaresimilar inappearancetoaresistor

andwillhaveapaintedlineononeendshowingthe

direction or flow (white side is negative). If the

negativeside ison thenegativeendof thecircuit,

currentwill flow. If thenegative ison thepositive

side

of

the

circuit

no

current

will

flow.

LEDsaresimplydiodes thatemit lightofone form

or another. They are used as indicator devices.

Example:LED litequalsmachineon.Theycome in

several sizes and colors. Some even emit Infrared

Lightwhichcannotbeseenbythehumaneye.

The transistor is possibly the most important

invention of this decade. It performs two basic

functions.1) Itactsasa switch turning currenton

and off. 2) It acts as an amplifier. This makes an

output signal that is a magnified version of the

inputsignal.

Integrated Circuits, or ICs, are complex circuits

inside

one

simple

package.

Silicon

and

metals

are

used to simulate resistors, capacitors, transistors,

etc.Itisaspacesavingmiracle.


14/25

14|P a g e


ELECTRONICSCHEMATICSYMBOLS

Wiresandconnections

Component CircuitSymbol FunctionofComponent

WireTopasscurrentveryeasilyfromonepartof

acircuittoanother.

Wiresjoined

A'blob'shouldbedrawnwherewiresare

connected(joined),butitissometimes

omitted.Wiresconnectedat'crossroads'

shouldbestaggeredslightlytoformtwoT

junctions,asshownontheright.

Wiresnotjoined

Incomplexdiagramsitisoftennecessaryto

drawwirescrossingeventhoughtheyare

notconnected.Ipreferthe'bridge'symbol

shownontherightbecausethesimple

crossingontheleftmaybemisreadasa

jointwhereyouhaveforgottentoadda

'blob'!

PowerSupplies/Source


Cell

Supplieselectricalenergy.

Thelargerterminal(ontheleft)ispositive(+).

Asinglecellisoftencalledabattery,but

strictlyabatteryistwoormorecellsjoined

together.

Battery

Supplieselectricalenergy.Abatteryismore

thanonecell.Thelargerterminal(ontheleft)ispositive(+).

DCsupply


DC=DirectCurrent,alwaysflowinginone

direction.


15/25

15|P a g e


ACsupply


AC=AlternatingCurrent,continuallychanging

direction.

Fuse

Asafetydevicewhichwill'blow'(melt)ifthe

currentflowingthroughitexceedsaspecified

value.

Transformer

Twocoilsofwirelinkedbyanironcore.

Transformersareusedtostepup(increase)

andstepdown(decrease)ACvoltages.Energy

istransferredbetweenthecoilsbythe

magneticfieldinthecore.Thereisnoelectrical

connectionbetweenthecoils.

Earth

(Ground)

Aconnectiontoearth.Formanyelectronic

circuitsthisisthe0V(zerovolts)ofthepower

supply,butformainselectricityandsome

radiocircuitsitreallymeanstheearth.Itisalso

knownasground.

OutputDevices/Loads:Lamps,Heater,Motor


Lamp(lighting)

Atransducerwhichconvertselectrical

energytolight.Thissymbolisusedfora

lampprovidingillumination,forexamplea

carheadlamportorchbulb.

Lamp(indicator)

Atransducerwhichconvertselectrical

energytolight.Thissymbolisusedfora

lampwhichisanindicator,forexamplea

warninglightonacardashboard.

HeaterAtransducerwhichconvertselectrical

energytoheat.

MotorAtransducerwhichconvertselectrical

energytokineticenergy(motion).


16/25

16|P a g e


BellAtransducerwhichconvertselectrical

energytosound.

BuzzerAtransducerwhichconvertselectrical

energytosound.

Inductor

(Coil,Solenoid)

Acoilofwirewhichcreatesamagneticfield

whencurrentpassesthroughit.Itmayhave

anironcoreinsidethecoil.Itcanbeused

asatransducerconvertingelectricalenergy

tomechanicalenergybypullingon

something.

Switches


PushSwitch

(pushto

make)

Apushswitchallowscurrenttoflowonlywhenthe

buttonispressed.Thisistheswitchusedtooperatea

doorbell.

PushtoBreak

Switch

Thistypeofpushswitchisnormallyclosed(on);itis

open(off)onlywhenthebuttonispressed.

OnOffSwitch

(SPST)

SPST=SinglePole,SingleThrow.

Anonoffswitchallowscurrenttoflowonlywhenit

isintheclosed(on)position.

2waySwitch

(SPDT)

SPDT=SinglePole,DoubleThrow.

A2waychangeoverswitchdirectstheflowof

currenttooneoftworoutesaccordingtoitsposition.

SomeSPDTswitcheshaveacentraloffpositionand

aredescribedas'onoffon'.


17/25

17|P a g e


DualOnOff

Switch

(DPST)

DPST=DoublePole,SingleThrow.

Adualonoffswitchwhichisoftenusedtoswitch

mainselectricitybecauseitcanisolateboththelive

andneutralconnections.

Completethetablebelow:

A. Identifyeachofthesesymbols:COMPONENTS SYMBOLS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


18/25

18|P a g e


B. Identifythefollowingbasicelectroniccomponents

COMPONENT FIGURE

1.

2.

3.

4.


19/25

19|P a g e


Asimplecircuitcontainstheminimumthingsneededtohaveafunctioningelectric

circuit

Source adeviceusedtosupplyACorDCvoltage Consuming anydevicethatconsumesvoltage,whatevercomponentorpieceof

equipmentthat isconnectedtoasourceanddrawscurrentfromasource isa

loadonthatsource.

Controlling any device having two states, on (closed) or off (open). Ideallyhavingzeroimpedancewhenclosedandinfiniteimpedancewhenopen.

Protectinga component used to open the circuit when current exceeds apredeterminedmaximumvalue.

Connecting a material that conducts electric current very well and used toconnectacompletepathforcurrent.

ProcedureinCircuitDesigning1. Prepareallthetoolsandmaterialsneeded.2. Byusingschematicsymbol,makeasimplecircuitwiththefollowing:

a. loadb. consumingdevicec. protectingdeviced. consumingdevicee. connectingdevice

3. Make sure that the circuit has the following requirement that asimplecircuitmusthave:

a. Asourceofelectricalpotentialdifferenceorvoltage.b. A conductive path which would allow for the

movementofcharges.

c. Anelectricalresistancewhichislooselydefinedasanyobjectthatuseselectricitytodowork.

4. Test the designed circuit by comparing it with the sample circuitproducedbyyourteacher.

CONTROLLING

CONSUMINGsource

Connectin device


20/25

20|P a g e


A.Fillintheblankswithwhatisreferredtobyeachofthefollowing.

1._______________________ Interconnection of components which provides anelectricalpathbetweentwoormorecomponents.

2._______________________ Atypeofcircuitinwhichtheflowofcurrentiscutoff.3._______________________ Acircuitinwhichthecomponentsareconnectedfrom

end to end so that the current hasonlyonepath to

followthroughthecircuit.

4._______________________ A circuit where there is more than one path for thecurrenttoflowthrough.

5._______________________ AdeviceusedtosupplyACorDCvoltage.6._______________________ Anydevicehavingtwostates,ONorOFF.7._______________________ Asafetydeviceusedtoprotectanelectricalcircuit

fromtheeffectofexcessivecurrent.

8._______________________ pathwayforcarryinganelectricalcurrent.9._______________________ Components or pieces of equipment connected to a

source whichdrawscurrentfromasource.

10._______________________ADCvoltagesourcecontainingtwoormorecellsthatconvertchemicalenergytoelectricalenergy.


21/25

21|P a g e


A. InitialStepsinUsingAnalogMultitester

1. Connectthetestprobetotheappropriatejack.Theredtestprobetothepositive(+)jackandtheblacktothecommon()jack.

2. Checkifthepointerrestsexactlyattheinfinitezeropositioninohmmeterrange.

COM

(Black)

+POS

(Red)


22/25

22|P a g e


3. Checktheprobesiftheyareincondition.(Ohmmetercalibration)a. SettheMultitestertocorrespondingselectorresistancerange.b. Shortthetwotestprobesleadtogether.

ZeroOhm

Adjustment

knob

Note:

Thepointershoulddeflect

towardszeroohmreading


23/25

23|P a g e


B. ResistanceMeasurements1. AlwaysdotheInitialStepsinUsingAnalogMultitester.2. In testing resistors, capacitors, diodes etc. do not touch both test probe lead,

because our body also has resistance that could affect the reading value of the

electroniccomponentswearetesting.

3. Ifyoudonotknow thevalueof the resistor tobemeasured, find theohmmeterselectorsettinguntilyouhaveaclearreadingintheohmmeterscale.

Zero

ohm

Adjust the ohm adjustment if the

pointer could not rest exactly at O

ohm reading.

As indicated, the pointer rests out of

the range of ohmmeter scale. Adjust

the ohm adjustment counter

clockwise until the pointer rests O

ohm reading.

OhmmeterSelector

Range

(x1,x10,x1K,x10K

ohms)

Ohm

Adjustment

OhmmeterScale

(FrominfinitetoZero)

InfiniteResistance

openresistorOpen

connectionor


24/25

24|P a g e


4. Selectthedesiredresistancerangescalewithselectorswitch.


25/25

PCHARDWARESERVICING

Testinga55Kohmresistance

Range:x10Kohm

Thepointerstopsat5.5inx10Krangeonselectorswitch

Testinga55Kohmresistance

Range:x1Kohm

The setting (x1K in 56K Ohm resistor) is not an

advisablesettingintesting55Kohmsresistance.Because,

the pointer stops somewhere in 50. You cannot clearly

readtheresistancevalue,unlikeinx10Kohmsetting.

Terminating and Connecting of Electrical Wirings and Electronics Circuits

Documents

Transcript of Terminating and Connecting of Electrical Wirings and Electronics Circuits