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Abstract—Your abstract should consist of a stand-alone summary of the important points from the experiment. It should be about 100 words maximum.

I. INTRODUCTIONIn preparing you for employment as a professional

physicist it is important that you can present a concise report of your experimental work in the style of a research journal article. This format is generally shorter than a standard undergraduate laboratory report. We ask you to prepare your report electronically as a two-page research article, following this WORD (v. 6.0 or higher) file as a template (available on webCT). This template was presented to authors to write a conference article in a standard format. I’ve left most of the instructions in place; many of these may not be relevant to your particular experiment or report. Ask us if you have any questions!

Your report should contain the following information: Abstract (a stand-alone summary, not exceeding 100 words); Introduction, including significance; Method, including any key diagrams; Results and quantitative analysis, including key graphs and images; Discussion and conclusions. You do not need to use section headings, but leave them in place if you want to clarify the structure of the report.

If the experiment is in several discrete sections, the report may be more coherent if you summarise the method, results and discussion for each section in turn, and conclude the report with discussion of the overall outcome of all component experiments. Any unusual circumstances that may have influenced your results should be noted. Write in the "third person" i.e. do not use "I", "We", etc., and avoid personal comments in the report e.g. "I learned a lot", "This was a difficult experiment". Graphs are to be plotted electronically using software such as EXCEL and incorporated into the structure of the report.

Several examples of short research journal papers will be available in the laboratory for your perusal. We encourage you to look also at journals such as Physical Review Letters and Applied Physics Letters in the library. Ask the demonstrators if you need advice; you will always be assessed on the content and presentation of your report independently of any advice given.

Type over the sections or cut and paste from another document and then use markup styles. Do not change the font styles, sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into a limited number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not underline.

To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked).

II. METHODIf you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation

Editor.

A. UnitsUse SI units.English units may be used as secondary units

(in parentheses). An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.

The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H.

III. RESULTS

A. Figures and Tables

Fig 1. Measured work function of hydrogenated and un-

hydrogenated C(100) surface. Open symbols: samples prior to 600 C anneal in vacuum. Closed symbols indicate the effect of fullerene film deposition. The solid line is a fit of the form

; the broken line is a linear fit.

Place figures and tables in the text columns accordingly, usually at the top or bottom of column. Large figures and tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork. Put captions immediately below the figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Tables are numbered with Roman numerals.

Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity

Insert your title hereYour name and student ID here (but remove in the turnitin-submitted copy)

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“Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (Am1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”

Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do not write “Magnetization (A/m) 1000” because the reader would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately 8 to 12 point type.

B. ReferencesNumber citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The

sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] shows ...” Type the reference list at the end of the paper using the “References” style.

Please note that the references at the end of this document are in SST referencing style. Give all authors’ names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a space after authors' initials. Papers that have not been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been submitted or accepted for publication should be cited as “submitted for publication” [5]. Please give affiliations and addresses for personal communications [6].

Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. If you are short of space, you may omit paper titles. For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [7].

IV. DISCUSSION

A. EquationsNumber equations consecutively with equation numbers in

parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). Use the equation editor to create the equation. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a sentence, as in

(1)

Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before the equation appears or immediately following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence:

“Equation (1) is ... .”

B. Other RecommendationsUse one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate

complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”

Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use “cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”

V. CONCLUSIONSA conclusion section is required. It may review the main

points of the paper, and elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions.

References[1] Young G O 1964 in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, ed J. Peter (New York:

McGraw-Hill) 15–64.[2] Chen W –K 1993 Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont,

CA: Wadsworth, 123–135.[3] Poor H 1985 An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. (New

York: Springer-Verlag) ch. 4.[4] Duncombe J U 1959 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices ED-11 34–39.[5] Chen S, Mulgrew B, and Grant P M 1993 IEEE Trans. Neural Networks

4 570–578.[6] Lucky R W 1965 Bell Syst. Tech. J. 44 547–588.[7] Miller E H 2003 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.., to be published.[8] Bingulac S P 1994 Proc. 4th Annu. Allerton Conf. Circuits and Systems

Theory, New York, 8–16.

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