© Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

DOCSIS® Next: Where does HFC go from here?

Timing and Deployment

Ralph W. Brown, CTO CableLabs

Premium U.S. Broadband Trends

Downstream (DS) Upstream (US)

* * Symmetric DS

and US rate

Trend predicts 1 Gbps premium offers in 2016 or later

Downstream (DS) Upstream (US) *

* Symmetric DS and US rate

© Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

DOCSIS 3.1 Specification Development Comparison of Telecom Standards Development Cycles

© Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

DOCSIS 3.1 Specification Schedule

• 2012: Project Initiated

• 2013: Specifications Issued

• 2014: Products Available

• 2015 through 2016: Initial Deployments

Moving Faster

2012 Project Initiated

2013 Specifications

Issued

2014 Products Available

2015 - 2016 Initial

Deployments

© Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

Example DOCSIS 3.1 Deployment Migration

Today

Few 1.0/1.1 Lots of 2.0 Some 3.0

CP

E D

evic

es

HE

Equ

ipm

en

t

5-42/65 MHz US 3.0 CMTS

DS Bonding Legacy OOB

Soon

Remove 1.0/1.1 More 3.0

3.0 CCAP More DS Bonding

US Bonding S-CDMA

3.1

CPE

Many 3.0 Begin deploy 3.1

3.0 CCAP More DS & US

bonding

3.1 DS

CCAP

3.1 CCAP Begin 3.1 DS OFDM

Expand DS

Lots of 3.0 More 3.1

3.1 US

CCAP

Begin 3.1 US OFDMA

Lots of 3.1

More

HFC

Expand US Split Expand DS

Begin reduction of 2.0 CPE

DOCSIS 3.0 CPE DOCSIS 3.1 CPE

DOCSIS 3.0 HE DOCSIS 3.1 HE

© Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

Summary

• With DOCSIS 3.1 technology cable operators can deploy Gigabit services over HFC

• Deploying DOCSIS 3.1 technology is more cost effective than building FTTH

• DOCSIS 3.1 technology enables a migration to higher bandwidth services based on market demand

• Consequently, capital investment can be made consistent with customer demand

So what does this all mean?

© Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2013. All Rights Reserved.

CCAP View of DOCSIS 3.1

Jorge Salinger

How will DOCSIS 3.1 merge with CCAP?

• CCAP Architecture takes technology evolution

– Modularity means easier migration

– Architecture designed for multiple technologies

• CCAPs under development for DOCSIS 3.0

– CCAP implementation started before DOCSIS 3.1

• But vendors already working on incorporating DOCSIS 3.1

– Some upgrade of existing blades and other new ones

– FPGA in DS allows changes, but new ASICs for US

• Upgrades can be done in DS or US independently

• Migration to DOCSIS 3.1 likely to start with CPE

Today: 3.0 (LD) CMTS & 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 & 3.0 (LD) CMs

CMTS DOCSIS 3.0

(LD)

54/85 MHz

750 MHz

5 MHz

42/65 MHz

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

Downstream

860 MHz

1,000 MHz

20 MHz

1-3 LD Channels

1-8 LD Channels

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

• 3.0 LD CMTS • Few 1.0/1.1 LD CMs, lots of 2.0 LD CMs and some 3.0 LD CMs • Multiple LD DS channels implementing DS channel bonding • Multiple LD US channels, including some combination of 6.4 and 3.2 MHz widths

D1.0/1.1 CM

(1x1 LD)

D1.0/1.1 CM

(1x1 LD)

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

Operating Mode Legacy DOCSIS LD

DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

Legacy OOB DS

Legacy OOB US

Upstream

Out-of-Band Motorola

Cisco

Soon: Migrate to 3.0 CCAP and 3.0 CM growth

54/85 MHz

750 MHz

5 MHz

42/65 MHz

Downstream

860 MHz

1,000 MHz

20 MHz

1-4 LD Channels 1-24/32 LD Channels

. . . . . .

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D1.0/1.1 CM

(1x1 LD)

D1.0/1.1 CM

(1x1 LD)

• Begin deploying CCAP with 3.0 LD DS and US line cards • May have removed 1.0/1.1 LD CMs • More 3.0 LD CMs and GWs • More LD US and DS carriers • Deploy LD US channel bonding and S-CDMA

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

CCAP or

CMTS DOCSIS 3.0

(LD)

Upstream

Legacy OOB DS

Legacy OOB US

Operating Mode Legacy DOCSIS LD

DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

Out-of-Band Motorola

Cisco

54/85 MHz

750 MHz

5 MHz

42/65 MHz

Downstream

When 3.1 is available: Begin deploying 3.1 CMs in LD mode

860 MHz

20 MHz

. . . . . .

D3.1 CM

(NxM LD)

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D1.0/1.1 CM

(1x1 LD)

D1.0/1.1 CM

(1x1 LD)

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

• Lots of 3.0 LD CMs • More LD US and LD DS carriers • Begin deploying 3.1 CMs in LD mode in existing LD US and DS channels

D3.1 CM

(NxM LD)

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

1-6 LD Channels 1-24/32 LD Channels

CCAP or

CMTS DOCSIS 3.0

(LD)

Upstream

1,000 MHz

Legacy OOB DS

Legacy OOB US

Operating Mode Legacy DOCSIS LD

DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

Out-of-Band Motorola

Cisco

CCAP DOCSIS 3.1

750 MHz

5 MHz

Downstream Upstream

Future: Deploy 3.1 DS & US in Existing Split

860 MHz

20 MHz

. . . . . .

D3.1 CM

(NxM LD + 3.1)

D3.1 CM

(NxM LD + 3.1)

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

• Removed 1.0/1.1 LD CMs; no need for TDMA LD US channels • More 3.1 LD CMs • Begin deploying 3.1 CCAP: new 3.1 US blade and firmware update to 3.1 DS blade • Begin using OFDMA for 3.1 US and/or OFDM for 3.1 DS (don’t have to deploy together)

• Overlay 3.1 on current US spectrum with LD US, filling gaps and using logical channels • Use open spectrum for 3.1 DS OFDM channels in existing DS spectrum

1-24/32 LD Channels

CMTS DOCSIS 3.0

(LD)

1,200 MHz

54/85 MHz

42/65 MHz

OFDMA 3.1 OFDM 3.1

1-6 LD Channels

1,000 MHz

OFDM 3.1

Legacy OOB DS

Legacy OOB US

Operating Mode Legacy DOCSIS LD

DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

Out-of-Band Motorola

Cisco

Long Term: 3.1 CCAP w/ New Split

3.X CCAP

DOCSIS 3.X

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D2.0 CM

(1x1 LD)

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

D3.0 CM

(NxM LD)

100-240 MHz

750 MHz

5 MHz

85-200 MHz

Downstream Upstream

20 MHz

TBD

OFDM

3.1

• Expand 3.1 US capacity and possibly expand 3.1 DS capacity • Use OFDM and OFDMA more extensively • Only use OFDM in new spectrum

• Lots of DOCSIS 3.1 CMs • Begin reduction of 2.0 CMs as DOCSIS 3.1 CMs replace them

. . . . . .

1-24/32 LD Channels

D3.1 CM

(NxM LD + 3.1)

D3.1 CM

(NxM LD + 3.1)

1-6 LD Channels

OFDMA 3.1 OFDM 3.1

860 MHz

1,000 MHz

1,200 MHz

OFDM 3.1

Legacy OOB DS

Legacy OOB US

Operating Mode Legacy DOCSIS LD

DOCSIS 3.1 3.1

Out-of-Band Motorola

Cisco

What about other CCAP technologies?

• Cable has been using fiber for over 25 years (HFC)

– Constantly driving fiber deep, segmenting HFC

• Direct fiber-based service delivery already used by MSOs

– Metro Ethernet commercial services broadly deployed

• P2P and P2MP: Active Ethernet, EPON, GPON, etc.

• Leveraging HFC infrastructure, using xWDM

• HFC options for EPON available and under development

– DPoE enables DOCSIS provisioning of EPON

– EPoC enables deployment of EPON protocol over HFC

• Cable’s networks are extremely functional and flexible

Additional evolution under development

• Optical interfaces for CCAP

– Developed standard modular interfaces for DS lasers and US

receivers

• Physical, electrical and management interface

• Short/long-reach DS modules now SCTE standards

• US module now submitted as an SCTE standard

• Distributed PHY being considered

– Move the modulation and demodulation to the node

• Just the PHY; the MAC and upper layers stay in HE

– Interface between node and HE would be 10G Ethernet

•Christoph Schaaf, KDG, New Technologies

HFC Readiness for DOCSIS 3.1

DOCSIS 3.1: Pushing the Shannon Limit

6.3

8.6

10.5

DOCSIS 3.1

DOCSIS 3.0

MER:

Network quality

Bit/sec/Hz:

Spectrum Efficiency

Theoretical

Shannon

Limit

© Kabel Deutschland

But... can today’s

HFC plants

support these

orders of

modulation?

OFDM system evaluation in Europe • The current DOCSIS PHY has been developed 18 years ago: DOCSIS 3.1 will

include leading edge technologies and bring significant improvements

• OFDM is already widely deployed in digital transmission systems, such as terrestrial broadcasting, DLS, MoCA or Powerline Communication

• LDPC FEC systems are used in all second generation digital DVB transmission systems.

• OFDM modulation and the

LDPC FEC code have been already

carefully evaluated for broadcasting

applications in European cable

networks.

• DOCSIS 3.1. will enable the cable

industry to deliver their customers a

significantly extended service offering

and compelling new services. 10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Best CPE: 1.5 dB

DVB-C2 Plug-Fest: OFDM overall implementation loss

SNR

Modulation

schemes

Max

Average

Min

Theory

© Kabel Deutschland

Completing the Process: Increasing the Spectrum

Phil Oakley

• The ability to change spectrum splits is important to understand

- Changing the spectrum split is part of delivering more capacity

• Looking at history can be helpful

- VM has a goal to improve on broadband speeds

• A small part of our network had legacy spectrum splits that only supported a 30MHz

band, limiting it’s capability.

- 30MHz couldn’t deliver improved speeds

- Opportunity to refresh HFC equipment

- Further optimise the network to reduce fault rate, improve performance

Delivering More

20 30 42 65 85 5 >200 MHz

Not completed overnight

• We created a dedicated team

- They produced a streamlined design and build strategy

• These areas had a number of older components

- The project could remove and change components that were seen to impact network performance

- Newer technologies could be used when and where appropriate

• Remember Technology is the enabler, we MUST always be thinking of the customer

- Advanced customer communications

- Dedicated customer support team

- Post upgrade monitoring – calls with the customer

- Dedicated Fast Response team if customer reports a problems.

• DOCSIS 3.1 does not need a frequency change to deliver capacity improvements

• There are deployment options

– Complete network overbuild, create a ubiquitous network service offering

– Targeted network build out, by node/ hub site/ region

• Focus on visit once build out

• Streamlined design process can improve delivery performance

– Think innovatively about implementing network changes

• Never forget the customer

– Maintain communication, deal with an issues quickly

• Don’t be afraid of the change but be prepared for it

07/03/2013 Increasing the Specturm 22

What does this mean for DOCSIS3.1