Upstream QAM Certification – DOCSIS 3.0 Presenter: Tony … QAM... · Upstream QAM Certification...
Transcript of Upstream QAM Certification – DOCSIS 3.0 Presenter: Tony … QAM... · Upstream QAM Certification...
Upstream QAM Certification
– DOCSIS 3.0 Presenter: Tony Holmes
CCTA 2014 Technical Training
San Juan, PR
In cooperation with
HFC Network Architecture
Return Path Challenges
DOCSIS 3.0 Overview
Testing the Return Path
Using an Upstream Generator with FEC
Measuring/Analyzing Upstream Parameters
Live Demonstration of Return Path Impairments
Seminar Overview
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Broadband Arcitectures
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Return Path: Cable Modem Signal
Cable Modems in each home are sending data back to the CMTS which is located in the Headend
Cable Modems on the same coaxial cable are “time sharing” the bandwidth:
5 MHz to 42 MHz (Annex B)
5 MHz to 65 MHz (Annex A)
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Return Path
HFC Network Structure
Node
Headend
Optical Link Optical AMP Amplifier
Tap #1
Tap #2
Home #1 Home #2
Home #3 Home #4
Return Path
TP 1: CMTS receiving signal quality
TP 2: RF level before electrical to optical conversion
TP 3: RF amplifier power output and tilt balancing with TP 4
TP 4: RF amplifier input signal level
TP 5: Tap #1 signal from Home #1 cable modem
TP 6: Tap #2 signal from Home #3 cable modem
TP 7: Signal loss between TP 6 and TP7
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Return Path Test Points
Node
Headend
Optical Link Optical AMP Amplifier
Tap #1
Tap #2
1 2 3 4
5
6
7
Home #1 Home #2
Home #3
Home #4
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Increase Upstream Bandwidth; What are the Problems?
HFC Return Path
Operators increase Return Path bandwidth by using higher QAM64, 128, 256.
Higher QAM introduces:
More noise sources affecting QAM64, 128 and 256
Must verify transmission quality with Return Path QAM analysis
5 42 65 80 100MHz
-25
dBmV
-40
Return Path Challenges
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Real Time Signals Voice over IP (CATV)
Off air broadcasting (Telcos)
Perception of Industries Telephone Companies
Cable Operators
Technology and Tools MPEG-4 (Telcos)
Automated ingress monitoring system (CATV)
The Challenges
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The Weakest Link
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Ingress Funneling Effect
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Bi-directional system return path funnelling effect
Impairments
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Radio Communications and Transient Noise
DOCSIS 3.0
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DOCSIS system
Enables transparent bi-directional of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, between the cable system headend and
customer location
DOCSIS specification
Defines PHY & MAC layer protocols for communication & Ethernet frame transport between CMTS & CM
DOCSIS network comprises:
Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) located at the headend
Cable Network - an all-coaxial or hybrid-fiber/coax (HFC) cable network
Cable Modem (CM) located at the Customer Premise
An Overview
DOCSIS
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Transparent IP traffic
Wide Area
Network Cable Network
(HFC)
CMTS Cable Modem CPE
CM/CPE
Interface
CMTS/WAN
Interface
Milestones
DOCSIS
DOCSIS 1.0 (1999)
• 1st products certified (CableLabs started project in 1996)
• Open standard for high-speed data over cable
• Modest security, Best-effort service
DOCSIS 1.1 (2000)
• Quality-of-Service (QoS) service flows
• Baseline Privacy Interface (BPI+) Certificates
• Improved privacy & encryption process
DOCSIS 2.0 (2002)
• Improved throughput & robustness on Upstream
• 64/128 QAM modulation & higher symbol rates with FEC
• Programmable interleaving to upstream channels
DOCSIS 3.0 (2006)
• Channel bonding (4U/4D) for increased capacity
• IPv6 support
• Improved security (AES)
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Support new high bandwidth services of 50 to 100Mbps
Migrate existing customers to higher tier services
Better and more robust data encryption
Provide more IP address space using IPv6
Limit and reduce node splits
Reduce overall cost of CMTS ports
Independent scalability of upstream & downstream
Business Drivers
DOCSIS 3.0
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Higher Bandwidth Applications
DOCSIS 3.0
Digital
Photos
Gaming
MP3
WMV
DVD
Blu-ray
SDTV
HDTV Mobile
Video
iPod
Walkman
You Tube
VOD
DVR/PVR
Data &
VoIP
Home
Networks
Web 2.0
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Consumers greed for speed
DOCSIS 3.0
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High bandwidth residential data and content
Video and photo uploads
Proliferation of social networking sites and applications
IP Video over DOCSIS (VDOC)
High definition Video to multiple devices
PCs, hybrid STBs, portable devices
High bandwidth Internet streaming
High Bandwidth Video conferencing
Cisco TelePresence
Commercial service
High bandwidth symmetrical data services
Bonded E1/T1 circuit emulation
High bandwidth Ethernet / L2VPN services
Services driving Channel Bonding
DOCSIS 3.0
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Major Feature Overview
DOCSIS 3.0
• Bonded Downstream Channels
• 56Mbps (RAW) each, 448Mbps Total Increased DS bandwidth
• Bonded Upstream Channels
• 27Mbps (RAW) each, 122Mbps Total Increased US bandwidth
• IPV6 allows for 3.4x1038 IP addresses
• IP addresses are lengthened from 32 bits to 128 bits IPv6
• Existing DOCSIS 1.0, 1.1 and 2.0 systems
• Scalable deployment with easy subscriber migration Backwards compatibility
• IPTV-type applications
• Efficient “switched-video-like” bandwidth usage IP Multicast
• E1 & T1 circuit emulation Commercial
• Early Authentication and Encryption (EAE) and AES 128bit encryption which is more robust and secure
Network Security
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Channel bonding basically means data is transmitted to/from Cable Modems
using multiple individual RF channels instead of a single channel
DS Channel Bonding
DOCSIS 3.0
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Using DOCSIS 3.0, data is transmitted to cable modems using multiple channels
Upstream Bonding
DOCSIS 3.0
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Using DOCSIS 3.0, upstream data is transmitted using multiple channels
Throughput Compared
DOCSIS 3.0
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DOCSIS Version Date Rates – Annex A
Downstream Upstream
1.1 ~ 55.62 (50) Mbps 10.29 (9) Mbps
2.0 ~ 55.62 (50) Mbps 30.72 (27) Mbps
3.0 (4 Channels) ~ 222.48 (200+) Mbps 122.88 (108+) Mbps
3.0 (8 Channels) ~ 444.96 (400+) Mbps 122.88 (108+) Mbps
DOCSIS 3.0 review
Physically the same as DOCSIS 2.0 signals
Consists of multiple QAM signals bonded logically together
Bonded channels can be contiguous or non-contiguous:
Contiguous - consists of frequency consecutive signals
Non-contiguous – interspersed with other carriers
MPEG-2 transport for downstream signals
QAM transport for upstream signals
IPv4 or IPv6 support
Enhanced security using EAE, etc.
Quick Summary
DOCSIS 3.0
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Testing the Return Path
Upstream Certification
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SLM with DOCSIS 3.0 Cable Modem
Upstream Generator with FEC
QAM Analyzer
Spectrum Analyzer
Return Path Sweep
Leakage Detection
Tools of the Trade Return Path Testing
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Check the DS and US power levels
‘Results’ should be displayed
Activate the Cable Modem
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Access to All Downstream Carriers and Upstream
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USG Setup menu: 1. Enter the USG test parameters, then tap ‘Start’
2. Select Remote for shortcuts to allow quick access of Spectrum and Return Path Analysis
Modes
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Using an USG with FEC
At 60 MHz
Upstream Certification
Marginal Ingress
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Presence of Ingress
At 39 MHz
Upstream Certification
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Marginal Ingress
Presence of Ingress
At 15 MHz
Upstream Certification
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Marginal Ingress
Presence of Ingress
Histogram Analysis
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No Errors
With Pre and Post
Errors
Linear Distortions & QAM Ingress
QAM Impairments
Linear Distortions
QAM Ingress
Shows noise under the QAM carrier
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Noise in the Return Band
Spectrum Analyzer
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MER/BER Demonstration
Impairment simulation
Thank You Questions?
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Tony Holmes
Tel: (510) 651-0500
www.veexinc.com
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