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Chapter IntroductionSection 1A Changing WorldSection 2Early ExplorationSection 3Spain in AmericaSection 4Exploring North AmericaChapter SummaryChapter AssessmentClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.Contents

Introduction 1Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.

Introduction 2Chapter ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Examine how technology made long sea voyages possible. Explore the factors that allowed great civilizations in Africa to flourish.Section 1: A Changing World

Introduction 3Chapter ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Explain Portugals leadership roles in exploration. Understand Columbuss plan for sailing to Asia.Section 2: Early Exploration

Introduction 4Chapter ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Evaluate the decline of the Aztec and Inca Empires in the Americas. Explore how Spain governed its empire in the Americas.Section 3: Spain in America

Introduction 5Chapter ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Explain how the Protestant Reformation affected North America. Evaluate why the activities of early traders encouraged exploration.Section 4: Exploring North America

Introduction 6Why It MattersAlthough the English have been the major influence on United States history, they are only part of the story. Beginning with Native Americans and continuing through time, people from many cultures came to the Americas.

Introduction 7The Impact TodayThe Americas today consist of people from cultures around the globe. Native Americans, Spanish, Africans, and others discussed in Chapter 2 have all played key roles in shaping the culture we now call American.

Introduction 8

Introduction 9

End of Introduction

Section 1-1Guide to ReadingClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.New knowledge and ideas led Europeans to explore overseas. classical Main IdeaKey TermsRenaissance technology astrolabe caravel pilgrimage mosque

Section 1-2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to Reading (cont.)Determining Cause and Effect As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 38 of your textbook and identify three reasons Europeans increased overseas exploration. how technology made long sea voyages possible. Reading StrategyRead to Learnhow great civilizations flourished in Africa.

Section 1-3Guide to Reading (cont.)Culture and Traditions The spirit of the Renaissance changed the way Europeans thought about the world.Section Theme

Section 1-4Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.

Section 1-5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Expanding Horizons Marco Polos book, Travels, written in 129697, described his travels to Asia. (pages 3839)It inspired Columbus and other explorers to journey to these lands 200 years later. The cities of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa became centers of the growing trade in goods such as spices, silks, perfumes, and precious stones.

Section 1-6Expanding Horizons (cont.) The Renaissance, a period of renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman learning, spread throughout Europe in the 1400s. (pages 3839)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.It encouraged Europeans to pursue new ideas and challenges and set the stage for exploration and discovery.

Section 1-7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Why do you think Western European explorers found Asia so interesting?Possible answer: Europeans had the ideas of becoming wealthy through foreign trade and learning about lifestyles in distant lands.Expanding Horizons (cont.) (pages 3839)

Section 1-8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Powerful Nations Emerge The development of large nation-states in Western Europe helped spark foreign trade and travel outside the region. (pages 3941)The monarchies of Spain, Portugal, England, and France looked for ways to increase the power and wealth of their countries.

Section 1-9Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Why was it necessary for monarchs to work at building powerful and wealthy countries?Possible answer: Countries wanted to appear powerful so they would not be invaded and overtaken by any other country. Wealth would allow the monarch to outfit a powerful army that could defend the country or invade another country.Powerful Nations Emerge (cont.) (pages 3941)

Section 1-10Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Technologys Impact Better maps and navigational instruments, such as the astrolabe and compass, helped navigators more accurately determine direction and location. (pages 4041)Larger and sturdier sailing vessels, such as the caravel, enabled sailors to travel faster and carry more people, cargo, and food. These advances enabled sailors to explore new routes, especially a sea route to Asia.

Section 1-11Technologys Impact (cont.)Portugal and Spain began searching for routes to Asia and traveled south to the West Coast of Africa. (pages 4041)

Section 1-12Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.How does modern technology make our lives easier?Possible answer: Modern technology helps us do things better, faster, more efficiently, and cost effectively.Technologys Impact (cont.) (pages 4041)

Section 1-13Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.African Kingdoms Three West African kingdoms flourished: Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. (pages 4142)Ghana was a huge trading empire between 400 and 1100. Its trade in gold and salt contributed to its prosperity. When Ghanas power declined, the empire saw new states emerge.

Section 1-14Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Mali and its capital, Timbuktu, became important Islamic centers. Mansa Musa, who ruled Mali from 1312 to 1337, was its greatest king. (pages 4142)He made a pilgrimage to Makkah (also spelled Mecca), the Muslim holy city. African Kingdoms (cont.)

Section 1-15The Songhai Empire rose in the late 1400s and became the largest in the history of West Africa. African Kingdoms (cont.) (pages 4142)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Its ruler, Askya Muhammad, encouraged trade with Europe and Asia and introduced to his country a legal system, a system of government, and schools. The empire fell in the late 1500s when the Moroccans attacked its trade centers.

Section 1-16Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Why did great empires arise in Africa?The resources of the land, the trade with North Africa, and powerful rulers helped create these great empires.African Kingdoms (cont.) (pages 4142)

Section 1-17Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.a period of intellectual and artistic creativity, c. 13001600__ 2.an instrument used by sailors to observe positions of the stars__ 3.relating to ancient Greece and Rome__ 4.the application of scientific discoveries to practical use__ 5.small, fast ship with a broad bowA.classicalB.RenaissanceC.technologyD.astrolabeE.caravelDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.BDACE

Section 1-18Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Checking for UnderstandingReviewing Facts Name three technological advances that furthered European exploration. Describe how these advances helped explorers.Possible answers: Mapmakers refined their methods and created more accurate maps; the astrolabe improved navigation; the three- masted caravel allowed ships to travel farther.

Section 1-19Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing ThemesCulture and Traditions How did the Islamic religion spread to the early kingdoms of Africa? What is the name of the holy book of Islam?The Islamic religion spread to the early kingdoms of Africa through trade between African kingdoms and Arab Muslims in North Africa. The holy book of Islam is called the Quran.

Section 1-20Critical ThinkingDrawing Conclusions Why do you think the Renaissance began in Italy and not in another part of Europe?Italys prosperity enabled citizens to pursue an interest in the regions past.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 1-21Analyzing VisualsGeography Skills Review the map of the African trading kingdoms on page 41 of your textbook. Which of the trading kingdoms was established earliest? In which region of Africa did the three trading kingdoms develop?The earliest trading kingdom was Ghana. The three trading kingdoms developed in West Africa.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 1-22Science Select a technological advance that has occurred during your lifetime. Compare its effects to the effects of one of the technological advances described in Section 1. Which has had the greater impact on society?

End of Section 1

Section 2-1Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to ReadingIn search of trade routes, Portuguese explorers ushered in an era of overseas exploration. line of demarcation Main IdeaKey Termsstrait circumnavigate

Section 2-2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to Reading (cont.)Organizing Information As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 43 of your textbook and identify explorers, when they traveled, and where they went. how Portugal led the way in overseas exploration. Reading StrategyRead to Learnabout Columbuss plan for sailing to Asia.

Section 2-3Guide to Reading (cont.)Geography and History In 1400 Europeans had a limited knowledge of the geography of the world.Section Theme

Section 2-4Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.Compass

Section 2-5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Seeking New Trade Routes The Portuguese were the leaders of early exploration. (pages 4345)They hoped to find a new route to China and India. They also helped to find a more direct way to get West African gold. Prince Henry of Portugal (also called Henry the Navigator) set up a center for exploration so that scientists could share their knowledge with shipbuilders and sailors.

Section 2-6Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Ships sailed south along the coast of West Africa (also called the Gold Coast) where they traded for gold and ivory and began buying slaves in the mid-1400s. In 1487 Bartholomeu Dias explored the southernmost part of Africa. This became known as the Cape of Good Hope. The king of Portugal hoped the passage around the tip of Africa would lead to a new route to India.Seeking New Trade Routes (cont.) (pages 4345)

Section 2-7In 1497, Vasco da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope. Seeking New Trade Routes (cont.) (pages 4345)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.He visited East African cities and reached India in 1498.

Section 2-8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Why do you think the Portuguese began buying slaves from West Africa?Possible answer: They traded goods for slaves so they could help make Portugal wealthy.Seeking New Trade Routes (cont.) (pages 4345)

Section 2-9Columbus Crosses the Atlantic The Vikings reached North America and established settlements in Iceland and Greenland in the 800s and 900s. (pages 4549)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Viking sailor Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland known as Vinland about the year 1000. Historians think that Vinland was North America. No one is sure what other parts of North America the Vikings explored.

Section 2-10Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored Columbus on his first voyage in August 1492. Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 4549)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.He set out with three ships to find a route to Asia. On October 12, 1492, he spotted land, named it San Salvador, and claimed it for Spain. He did not know that he had reached the Americas. He was convinced that he had reached the East Indies.

Section 2-11Columbus made three additional voyages in 1493, 1498, and 1502. Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 4549)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.He explored the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola, Cuba, and Jamaica and sailed along the coasts of Central America and northern South America. He claimed these lands for Spain.

Section 2-12Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed by Spain and Portugal to clarify the line of demarcation between their lands in the Americas. The treaty moved the line farther west so that Portugal would not be at a disadvantage. Spain was to have control of all the lands to the west of the line, and Portugal was to have control of all the lands to the east of the line.Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 4549)

Section 2-13Amerigo Vespucci mapped South Americas coastline in 1499. Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 4549)He concluded South America was a continent, but not part of Asia. European geographers called the continent America, in honor of Amerigo Vespucci. Vasco Nez de Balboa claimed the Pacific and adjoining lands for Spain. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Section 2-14Ferdinand Magellan, sailing from Spain in 1519, found a passage to the Pacific, the Strait of Magellan. Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 4549)Magellan sailed around South America and toward Spain. Magellan was killed in an island battle along the way, but a small number of his crew made it all the way to Spain. The crew became the first to circumnavigate the world.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Section 2-15Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Why did European explorers attempt these difficult journeys?Possible answer: European explorers attempted these journeys because of the excitement, gaining wealth and fame, being dedicated to a goal, and so on.Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 4549)

Section 2-16Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.a narrow passageway connecting two larger bodies of water__ 2.to sail around around the world__ 3.an imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean from the North Pole to the South Pole dividing the Americas between Spain and PortugalA.line of demarcationB.straitC.circumnavigateDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.BCA

Section 2-17Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Checking for UnderstandingReviewing Facts Who were the first Europeans to reach the Americas and when did they arrive?The first Europeans to reach the Americas were the Vikings (c. 1000), Christopher Columbus (1492), and Vasco Nez de Balboa (1513).

Section 2-18Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing ThemesGeography and History What nations signed the Treaty of Tordesillas? What was the purpose of the line of demarcation? How did the treaty affect European exploration of the Americas?Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas. The line of demarcation determined control of lands by Spain (all lands west of the line) and Portugal (all lands east of the line).

Section 2-19Critical ThinkingMaking Inferences For years, many history books have claimed that Columbus discovered America. Why do you think Native Americans might disagree with the choice of the word discovered in this statement? What might be a better word?Native Americans lived in the Americas before Columbus arrived. Better words may include: claimed, encountered, came upon, or reached.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 2-20Analyzing VisualsGeography Skills Review the map of European voyages of exploration on page 48; then answer the questions that follow. When did Verrazano make his voyage? For what country did he sail? How did Cabots route to the Americas differ from that of Columbus?Verrazano made his voyage in 1524. He sailed for France. Cabot traveled father north than Columbus.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 2-21Geography Draw a map of the world as you think Columbus might have seen it in 1492. Remember his error in calculating distance.

End of Section 2

Section 3-1Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to ReadingIn the sixteenth century, Spain established and governed a vast empire in the Americas. conquistador Main IdeaKey Termstribute pueblo mission presidio encomienda plantation

Section 3-2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to Reading (cont.)Organizing Information As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 51 of your textbook and identify Spanish conquistadors, along with the regions they explored. how the great Aztec and Inca Empires came to an end. Reading StrategyRead to Learnhow Spain governed its empire in the Americas.

Section 3-3Guide to Reading (cont.)Culture and Traditions The conquistadors conquered mighty empires in the Americas.Section Theme

Section 3-4Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.Conquistadors armor

Section 3-5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Spanish Conquistadors Conquistadors were explorers who settled in the Americas. (pages 5153)They received land grants from Spanish rulers in exchange for one-fifth of gold or treasure taken from the Americas. In 1521 Hernn Corts conquered the Aztec capital of Tenochtitln. He took their emperor Montezuma prisoner and gained control of the region. Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa in 1532 and later gained control of the Inca Empire.

Section 3-6The Spanish conquistadors conquered great Native American empires with their strong armies using guns, cannons, and horses. Spanish Conquistadors (cont.) (pages 5153)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The invaders also received the help of the Native Americans in overthrowing many existing rulers. Because the Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases, many of them became sick and died.

Section 3-7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.What personality traits do you think the conquistadors might have had?Possible answer: The conquistadors might have had traits such as goal-oriented, greedy, fearless, driven, and strong-willed.Spanish Conquistadors (cont.) (pages 5153)

Section 3-8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Spain in North America Spanish conquistadors also explored the southeastern and southwestern parts of North America in hopes of finding riches. (pages 5355)Juan Ponce de Len landed on the east coast of present-day Florida in 1513, looking for gold and the fountain of youth. In 1565 the first Spanish settlement in the United States, a fort, was established at St. Augustine, Florida.

Section 3-9Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Many conquistadors searched for wealth and the Seven Cities of Cibola. Some lost their lives as they searched for these cities because of stormy weather, lack of supplies, and illness. lvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca and Pnfilo de Narvez explored Florida and the coast of Mexico. In 1541 Hernando de Soto explored the southeastern region of North America.Spain in North America (cont.) (pages 5355)

Section 3-10Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.He crossed the Mississippi River and traveled as far west as present-day Oklahoma. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado traveled through northern Mexico and present-day Arizona and New Mexico. In 1540 he reached a town belonging to the Zuni people, but found no gold.Spain in North America (cont.) (pages 5355)

Section 3-11Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.What similarities do you see between these early conquistadors and the immigrants of today who are settling in the United States?Possible answer: Both share the ideas of hopes of a good or new life in another place, learning to adapt to a new environment, and being able to leave their homes for the unknown.Spain in North America (cont.) (pages 5355)

Section 3-12Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Spanish Rule The Spanish established three kinds of settlements in the Americas. Pueblos or towns were centers of trade. Missions were religious communities. Presidios were forts and usually built near a mission. The hierarchy of the social classes from upper to lower included: peninsulares who owned land, ran the local government, and served in the Catholic Church.(pages 5456)

Section 3-13Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Spanish Rule (cont.) creoles, or people born in the Americas to Spanish parents. mestizos, or people with both Spanish and Native American parents. Native Americans. enslaved Africans.(pages 5456)

Section 3-14The Spanish developed a system of encomiendas that created enslaved Native Americans. Spanish Rule (cont.) (pages 5456)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.A conquistador could demand taxes and labor from the Native Americans living on the land. Many Native Americans died from malnutrition and disease because of this grueling labor.

Section 3-15Bartolom de Las Casas, a priest, condemned this harsh treatment and fought against it. Spanish Rule (cont.) (pages 5456)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.As a result, Spain passed the New Laws in 1542 that forbade enslaving Native Americans.

Section 3-16The Spanish also developed the plantation system, or large estate. Spanish Rule (cont.) (pages 5456)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Spanish used Native Americans to work on the plantations, but in the mid-1500s, Africans were transported from West Africa to replace enslaved Native Americans. As a result, slave labor became an essential part of the Spanish and Portuguese economies.

Section 3-17Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Why do you think the social class system developed in the Americas?Possible answer: Most societies have social classes. The conquistadors brought Western European ideas about class structure to the Americas.Spanish Rule (cont.) (pages 5456)

Section 3-18Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.Spanish explorer in the Americas in the 1500s__ 2.religious settlement__ 3.money paid for protection__ 4.a large estate run by an owner or manager and farmed by laborers who lived there__ 5.home or community of homes built by Native AmericansA.conquistadorB.tributeC.puebloD.missionE.plantationDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.ADEBC

Section 3-19Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Checking for UnderstandingReviewing Facts What three kinds of settlements did Spain establish in the Americas? How did they differ?Spain established pueblos: centers for trade; missions: small religious communities; and presidios: forts built near a mission.

Section 3-20Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing ThemesCulture and Traditions What groups made up the class system in Spanish America?The class system in Spanish America was made up of peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans.

Section 3-21Critical ThinkingAnalyzing Primary Sources One conquistador explained, We came to serve God and the king, and also to get rich. In what way do you think conquistadors planned to serve God and the king?The conquistadors planned to serve God and the king by converting people to Christianity and claiming land and riches for the king.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 3-22Analyzing VisualsGeography Skills Review the map of Spanish exploration on page 52 of your textbook. What expedition traveled from Florida to the Mississippi River? Through what regions did the Coronado expedition travel?De Sotos expedition traveled from Florida to the Mississippi River. The Coronado expedition traveled through northern Mexico and present-day Arizona and New Mexico.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 3-23Geography Using cookbooks as references, create an all-American dinner menu that features only foods introduced to Europeans by Native Americans.

End of Section 3

Section 4-1Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to ReadingRivalries between countries, the search for a Northwest Passage to Asia, and early trading activities led to increased exploration of North America. mercantilism Main IdeaKey TermsColumbian Exchange Northwest Passage coureur de bois

Section 4-2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to Reading (cont.)Determining Cause and Effect As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 58 of your textbook and provide an effect for each cause. how the Protestant Reformation affected North America. Reading StrategyRead to Learnwhy the activities of early traders encouraged exploration.

Section 4-3Guide to Reading (cont.)Global Connections European nations competed for overseas land and resources.Section Theme

Section 4-4Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.Martin Luther

Section 4-5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.A Divided Church Martin Luther brought about changes in Europe in the 1500s with his opposition to Catholicism. (pages 5859)His protests began the Protestant Reformation. In France, John Calvin, a Christian theologist, broke away from the Catholic Church. For personal reasons, King Henry VIII established England as a Protestant nation.

Section 4-6When Europeans settled in America, they brought with them their religious beliefs of either Catholicism or Protestantism.A Divided Church (cont.) (pages 5859)

Section 4-7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Why do you think Martin Luther had so many followers?Possible answer: Many people felt repressed by the Catholic Church and were ready, in this age of discovery, to join a Protestant revolution.A Divided Church (cont.) (pages 5859)

Section 4-8Economic Rivalry The exploration of the Americas created rivalries between European countries to acquire colonies there. (pages 5962)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.These colonies provided resources and a market to sell European products.

Section 4-9The Columbian Exchange was a two-way exchange between the Americas and Europe, Asia, or Africa. Economic Rivalry (cont.) (pages 5962)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The exchange included crops, livestock, and other goods for enslaved Africans who worked on the plantations. Disease was a result of this exchange since Native Americans did not have the immunity to fight off European germs.

Section 4-10Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.England, France, and the Netherlands searched for a more direct route to Asia to compete with Spain and Portugal, who had claimed most of the Americas. This became known as the Northwest Passage. Instead of traveling around South America, they sailed along the northern coast to North America. John Cabot probably landed on the coast of Newfoundland in 1497. England was then able to establish claims in North America.Economic Rivalry (cont.) (pages 5962)

Section 4-11Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Giovanni da Verrazano sailed for France in 1524 and explored the coast of North America from present-day Nova Scotia south to the Carolinas. Jacques Cartier also sailed for France. He sailed up the St. Lawrence River and founded Mont-Royal (Montreal).Economic Rivalry (cont.) (pages 5962)

Section 4-12Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Henry Hudson sailed for the Dutch. He discovered the Hudson River in 1609. He sailed as far north as Albany. In 1610 he discovered Hudson Bay, thinking that he had reached the Pacific Ocean. He and his crew were unsuccessful in finding an outlet. In the 1600s France and the Netherlands set up trading posts in the Americas.Economic Rivalry (cont.) (pages 5962)

Section 4-13They were interested in economic opportunities, not building an empire. Economic Rivalry (cont.) (pages 5962)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Samuel de Champlain established a trading post for fur trading in Quebec and other parts of Canada. The Dutch established trading posts along the Hudson River.

Section 4-14Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Why was it important for Europeans to compete for territory in the Americas?Possible answer: Owning territory led to wealth, and wealth led to power. Each European country did not want its neighbors to become more powerful.Economic Rivalry (cont.) (pages 5962)

Section 4-15Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.water route to Asia through North America sought by European explorers__ 2.the theory that a states or nations power depended on its wealth__ 3.exchange of goods, ideas, and people between Europe and the Americas__ 4.French trapper living among Native AmericansA.mercantilismB.Columbian ExchangeC.Northwest PassageD.coureur de boisDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.C A B D

Section 4-16Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Checking for UnderstandingReviewing Facts What were English, French, and Dutch explorers searching for while charting the coast of North America?They were searching for a more direct water route to Asia.

Section 4-17Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing ThemesGlobal Connections How did French goals in the Americas differ from the goals of other European nations?The French wanted to make profits rather than settle land.

Section 4-18Critical ThinkingIdentifying Central Issues How did the economic theory of mercantilism influence the exploration and settlement of North America by Europeans?A nations power was based on its wealth, which was increased by acquiring gold and silver and developing trade. Overseas territories were seen as potential sources of wealth.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 4-19Analyzing VisualsGeography Skills Review the map, French Explorers, 15351682, on page 61 of your textbook. Which of the French explorers traveled farthest south? Along what river did Marquette and Joliet travel?La Salle traveled farthest south. Marquette and Joliet traveled along the Mississippi River.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 4-20Persuasive Writing Write a letter to one of the explorers who searched for a Northwest Passage. In the letter, explain why it is important for your nation to find a Northwest Passage.

End of Section 4

Chapter Summary 1

Chapter Summary 2

End of Chapter Summary

Chapter Assessment 1Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.Spanish explorer in the Americas in the 1500s__ 2.an instrument used by sailors to observe positions of stars__ 3.the theory that a states or nations power depended on its wealth__ 4.a period of intellectual and artistic creativity, c. 1300-1600A.RenaissanceB.astrolabeC.caravelD.conquistadorE.missionF.presidioG.mercantilismH.Northwest PassageDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.DAGB

Chapter Assessment 2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for UnderstandingDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.__ 5.Spanish fort in the Americas built to protect mission settlements__ 6.small, fast ship with a broad bow__ 7.water route to Asia through North America sought by European explorers__ 8.religious settlementF C H EA.RenaissanceB.astrolabeC.caravelD.conquistadorE.missionF.presidioG.mercantilismH.Northwest Passage

Chapter Assessment 3Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhy were Europeans interested in Asia?Europeans were interested in Asia for trade.

Chapter Assessment 4Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhere did the earliest Portuguese explorers sail?Dias sailed to the southernmost part of Africa. Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa to India.

Chapter Assessment 5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhat was the main reason the Spanish wanted to conquer the Aztec and the Inca?The Spanish wanted to conquer the Aztec and the Inca for their riches, mainly gold.

Chapter Assessment 6Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhat movement created religious rivalries in Europe that carried over into exploration of the Americas?The Protestant Reformation created religious rivalries in Europe that carried over into the exploration of the Americas.

Chapter Assessment 7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhat were explorers searching for during their explorations of the North American coast?Explorers were searching for a Northwest Passage.

Chapter Assessment 8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Critical ThinkingDrawing Conclusions Why do you think the Caribbean Islands are often referred to as the West Indies?Columbus originally believed he had landed in the East Indies near Asia. As a result, the islands were later named the West Indies.

Chapter Assessment 9Critical ThinkingAnalyzing Information Study the feature on the Columbian Exchange on page 60 of your textbook. What foods were shipped to Europe?Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, beans, and chocolate were shipped to Europe.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Chapter Assessment 10Geography and History ActivityStudy the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.

Chapter Assessment 11Geography and History ActivityThe Spanish missions were located in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Place In what present-day states were the Spanish missions located?

Chapter Assessment 12Geography and History ActivityThe northernmost Spanish mission was located near San Francisco.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Location Near what city was the northernmost Spanish mission located?

Chapter Assessment 13Geography and History ActivityA traveler leaving Mexico City to journey to San Diego would travel northwest.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Location In which direction would a traveler leaving Mexico City journey to reach San Diego?

Chapter Assessment 14Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question.Test-Taking Tip Eliminate answers that dont make sense. For instance, a woman could not be a prince, so B could not be the correct answer.Juana Ins de la Cruz was an unusual woman because she was famous as a Awriter.Bprince.Cfarmer.Dwarrior.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Standardized Test Practice

Chapter Assessment 15After what explorer is the Pacific end of the Panama Canal named?It is named after Vasco Nez de Balboa.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

End of Chapter Assessment

History OnlineExplore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to The American Republic to 1877 Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://tarvol1.glencoe.com

Causes and Effects

Curriculum Connection 2Geography Drawings of sea monsters appeared on many maps of this era. Tales of bizarre monsters enlivened the study of geography during Columbuss time. For many sailors, these monsters represented real threats and were more than flights of fancy. Sciapodes were monsters that had only one giant foot yet could walk amazingly fast. Monoculars were giants with a single eye in the middle of their forehead, and they ate only meat and raw fish. The cynocephalus were very intelligent and gifted with great intuition.

Curriculum Connection 4Economics During the Age of Exploration, European nations believed that their power, and ultimately their survival, depended on their acquisition of wealth. This national economic purpose, known as mercantilism, fueled not only exploration but also colonization. European nations considered their colonies as sources of raw materials, which were used to manufacture goods.

Did You Know 2Christopher ColumbusThe Nia, Pinta, and Santa MaraClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

Did You Know 2aChristopher Columbus never referred to himself as Columbus, a name found today on cities and buildings across America. Later in life he preferred to be called Cristbel Coln.

Did You Know 2bColumbuss largest ship, the Santa Mara, hit a reef off the coast of Haiti, destroying the ship. Columbus sailed home on the Nia, with the Pinta following behind. A storm west of the Azores separated the two boats. Later the Nia encountered another large storm, ripping off its sails and forcing the boat to dock in Lisbon. The Nia finally reached its home port of Palos on March 15, 1493. The Pinta arrived later that day.

WWWW? 2Eric the Red The Vikings told long tales, or sagas, about their adventures. One of the most popular sagas is about Eric the Red, who lived in Iceland. He led a sailing expedition that found a rich and fertile land he called Greenland. Eric the Red settled there with his family. While there, his wife gave birth to a son they named Leif. Other Viking sagas call Eric the Reds son Leif the Lucky because Leif found a new land he called Vinland. Scholars believe Vinland was present-day Newfoundland.

You Dont Say 3Floridas Flowers Ponce de Len landed in present-day North America during Easter, which Spaniards also referred to as the Feast of Flowers. He called this land of luxuriant vegetation Pasqua Florida, meaning Feast of Flowers. The name was later shortened to Florida.

Tech and History 1In the late 1500s and early 1600s, Spanish galleons carried gold and silver from the West Indies to Spain. Thats not all these ships carried, however. The threat of pirates prompted the Spanish galleons to carry weapons as part of their cargo.Spanish GalleonThis feature can be found on page 45 of your textbook.

Tech and History 2Two or three sails on the foremast and mainmast allowed the ship to catch the wind.1This feature can be found on page 45 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Tech and History 3Elaborate living quarters for the captain were placed within the high sterncastle. The rest of the crew slept on the deck.2This feature can be found on page 45 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Tech and History 4Strong hands were needed to climb the rigging into the crows nest, or lookout platform.3This feature can be found on page 45 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Tech and History 5Stones and bricks provided ballast to keep the ship from tipping over. These stones would be replaced with cargo in the Americas. Many colonial streets and sidewalks were paved with ballast stones.4This feature can be found on page 45 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Tech and History 6This feature can be found on page 45 of your textbook. Spanish Galleon

SkillBuilder 1Reading a Time LineWhy Learn This Skill?Knowing the relationship of time to events is important in studying history. A time line is a visual way to show chronological order within a time period. Most time lines are divided into sections representing equal time intervals. For example, a time line showing 1,000 years might be divided into ten 100-year sections. Each event on a time line appears beside the date when the event took place. This feature can be found on page 63 of your textbook. Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.

SkillBuilder 2This feature can be found on page 63 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Learning the SkillTo read a time line, follow these steps: Find the dates on the opposite ends of the time line to know the time span. Also note the intervals between dates on the time line. Study the order of events. Analyze relationships among events or look for trends.Reading a Time Line

SkillBuilder 3Practicing the SkillAnalyze the time line of Magellans voyage below. Use it to answer the questions that follow.This feature can be found on page 63 of your textbook. Reading a Time Line

SkillBuilder 4Practicing the SkillThis feature can be found on page 63 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.1.What time span is represented?The span from 1480 to the 1520s is represented.2.How many years do each of the sections represent?Each section represents 10 years.Reading a Time Line

SkillBuilder 5Practicing the SkillThis feature can be found on page 63 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.3.Did Magellans voyage to the Spice Islands occur before or after his voyage to the Philippines?His voyage to the Spice Islands occurred before his voyage to the Philippines.4.How long did Magellans voyage around the world take?Magellans voyage around the world took 3 years.Reading a Time Line

Video 1Exploring the AmericasAfter viewing Exploring the Americas, you should: Know that St. Augustine, Florida, was the first permanent settlement in America. Understand that the Spanish and French fought for ownership of the land. Recognize that Native American inhabitants were either enslaved or killed.ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click in the window above to view a preview of The American Republic to 1877 video.

Video 2Discussion QuestionWhy was Spain interested in Florida?Exploring the AmericasThe Spanish thought they would find riches in Florida, and they wanted to use Floridas Gulf Stream waters as treasure lanesthe routes their ships would take on their way back home.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Video 3Discussion QuestionWhat skills did the Indians teach the settlers?Exploring the AmericasThe Indians taught the settlers how to hunt, make fire with moss, grow new crops such as corn, and make food from their crops.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Maps and Charts 1

Maps and Charts 2

Maps and Charts 3

Maps and Charts 4

Why It Matters Transparency

Daily Focus Skills 1Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.They both have Paradise at the top, Asia below Paradise, Europe to the left, Africa to the right, and they both include the Mediterranean Sea.

Daily Focus Skills 2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Daily Focus Skills 3Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Native Americans and African Americans

Daily Focus Skills 4Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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