Sustainable biomass for green power - laborelec.be · Sustainable biomass for green power ......

LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 1

Biomass & Waste Competence Centre

Sustainable biomass for green power

Yves [email protected]


ContentContent

1. Technologies and biofuels2. Realisations of Electrabel in Europe3. Traded biomass: wood pellets4. Belgian legislation for green certificates5. Sustainability6. Conclusions


Centralised biomass technologies within EBLCentralised biomass technologies within EBL

Indirect co-firing with partialgasification

biomass

hot syngas 850°C

CFB gasifier

Indirect co-firing with partialgasification

biomass

hot syngas 850°C

CFB gasifier

biomass

biomass dust

coal mill

Direct co-firingwith common injection

biomass

biomass dust

coal mill

Direct co-firingwith common injection

Direct co-firingwith separate injection

Silos de granulés

Gaz naturel ventilateur

Silo pouss. bois

Déchargement

chaudièreGénérateur d’électricité

vapeur

flue gas

réseau

Silos de granulés

Gaz naturel ventilateur

Silo pouss. bois

Déchargement

chaudièreGénérateur d’électricité

vapeur

flue gas

réseau

Retrofit of PC power plant


Biomass fuels within Biomass fuels within ElectrabelElectrabelDried sewage sludgeOlive cakeCoffee ground

Wood pellets

Wood dust

Fresh and recycledwood chips


capacity cocapacity co--firing biomass in EURfiring biomass in EURUNIT Hardcoal Biomass CAPACITY Green power

MWe products ton/year MWeUNIT 3 130 Olive cake 35.000 12UNIT 4 122 Wood dust 50.000 14UNIT 5 190 Bio-dust 150.000 35

Wood chips 100.000 17Olive cake 35.000 9

Wood pellets 300.000 68

UNIT 1 258 Sewage sludge 30.000 4Olive cake 35.000 10

UNIT 2 258 Biomass dust 100.000 28Belgium AWIRS 100%

UNIT 4 0 Wood pellets 400.000 80

Netherlands GELDERLAND 3%

UNIT 13 635 Wood dust 60000 17

Poland POLANIEC 10%

8 UNITS 1680 Wood chips 600000 150

TOTAL 3541 Biomass 1.895.000 444920.000 205975.000 239

ELECTRABEL BIOMASS POWER PLANTS

SITE + % biomass

Belgium RUIEN 15%

Belgium RODENHUIZE 30%Belgium LANGERLO 8%

UNIT 4 268

Essentially importedEssentially local origin


Liège

RODENHUIZERODENHUIZE80 MW80 MW= 25%= 25%

Gent

LES AWIRSLES AWIRS80 MW80 MW= 100%= 100%

WOOD PELLETSWOOD PELLETSabout 700 kt/yabout 700 kt/y

Both plants commissioned in Aug 2005


10 – 40 mm4 – 10 mm

SpecificationsQuality norms pellets sept-04

Parameters Units ElectrabelDiameter mm 4-10Length 10-40 mmVolatile matterWater content % DM < 10 %Bulk (apparent) density kg/m3 > 600Low heating value GJ/ton ar > 17Ash content % DM < 1%Bark content < 5%Initial melting temperature (red cond) °C > 1200°CCl % DM < 0,03 %S % DM < 0,2%F ppm < 30Additives (past, vegetal oil) % FORBIDDENWaste wood Qualitative FORBIDDENHeavy metalsAs mg/kg DM < 2Cd mg/kg DM < 1Cr mg/kg DM < 15Cu mg/kg DM < 20Hg mg/kg DM < 1Pb mg/kg DM < 20Zn mg/kg DMBenzo-a-pyrene mg/kg DM < 0,5Pentachlorphenol mg/kg DM < 3Particle size distribution minimum% < 3.0 mm (Durability) 100,0%% < 2.0 mm 95,0%% < 1.5 mm 75,0%% < 1.0 mm 50,0%

The wood pellets are made of saw dust and shavings, being by-products of saw mills

Wood pellets composition


Why pellets for long distance ?Why pellets for long distance ?Chain costs for a European situation, international transport distance 1500 km

Chain costs for a Latin-American situation, international transport distance 10,000 km

The average pellet production costs in Sweden is a third less expensive than in Austria

Overseas production can compete very well with European local production: import in Sweden cheaper than local


World production of wood pelletsWorld production of wood pelletsA booming market still with high increase capacity


Traded biomass: pelletsTraded biomass: pellets

Advantages of pellets:bulk material can be easily transported on road, rail, waterhigh energy contentfavorable dosing quality (homogeneous fuel)combustion technology can technically be adapted high efficiency factorlow emissionsconvenient fuel handling

Disadvantages of pellets:logistics have to take care of specific fuel propertiesmilling of pellets for large scale application


Trade of liquid biomassTrade of liquid biomass: : palm oil not used by palm oil not used by ElectrabelElectrabel


RSPO palm oil certificationRSPO palm oil certification


RSPO palm oil certificationRSPO palm oil certificationOption 1: segregation

certified material is kept separated from the plantation up to the consumption

Option 2: mass balancecertified material is from the plantation is mixed with non certified product and a certification % is defined

Option 2: book & claimNo physical link between certificate and product: traceability of the physical product does not apply


Belgium: definition of renewable biomassBelgium: definition of renewable biomass

prevention

recycling

re-use

energyrecuperation

landfill

Flanders : Biomass = lista) products from forestry and agriculture;b) animal manurec) organic-biological waste (sorted out or MSW) according to “ladder of Lanink”d) municipal solid waste, if the incinerator recuperates at least 35% of the energy content of MSW under the form of primary energy

Ladder of Lansink

Wallonia :Renewable energy source = non fossil, non nuclear sources whose Renewable energy source = non fossil, non nuclear sources whose consumption is not limited towards the futureconsumption is not limited towards the future

sustainabilitysustainability of the biomass source is requestedof the biomass source is requestedevaluation occurs on the base of avoided CO2 (LCA of supply chaievaluation occurs on the base of avoided CO2 (LCA of supply chain)n)


Belgium: green certificatesBelgium: green certificatesFlanders : obligation 3,75% x 50TWh= 1,875 TWh, 1GC=125 €

green certificates granted according to energy balance of supply chain and reference STAG PP

Wallonia : obligation 7,00% x 23,5 TWh=1,65 TWh, 1GC=100€green certificates granted according to proven sustainability, CO2 balance of supply chain and reference STAG PPAll fuels have reference CO2 emission according to LCA

Natural gas = 251 kgCO2/MWhpCoal = 396 kgCO2/MWhpWood pellets = 55 kgCO2/MWhp

MWhelGC ∗⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛ =∗−= %65

%3455%

251551# 55%55

251

%55# ∗−−= pel MWhfossiluseyelectricitMWhnetGC


Specific rate of fossile GHG generationSpecific rate of fossile GHG generationin kg CO2eq/MWh primary energy (CWaPEin kg CO2eq/MWh primary energy (CWaPE--WAL)WAL)

NON FOSSILE kgCO2/MWhp %green certwind/solar/hydraulics 0 100organic biodegradable matters 0 100

milling 4 98transport on max. 100 km 5 97drying 10 94

corn crops 22 87wood 23 87cultivated wood (short rotation coppices) 45 74coleseed oil 65 63bio-diesel 80 54

FOSSILEnatural gas 251gasoil 306light fuel oil 310heavy fuel oil 320coal 385

the reference


Sustainability of bioSustainability of bio--fuelsfuels

References for bioReferences for bio--fuelsfuels-- FForest orest SStewardship tewardship CCouncilouncil--forest certificates or eqv (PEFC)forest certificates or eqv (PEFC)-- UNUN RRoundTable oundTable SSustainable ustainable PPalm alm OOilil-- Cramer Commissie NederlandCramer Commissie Nederland


Principles of sustainable bioPrinciples of sustainable bio--energyenergy

TECHNICAL CRITERIATECHNICAL CRITERIAControled impact on environment (water, air, soil)Energy & CO2 balance: controlled use of fossil energy along the supply chainRespect of local and national legislationsAfforestation plans

SOCIAL CRITERIASOCIAL CRITERIARespect of rights and prosperity of inhabitants Respect of rights and prosperity of workers Respect of right and responsibility for soil use Protection of primary forests with high value

Social criteria must be verified through international Social criteria must be verified through international certification systems or bilateral agreementscertification systems or bilateral agreements


Sustainability principles implemented by Electrabel

Certified or at least evidencefor responsible management of the forestsincluding afforestation plans Respect of international legislation Controlled impact on environment (soil, air, water)

Traceability

Origin of raw material• primary product or residue• bio-fuel or waste

Energy/CO2 balance of supply chain• electricity use• fossil primary energy use• transport

Laborelec

Sustainability

Certificate

Independent reporting

Track & trace system Electrabel fuel

logistics


Independent inspection of supply chainIndependent inspection of supply chainRaw materialRaw material PelletsPellets TransportTransport Power PlantPower PlantHarbourHarbour


Flatboat from ARAG:Avg. diesel use

Sea transport:Capacity in tonsDistance in milesNumber of days of seaConsumption/sea day

Transport of pellets:Distance to harbourTruck or train

Pelleting:Electricity/ton pellets

(and origin)Fossile/ton pelletsBiomass/ton pellets

Transport of raw material:Avg. distanceMax. distance

Awirs

Energy use of biomass supplyEnergy use of biomass supply


Energy balance in Energy balance in MWhMWh eqv electricityeqv electricity

18001800180018001800GROSS (38%)

262277233185158TOTAL

91%

6

2

150

GermanyNL

87%

60

3

170

Sweden

85%

125

17

120

Canada

85%90%Granted GC

6050Sea-Rivertransport

175Local transport

200130Pelletising

RussiaBalticPhase

Electricity use always subtracted x 100% from net green powerFossil fuel for production and transported subtracted x 55%with respect to ref. STAG power plant with η= 55 % efficiency


COCO22 balance in balance in kgCOkgCO22/MWh/MWh primary energyprimary energy

3231242218TOTAL

89%

2

4

1

11

Germany

84%

2

5

2

15

Sweden

79%

2

15

2

13

Canada

80%86%Granted GC

22Rivertransport

76Sea/Rivertransport

21Local transport

2013Pelletising

RussiaBalticPhase

Green certificates are calculated on the base of avoided CO2 with respect to ref. STAG power plant and ref. CO2 for biomassLegal reference Wallonia for imported wood pellets: 55= 65%


International Energy AgencyInternational Energy AgencyTASK 40 BIO-ENERGY FAIR-TRADEtowards a real commodity market for bio-fuels

www.bioenergytrade.org


Presentation of the certification schemePresentation of the certification scheme2006IEA Task 40 workshop together with Eubionet II on Biomass Trade, Utrecht, 30-31 JAN 2006Joint Seminar of IEA Task38 and IEA Task40 on Greenhouse gas credits trade versus biomass trade, Trondheim, 3-7 APR 200610 jaar Organisatie Duurzame Energie in Vlaanderen (ODE), 27 APR 20062nd World Conference on Wood Pellets in Jönköping, Sweden, 31 MAY—2 JUN 2006Biomassaplatform Vlaanderen over de duurzaamheid van ingevoerde biomassa, Brussel, (VEA), 30 AUG 2006International conference European Legislation to Promote Bioenergy, Brussels, 6-7 OCT 20006IFEST, 13 OCT 20006SenterNovem Werkgroep over de duurzaamheid van ingevoerde biomassa in NL, Utrecht, 19 OCT 20006International conference ‘Biomass for Energy: Challenges for Agriculture’, Bruges, 25-26 OCT 20006

2007IEA Task40 + EUBIONET Meeting, Rotterdam, 19 FEB 2007Energik studiedag DE WERELD VAN BIO-ENERGIE IS OPEN !!!, Anderlecht, 24 MAY 2007Workshop on Trade in Bio-energy and the Potential Role for Biomass Certification , IEA-OECD, Paris, 8 JUN 2007Electrabel Environmental days, Linkebeek, 26 JUN 2007BIOPEC Meeting, Utrecht, 4 SEP 2007


MAIN DIFFICULTIESMAIN DIFFICULTIES

LL : Logistics and organization (volume !): Logistics and organization (volume !)AA : Administrative : stability of regulations ?: Administrative : stability of regulations ?

Operation license Operation license Emissions regulations Emissions regulations Green CertificationGreen Certification

SS : Supply : market growing, prices rise: Supply : market growing, prices riseTT : Technical : specific technical adaptations: Technical : specific technical adaptations

Long delays = loss of opportunitiesLong delays = loss of opportunities……


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