SUO Planning & Decision Aids Austin Tate, AIAI, University of Edinburgh David Wilkins, SRI...

OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office

SUO Planning & Decision AidsSUO Planning & Decision Aids

Austin Tate, AIAI, University of Edinburgh

David Wilkins, SRI International

• Capability to communicate, refine, execute and repair plans across multiple echelons from company level down to platoon and squad level.

• Two examples of COA plan generation and use:– one offensive (MOUT);– one defensive (protect pass in mixed terrain).


ARPI/PDA Goal, Themes & Participants

ARPIARPI

DARPADARPA

GOAL: Develop, demonstrate, and transition advanced knowledge-based technology for automatic and interactive planning, scheduling, and decision making to allow better, faster planning in complex, stressed situations

Integrated Planning &Scheduling

CMU

Kestrel

Arizona St.University

U Oregon

Case-BasedPlanning

CMU

MITRE

U. Maryland

ModelingSimulation

& Evaluation

U. Mass

Klein

NorthwesternUniversity

U. Edinburgh

U. Rochester

KB PlanningSystems

SRI

Representation& Intelligent KB

USC/ISI

Loral

GE CRD

Planning UnderUncertainty

Brown University

Rockwell Int’l

U Washington

ISTI

U. Edinburgh

WorkflowManagement &

Process Control

MCC

U Wisconsin UCLA

ISX

BBNHoneywell


Long-term Contributions of PDA to the Soldier

• Shared plan representations cognizant of military principles, doctrine, SOPs and TTPs. Makes possible:

• Doctrinally correct plan usable by everyone.

• Fast generation of multiple distinct COAs, including ones the commander may not have considered.

• Support commander creativity through human guidance.

• Uniformly high plan quality, even during high-stress crises.

• Continuous analysis of the plan using multiple metrics.

• Monitor plan execution and respond quickly to events, helping the commander modify the plan appropriately.

• Provide relevant information to other echelons, allowing fast communication while preserving bandwidth.


Key Issues for SUOKey Issues for SUO

The underlying plan representations must be done correctly to support the desired command and control loop

Plans are: doctrinally correct uniform high quality

Beliefs,Resources,Constraints

OperatorsGoalsAdvice

Planner

PLAN: Action Structure

Soldiers and sensors in the field(apply SOPs)

Actions

Plan Managerworking with the CommanderRapidly respond to events, changing

actions and reallocating resources, comms. to other echelons if necessary


Technical Contributions by SRI/AIAI to SUO

• Contribution to the representation of shared objectives, plans, processes, SOPs and TTPs in SUO.

• Generation of multiple qualitatively distinct alternative COAs dependent upon alternative assumptions and advice about the situation.

• Support for mixed-initiative incremental plan development, manipulation and use.

• Plan repair as situation changes.

• Systems integration framework for modular planning and plan analysis systems.

• Management of planning and execution process - promotion of intelligent process management and workflow concepts.


SUO/PDA Input to SUO/SAS ProgramSUO/PDA Input to SUO/SAS Program

• Aim is to communicate and transfer some of the relevant results of the ARPI/PDA work to SUO.

• To do this by joining in the SUO. Community and understanding its requirements.

• To demonstrate some appropriate and relevant Advanced Planning & Decision Aids Technology.

• To be helpful to the contracting teams.• AIAI/SRI want to act as a conduit to the work of

others where they can see its potential relevance.


SUO/PDA Preliminary WorkplanSUO/PDA Preliminary Workplan

Phase 1: Familiarization& Domain Modeling

Dec98--->Mar99 Apr99----------->Jun99 Jul99------------->Dec99 Jan00--->Mar00

Phase 2: Demo Storyboard,Concept Proofs & FurtherDomain Modeling

Phase 3: System Adaptation& Demo Production

Phase 4: TransferOf Results


More Detailed SlidesMore Detailed Slides

May not be necessary for

9-Feb-99 Briefing


SUO Planning & Decision Aids

Advanced Planning Technology Schedule• 1QCY99 - Domain familiarization. Domain modeling. Create initial plan and activity templates for offensive and defensive scenarios.

• 2QCY99 - SUO Scenario and storyboard/demo script development. Walk through of technology requirements, mockup of non-working parts. Produce demo script and scenarios.

• 3QCY99 - Technology and demonstration development first pass, mock demonstration.

• 4QCY99 - Full demonstration development.

• 1QCY00 - Transition and communication of results to SUO contractor. Refinement of demonstration and technology. Integration of further modules to support more effective demonstrations.

• Use results of DARPA/AFRL Planning Initiative (ARPI) and Planning & Decision Aids (PDA) work

• Multi-Agent Planning Architecture (MPA) and O-Plan Systems Integration Architecture

• SIPE-2 and O-Plan Generative Planners

• Mixed Initiative Planning Aids

• Planning Domain Knowledge Acquisition Tools/Editors

• Plan Repair Algorithms

• Planning Process Panels

• Rich Shared Plan Representations

SUO/PDA Objective

Capability to communicate, refine, execute and repair plans across multiple echelons from company level down to platoon and squad level.

Two examples of COA plan generation and use:- one offensive (MOUT);- one defensive (protect pass in mixed terrain).


Example of SRI ARPI/PDA WorkGiving Advice to a PlannerExample of SRI ARPI/PDA WorkGiving Advice to a Planner

Integrating human judgement fixes many shortcomings of

automated planning technology

Heuristic search algorithm plans quickly maintains all constraints

State ofthe World

Actions OneMight Take

Objectives

Beliefs,Resources,Constraints

Operators

Goals

SIPE-2 Planner

PLAN: Action Structure

SIPE-2Execution Monitor and Replanner

Actions

Commander’sGuidance

Advice

Advice: qualitatively different COAs “directed” search of options


Example of AIAI ARPI/PDA WorkEdinburgh O-Plan ProjectExample of AIAI ARPI/PDA WorkEdinburgh O-Plan Project

• Using domain constraints to support the coordinated development of plans.

• Communication between users acting as Task Assigner and Planner.

• Intelligent workflow model of planning based on “issue” handling (agenda/to-do list).

• Simplified planner interfaces to allow ”plug and plan” component integration.

• Uniform manipulation of plans as a set of constraints (<I-N-OVA> model).

MILESTONES (1996-98)

NEW IDEAS

IMPACT

CONCEPT

Task Direction& Plan Analysis

COA-2COA-1 Planning WorkflowOption: COA-2Phase: Deployment

World View

Option COA-2Authority: ...

Order Issued: .. Plan View

Plan Development& Refinement

TaskAssigner Planner

...Criteria 1Criteria 2Criteria 3...

Q4/Y1

Q4/Y2

Q4/Y3

• MIP Demonstration in Pacifica NEO• Initial Evaluation Matrix• Demonstration scenario development

• Workflow Planning Aid Experiments• TIE with Rochester on Tasking• Release of O-Plan Version 3.1• Evaluation Experiments Interim Report

• Mixed Initiative Planning Demo.• TIE with USC/ISI on plan evaluation• Release of O-Plan Version 3.2• Final Evaluation Report

• Generation of multiple qualitatively distinct alternative COAs dependent upon alternative assumptions concerning the emerging crisis.

• Support for mixed-initiative incremental plan development, manipulation and use.

• Promotion of intelligent process management and workflow concepts.

• Integration framework for large-scale modular planning systems.

• Contribution to shared plan representations.


SUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchKnowledge Acquisition StageSUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchKnowledge Acquisition Stage

Process ModelingMethods & Tools

Modeler orKnowledge

Engineer

Army CALL BulletinsDoctrine, SOP, TTP

Domain ModelActivity

Templates &ConstraintsSubject Matter Experts


SUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchPlanning & Decision Aids Use StageSUO/PDA Preliminary Systems SketchPlanning & Decision Aids Use Stage

Echelon NPlanning &

Execution System

Other ModulesEchelon N

Planning-relatedSupport Modules

OPORDFRAGO Reports

Echelon N+1Planning &

Execution System

Other ModulesEchelon N+1


OPORDFRAGO Reports

OPORDFRAGO Reports


Templates &Constraints

Com

pany

Lev

elP

lato

on/S

quad

Lev

el


SUO/PDA Preliminary System SketchInstantiation of ComponentsSUO/PDA Preliminary System SketchInstantiation of Components

Echelon NPlanning &

Execution System

Other ModulesEchelon N


Echelon N+1Planning &

Execution System

Other ModulesEchelon N+1



Templates &Constraints

E.g., MPA, SIPE-2, O-Plan, ACP3

E.g., Plan Sketch ToolE.g., Web O-Plan, O-P3

E.g., ModSAF,Blue/Red Force Laydown

E.g., Act Editor, CPF

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