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Summary )4 ?MMMMMMMMMion …wiscsims/HiRes2015/pdfs/posters/... · 2015. 6. 12. · ‰ , T ° I L...
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The collective suite of cementing minerals in a sandstone has the potential to preserve chemical and morphological evidence of both the initial burial conditions and the host of low temperature chemical and mechanical burial processes that affected it at depthh >µ;> allows for the measurement of stable isotope ratios from areas ,‰ μm and smallerd and when applied to cementsd can in turn provide constraints on regional burial history and events that may influence the degree of porosityh SchematicM diagramM ofM diageneticM effectsM knownM toM occurM inM worldwideM sandv stonesM withM increasingM temperatureM andM burial.M HementsM formedM duringM theseM processesM haveM theM potentialM toM recordM theM fullM historyM ofM compactiongM periodsM ofM mineralM alterationgM hydrocarbonM generationgM andM pulsesM ofM fluidgM meteoricM orM otherwise.M 9igureM adaptedM fromM WordenM andM =urleygM xOOE. >econdary µon ;ass >pectrometry U>µ;>H involves sputtering a surface with a narrow beam of tprimary ionsdt typically ~s b or ' p h Upon impact with the surfaced tsecondary ionst originating from the sample are produced and counted with a mass spectrometerh <ecent advances in the analysis of carbonate minerals by >µ;> allow inpsitu measurements of δ ,E ' and δ ,° ~ from areas ≤,‰ μm in diameterh [recision of ±‰h°‰ UT>jH is attainable for δ ,E ' with a ,‰ μm spotK for δ ,° ~ precision of ±‰hx‰ UT>jH is attainable with a L μm spoth µnstrumentpinduced mass fractionations were corrected using the method outlined in >liwinski et alhd T‰,L Uin reviewHh Effects of Burial Depth on Basin Cements RightTM fQUM MeasuredM detritalM quartzM valuesgM plottedM byM depth.M TheyM clusterM aroundM PO‰gM consistentM withM magmaticBmetamorphicM grainsM sourcedM fromM basementM rock.M f=UM MeasuredM quartzM overgrowthM valuesgM plottedM byM depth.M QlsoMplottedMareMlinesMdenotingMtheMexpectedMvaluesMforMquartzMprecipitatingM fromMaMbF°HMseawatergMandMaMEO°HBkmM geotherm.MTheMrangeMinMovergrowthM oxygenM isotopeM valuesM increasesM withM depthM andM temperatureM andM bridgesM theMgapMbetweenMtheM bF°HMandMEO°HBkmMlinesgMsuggestingMthatMquartzMgrewM throughoutM burial.M TheM EO°HBkmM geothermM assumesM PkmM ofM sedimentM hasM beenM removedM sinceM maximumM burial.M fHUM *ifferenceM inM overgrowthM δ P: OM valuesM fromM earliestM growthM toM latestM growth.M *QM 4M *etritalM QuartzgM OQM 4M OvergrowthMQuartz.MQdaptedMfromM;yodoMetMal.gMxOPb. Previous Work ·ased on past >µ;> analysis at the UWp;adisond it has been suggested that δ ,E 'pzoned sandstone quartz overgrowths record thermal changes associated with burial consistently throughout the burial history of the µllinois ·asin URelly et alhd T‰‰xK [ollington et alhd T‰,,K 9yodo et alhd T‰,IHh Present Work The quartz and zoned dolomitepankerites studied here deviate from the calculated max burial geotherm range at very shallow Ulikely due to meteoric interactionH and extreme depths Udue to minimal remaining pore space to accomodate cement growthHh ;oderate depths conform surprisingly well to a °‰°~Qkm geotherm curveh Carbon isotopes z plot of carbon analyses by depth suggests a firstporder difference between the diagenetic processes operating in the ;th >imon and >th [eter sandstonesd with a potentially diminished influence of organics on carbonate formation in the >th [eterh NearM RightTM QllM quartzM δ P: OM dataM byM depth.M QsM abovegM valuesM plottingM aroundM PO‰M areM fromM detritalM grains.M VerticalMblackMlineMreflectsMtheMpredictedMvaluesMatMbF°H. 9arMRightTMQllMzonedMdolomiteMankeriteMδ P: OManalysesMbyM depth. -TemperaturesM calculatedM usingM theM fractionationM equationsM ofM 9riedmanM andM OVNeilM fPq33UM forM quartz‰M andM;oritaMfxOPbUMforMdolomite. Trends in Fe Content The carbonate cements present in the ;th >imon and >th [eter sandstones are predominantly zoned dolomitepankeritesh µron content is highly variabled and for the most part only correlates strongly with δ ,E ' and δ ,° ~ locally within individual samplesh The most ankeritic compositions studied occur in the ;th >imon sandstone Udiamondsd belowHh The ;th >imon is thought to have been the main conduit for ;VT brinesh This material is based upon work supported by the U(S( Lepartment of Energy Office of Science4 Office of Vasic Energy Sciences Energy Frontier Research qenters program under zward Number LE8FGvH8I6ERP76WI( Summary ,H >µ;> analysis of δ ,E ' and δ ,° ~ in the cements of clastic rocks reveals the presence of micronpscale zonations that would be homogenized and lost with more traditional analytical methodsh TH δ ,E ' values tend to decrease towards the rims of quartz and dolomitepankerite cementsd likely reflecting later interaction with hotterd deeper fluidsh °H Zoned dolomitepankerites in the >th [eter sandstone show a marked drop in δ ,E ' that correlates to a sharp increase in Nend likely reflecting a basinpwide diagenetic signal and possibly recording the arrival of ;VT orepforming fluidsh fQboveUM SchematicM ofM theM LMSPx:OgM availableM onM theM WiscSLMSMwebsiteMfhttpTBBwww.geology.wisc.eduBfacilitiesB wiscsimsBU. What is Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry? ,SIMSU TheMsputteringMofMtheMsampleMsurfaceM withMHs v MionsMfleftUMleavesMaMvisibleMpitM inMtheMsampleMsurfaceMfaboveU.M The Illinois Basin The relatively quiescent nature of the µllinois ·asin of the Upper ;idwestd and the extensive study it has receivedd mean that this [aleozoic depositional structure provides an ideal environment in which to study the lowptemperature diagenesis of sedimentary rocks in unprecedented detaild and in doing so evaluate global models of basin evolutionh The µllinois ·asinCs low burial and compaction driven fluid fluxes were punctuated by a brief period of metalpcarrying brine migrationd driven through the sandstone aquifers by uplift in the 'uachitas and associated with the ;ississippip Valley Type U;VTH ore deposits Ucah Tx‰ ;aH of the Upper ;ississippi Valleyh RightTM HoreM localitiesM fromM whichM samplesM wereM selected.M SignificantM oreMdistrictsMareMcoloredMtan.M =elowTM NvSM transectM displayingM theM depthsM ofM theM Mt.M SimonM andM St.M PeterM sandstonesgM asM wellM asM drillM coresM fverticalM linesUM andM coreM sampleMlocationsMfblackMdotsU. This study focused on the >th [eter and ;th >imon sandstonesd which are of 'rdovician and ~ambrian aged respectivelyh - 4500 - 4000 - 3500 - 3000 - 2500 - 2000 - 1500 - 1000 - 500 0 500 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Depth relative to sea level (m) Degrees North Latitude Surface 2collar9 Elevation UPHP q7M6M qPvPWv qHW q7W6P q7xW5 qPP6xv St( Peter Mt( Simon Selected Samples from the Stv Peter Sandstone Core UPH)g .). ft ,56 mU Core C)()4(g )65) ft ,205 mU Core C24H)g 6.H4v6 ft ,)670 mU Core C2046g 05.2 ft ,.H.2 mU Poster created by zdam Lenny for the annual zzPG HvP5 znnual Meeting4 and the HiRes HvP5 Paleoclimate Proxies Workshop Atvright:vExamplevbackscatteredvelectronvzBSEwv SEMv scansM ofM typicalM dolomitevankeriteM cementM thatMoneMmightMfindMinMfourMcoresMspacedMatMdifferentM depthsM intoM theM basin.M =ecauseM ofM theM relationM betweenM signalM andM atomicM numbergM increasingM brightnessMinMtheMbackscatteredMimageMcanMbeMusedM asM aM roughM proxyM forM increasingM ironM content.M δ 18 Ov SIMSvpitsvhavevbeenvcoloredv red,vandv δ 13 Cvpitsv havev beenv coloredv blue.M δ P: OM valuesM areM inM VSMOWgM andM δ PE HM valuesM areM inM VP*=.M MarkerM zonesM usedM toM correlateM differentM cementM grainsM withinMtheMsameMsampleMareMdelineatedMwithMdashedM lines.M NOTE:v Thesev markerv zonesv werev usedv onlyv tov correlatev datav betweenv cementv grainsv withinv av sample,v andv dov notv correlatev betweenv differentvcores. Atv right:v Cathodoluminescencev zCLwv scansv ofv thev samev regions,M highlightingM dissolutionM eventsM andM someM ofM theM complexityM associatedM withM theM coresM ofM theseM cements.M RegionsM highM inM 9eM dampenM theM HLM signalgM producingM M areasM thatM appearMespeciallyMdark. TrendsMinM δ P: OMoverMtheMgrowthMhistoryMofMtheMzonedM dolomitevankerites.M TheM trendsM shownM hereM areM compiledM fromM severalM carbonateM cementM grainsM withinM theM sameM samplegM highlightingM theM consistencyM withM whichM cementsM areM recordingM isotopicM shifts.M VerticalM barsM reflectM theM xS*M errorM fromM theM bracketingM standard‰M horizontalM errorM barsM reflectM pitM width.M AGAIN:v Markerv zonesv zxv axiswv onlyv correlatev differentv grainsv withinv thev samev sample,v andv dov notv necessarilyv correlatev betweenvdifferentvcores. TrendsMinM δ PE HMoverMtheMgrowthMhistoryMofMtheMzonedM dolomitevankerites.MQsMwithM δ P: OMabovegMtheMtrendsM shownM hereM areM compiledM fromM severalM carbonateM cementMgrainsMwithinMtheMsameMsamplegMhighlightingM theM consistencyM withM whichM theseM cementsM appearM toM beM recordingM isotopicM shifts.M δ PE HM shiftsM towardsM O‰MmayMreflectMcarbonMsourcingMfromMdissolutionMofM adjacentM carbonateM formations.M WeM interpretM negativeM shiftsM inM M δ PE HM toM reflectM carbonM originallyM sourcedM fromM organicM material.M AGAIN:v Markerv zonesv zxv axiswv onlyv correlatev differentv grainsv withinvthevsamevsample,vandvdovnotvnecessarilyv correlatevbetweenvdifferentvcores. TrendsM inM 9elM overM carbonateM cementM growthM historygM asM determinedM byM 'PMQ.M QllM samplesM collectedM inM theM LllinoisM =asinM broadlyM displayM earlyM nearvstoichiometricM dolomiteM followedM byM lateM moreM ankeriticM compositionsgM aM trendM observedM inM mostM sedimentaryMbasinsMaroundMtheMworld.M ManyMLllinoisM =asinMsamplesMalsoMshowManMabruptMspikeMorMshiftMinM ironM concentrationM closelyM associatedM withM aM sharpM dropM inM δ P: OgM potentiallyM reflectingM theM pulseM ofM warmgM metalvrichM brinesM thoughtM toM beM associatedM withMtheMMVTMoreMdepositsMinMtheMregion. TrendsM inM HaBfHaIMgI9eUM overM carbonateM cementM growthMhistorygMasMdeterminedMbyM'PMQ.MLikeMmanyM dolomitesgM theseM cementsM areM notM perfectlyM stoichiometricgM especiallyM towardsM theM lateM carbonateM growthM phasesM inM theM deepM basin.M ThisM mayM reflectM improvedM nonvstoichiometricM stabilityM underM higherM temperatureM conditionsgM aM lackM ofM sufficientMtimeMtoMbringMtheseMratiosMcloserMtoMO.FgMorM someMcombinationMofMtheMtwo. REFERENCES 8 Friedman4 I(4 and J( R( O’Neil4 PIxx4 qompilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interestJ USGPO( 8 Horita4 J(4 HvP74 Oxygen and carbon isotope fractionation in the system dolomite–water–qO H to elevated temperaturesJ Geochimica et qosmochimica zcta4 v( PHI4 p( PPP–PH74 doiJPv(PvPM)j(gca(HvP6(PH(vHx( 8 Hyodo4 z(4 R( Kozdon4 z( L( Pollington4 and J( W( Valley4 HvP74 Evolution of quartz cementation and burial history of the Eau qlaire Formation based on in situ oxygen isotope analysis of quartz overgrowthsJ qhemical Geology4 v( 6W74 p( PMW–PWv4 doiJPv(PvPM)j(chemgeo(HvP7(vM(vHP( 8 Kelly4 J( L(4 V( Fu4 N( T( Kita4 and J( W( Valley4 Hvvx4 Optically continuous silcrete quartz cements of the St( Peter SandstoneJ high precision oxygen isotope analysis by ion microprobeJ Geochimica et qosmochimica zcta4 v( xP4 no( P54 p( 6WPH–6W6H( 8 Pollington4 z( L(4 R( Kozdon4 and J( W( Valley4 HvPP4 Evolution of quartz cementation during burial of the qambrian Mount Simon Sandstone4 Illinois VasinJ In situ microanalysis of δ PW OJ Geology4 v( 6I4 no( PH4 p( PPPI–PPHH( 8 Śliwiński4 M( G(4 K( Kitajima4 R( Kozdon4 M( J( Spicuzza4 J( H( Fournelle4 z( Lenny4 and J( W( Valley4 HvP54 SIMS bias on isotope ratios in dolomite8ankerite4 Part IJ δ PW O matrix effectsJ Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research4 in review( 8 Worden4 R( H(4 and S( L( Vurley4 Hvv64 Sandstone diagenesisJ the evolution of sand to stoneJ Sandstone LiagenesisJ Recent and zncient4 p( P–77( δ ,° ~ V[j· p,I p,T p,‰ pE pw pI pT ‰ T jepth relative to sea level UmH pIL‰‰ pI‰‰‰ p°L‰‰ p°‰‰‰ pTL‰‰ pT‰‰‰ p,L‰‰ p,‰‰‰ pL‰‰ ‰ L‰‰ zll jolomitepznkerite jata >th [eter ;th >imon δ ,E ' V[j· p,w p,I p,T p,‰ pE pw pI pT Nen UNeQUNeb;gHH ‰ ‰h, ‰hT ‰h° ‰hI ‰hL ‰hw ‰hx δ ,E ' V>;'W ,I ,w ,E T‰ TT TI Tw TE °‰ zll jolomitepznkerite jata Nen UNeQUNeb;gHH ‰ ‰h, ‰hT ‰h° ‰hI ‰hL ‰hw δ ,° ~ V[j· p,I p,T p,‰ pE pw pI pT ‰ T zll jolomitepznkerite jata jepth relative to sea level UmH pI‰‰‰ p°L‰‰ p°‰‰‰ pTL‰‰ pT‰‰‰ p,L‰‰ p,‰‰‰ pL‰‰ ‰ δ ,E ' V>;'W L ,‰ ,L T‰ TL °‰ °L jepth relative to sea level UmH pIL‰‰ pI‰‰‰ p°L‰‰ p°‰‰‰ pTL‰‰ pT‰‰‰ p,L‰‰ p,‰‰‰ pL‰‰ ‰ L‰‰ zll ]uart z jata >th [eter ;th >imon δ ,E ' V>;'W L ,‰ ,L T‰ TL °‰ jepth relative to sea level UmH pIL‰‰ pI‰‰‰ p°L‰‰ p°‰‰‰ pTL‰‰ pT‰‰‰ p,L‰‰ p,‰‰‰ pL‰‰ ‰ L‰‰ zll jolomitepznkerite jata >th [eter ;th >imon δ ,E ' V[j· p,w p,I p,T p,‰ pE pw ‰ , T ° I L w x E y δ ,E ' mineral UV>;'WH ,I ,w ,E T‰ TT TI Tw TE ‰ , T ° I L w x E y δ ,° ~ mineral UV[j·H pE px pw pL pI p° pT p, ‰ , T ‰ , T ° I L w x E y Nen [NeQUNeb;gH] ‰ ‰h‰L ‰h, ‰h,L ‰hT ‰hTL Zumber of ;arker Zone :arly cpp <elative zge ppv ±ate ‰ , T ° I L w x E y ~an [~aQU~ab;gbNeH] ‰hIL ‰hL ‰hLL ‰hw δ ,E ' V[j· p,I p,T p,‰ pE pw pI ‰ , T ° I L w x E y δ ,E ' mineral UV>;'WH ,w ,E T‰ TT TI Tw TE ‰ , T ° I L w x E y Nen [NeQUNeb;gH] ‰ ‰h‰L ‰h, ‰h,L ‰hT ‰hTL Zumber of ;arker Zone :arly cpp <elative zge ppv ±ate ‰ , T ° I L w x E y ~an [~aQU~ab;gbNeH] ‰hIL ‰hL ‰hLL ‰hw ‰ , T ° I L w x E y δ ,° ~ mineral UV[j·H p,‰ pE pw pI pT ‰ T I δ ,E ' V[j· p,‰ py pE px pw pL pI ‰ , T ° I L w δ ,E ' mineral UV>;'WH T‰ T, TT T° TI TL Tw Tx ‰ , T ° I L w δ ,° ~ mineral UV[j·H px pw pL pI p° pT p, ‰ ‰ , T ° I L w Nen [NeQUNeb;gH] ‰ ‰h‰T ‰h‰I ‰h‰w ‰h‰E ‰h, ‰h,T ‰h,I Zumber of ;arker Zone :arly cpp <elative zge ppv ±ate ‰ , T ° I L w ~an [~aQU~ab;gbNeH] ‰hIL ‰hL ‰hLL ‰hw δ ,E ' V[j· p,‰ py pE px pw pL pI ‰ , T ° I L w x E δ ,E ' mineral UV>;'WH ,y T‰ T, TT T° TI TL Tw Tx TE ‰ , T ° I L w x E δ ,° ~ mineral UV[j·H p,, p,‰ py pE px pw pL pI p° pT p, ‰ , T ° I L w x E Nen [NeQUNeb;gH] ‰ ‰h‰L ‰h, ‰h,L ‰hT ‰hTL ‰h° ‰h°L ‰hI ‰hIL Zumber of ;arker Zone :arly cpp <elative zge ppv ±ate ‰ , T ° I L w x E ~an [~aQU~ab;gbNeH] ‰hIL ‰hL ‰hLL ‰hw SourceTM'vansMQnalyticalM7roup
Transcript of Summary )4 ?MMMMMMMMMion …wiscsims/HiRes2015/pdfs/posters/... · 2015. 6. 12. · ‰ , T ° I L...
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REFERENCES8FFriedman4FI(4FandFJ(FR(FO’Neil4FPIxx4FqompilationFofFstableFisotopeFfractionationFfactorsFofFgeochemicalFinterestJFUSGPO(8FHorita4FJ(4FHvP74FOxygenFandFcarbonFisotopeFfractionationFinFtheFsystemFdolomite–water–qOHFtoFelevatedFtemperaturesJFGeochimicaFetFqosmochimicaFzcta4Fv(FPHI4Fp(FPPP–PH74FdoiJPv(PvPM)j(gca(HvP6(PH(vHx(8FHyodo4Fz(4FR(FKozdon4Fz(FL(FPollington4FandFJ(FW(FValley4FHvP74FEvolutionFofFquartzFcementationFandFburialFhistoryFofFtheFEauFqlaireFFormationFbasedFonFinFsituFoxygenFisotopeFanalysisFofFquartzFovergrowthsJFqhemicalFGeology4Fv(F6W74Fp(FPMW–PWv4FdoiJPv(PvPM)j(chemgeo(HvP7(vM(vHP(8FKelly4FJ(FL(4FV(FFu4FN(FT(FKita4FandFJ(FW(FValley4FHvvx4FOpticallyFcontinuousFsilcreteFquartzFcementsFofFtheFSt(FPeterFSandstoneJFhighFprecisionFoxygenFisotopeFanalysisFbyFionFmicroprobeJFGeochimicaFetFqosmochimicaFzcta4Fv(FxP4Fno(FP54Fp(F6WPH–6W6H(8FPollington4Fz(FL(4FR(FKozdon4FandFJ(FW(FValley4FHvPP4FEvolutionFofFquartzFcementationFduringFburialFofFtheFqambrianFMountFSimonFSandstone4FIllinoisFVasinJFInFsituFmicroanalysisFofFδPWOJFGeology4Fv(F6I4Fno(FPH4Fp(FPPPI–PPHH(8FŚliwiński4FM(FG(4FK(FKitajima4FR(FKozdon4FM(FJ(FSpicuzza4FJ(FH(FFournelle4Fz(FLenny4FandFJ(FW(FValley4FHvP54FSIMSFbiasFonFisotopeFratiosFinFdolomite8ankerite4FPartFIJFδPWOFmatrixFeffectsJFGeostandardsFandFGeoanalyticalFResearch4FinFreview(8FWorden4FR(FH(4FandFS(FL(FVurley4FHvv64FSandstoneFdiagenesisJFtheFevolutionFofFsandFtoFstoneJFSandstoneFLiagenesisJFRecentFandFzncient4Fp(FP–77(
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