Subject: Urbanization & Sustainable Development Contributors:

Prof. Kedar Rijal Deepak ChhetryRamesh Raj Pant

July 9, 2015

Faculty Orientation Program

Course Nature Course Title: Urbanization and Sustainable Development

Course No: Env. 405

Lecture hrs: 150Nature of the Course: Theory (Optional)

Full Marks: 100Year: IV

Pass Marks: 35

Objectives General Objective: To enhance the knowledge on urbanization & sustainable development in

prospect of national and international issues Specific Objectives: To provide an overview of urbanization, urban growth and pattern To familiarize the students with socio-cultural and environmental problems

of urbanization To highlight the concept of sustainable cities, strategies for sustainable

urbanization, urban management initiatives To explain briefly the concept, challenges & approaches of sustainable

development To acquaint with the status of sustainable development in Nepalese context To understand national & international initiatives of environmental

sustainability

Unit 1:Introduction to Urbanization (15 hrs)

Concept & characteristics of urbanization (2 hrs) Trend, process & pattern of urbanization (3 hrs) Urban growth & urbanization in developed & developing countries (4 hrs) Influencing factors & patterns of urban growth (4 hrs) Urbanization in Nepal (2 hrs)

End : student will be familiar with the concept and recent pattern of urbanization at local as well as global level

Books:

Rodney R. (1994). White Urban Environmental Management: Environmental Change and Urban Design. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester

Cunningham, W.P & Cunningham, M.A. (2004). Principles of Environmental Science: Inquiry and Applications, Second Edition. Boston: Mc Grow Hill.

Dynamics of Urbanization in Nepal: The Role and Response of Local Government : Kamal Devkota

Unit 2:Urban Environmental Concerns (30 hrs)

Introduction to urban environment & environmental concerns (2 hrs) Concept of urban ecology (2 hr) Economic and ecological components of urbanization (4 hrs) Concept of Urbanization, Socio-cultural & environment impacts (2 hrs) 1. Urban infrastructures (2 hrs)2. Water supply (2 hrs)3. Solid waste (2 hrs)4. Sanitation and drainage (3 hrs)5. Traffic congestion (1 hr)6. Air & noise pollution (4 hrs)7. Urban land use change and patterns (3 hrs)8. Urban poverty (1 hr)9. Slum areas (1 hr)10. Socio-economic crimes (1 hr)

Contd…End: student will be familiar with the major

environmental concern of urban areas

Books: ADB and ICIMOD, 2006.Environmental

Assessment of Nepal: Emerging Issues and Challenges. ADB and ICIMOD, Kathmandu

Kaushik C.P. & Kaushik M. (2006). Perspective in Environmental Studies: New Age International Pvt. Ltd.

Urban Growth and Spatial Transition, an initial assessment-Nepal. April 2012

Unit 3:

Sustainable Cities & Urban Management Initiatives (30 hrs)

Concept on sustainable cities (1 hr) Sustainable urbanization (1 hr) Concept of inclusive urban development (1 hr) Strategies for sustainable urbanization (2 hrs) Green infrastructure (1 hr) Zoning and land pooling (2 hrs) Carrying capacity ( 1 hr) Bioregionalism ( 4 hrs):

(BIOGEOGRAPHIC: geology, geography, biology RESOURCE USE: agriculture, resource management, technology SOCIAL: culture, social system, politics, economics PHILOSOPHICAL: conceptions of nature, spiritual awareness)

Contd… Initiatives: Eco-cities, energy and water efficient cities (2 hrs)National: Nepal initiatives & urban governance (2 hrs)Urban planning (2 hrs) Policies and institutions (2 hrs)Laws relating to land acquisition (1 hrs) Urban perspective plan (2 hrs)Global: Global initiatives of urban planning & policy (2 hrs) Development control of zoning regulations (2 hrs)Global urban plan preparations ( 2 hrs)

Additional Reference: Dynamics of Urbanization in Nepal; Kamal Devkota

Contd…End: student will be familiar with the major initiatives of global

communities to make their cities livable

Books: Strategic Plan: For Green City, Initiative 2012-2016 Sustainable Development Agenda : FOR NEPAL, NPC Rees, W. and M. Wackernagel (eds.) 1994. “Ecological footprints

and appropriated carrying capacity: measuring the natural requirements of the human economy”, in Increasing in Natural Capital: the Ecological Economics Approach to Sustainability, Washington: Island Press.

Resources 1996–97. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rodney R. White Urban Environmental Management: Environmental

Change and Urban Design: John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1994.

Unit 4:Sustainable Development (35 hrs)

Concept of sustainable development (1 hr) Evolution of sustainable development ( 1 hr) Importance, scope & key indicators ( 1 hr) Issues & approaches of sustainable development: Environmental issues

& sustainable development ( 2 hrs) An overview of local, regional & global environmental issues (3 hrs) Natural resources & sustainable livelihoods ( 1 hr) Application of sustainability principles for solving environmental

problems ( 2 hrs)

Contd… Economics of Sustainable Development (1 hr) Concept of resource economics ( 1 hr) Economic growth & development ( 1 hr) Resources in classical & neoclassical economics ( 2 hrs) Ecology & economy nexus in reference to environmental

sustainability (2 hrs) Environmental limits of economic growth (1 hr) Communal properties & tragedy of commons ( 2 hrs) Economic valuation of ecological services (direct market, travel cost &

contingent methods)( 3 hrs) Cost benefit analyst (1 hr)

Contd… Origin and development of green economy (1 hr) Green business ( 1 hr) Green design &design for environment ( 1 hr) Human Development Approaches: Pillars of human development ( 1 hr) Vulnerability dimensions of human development (1 hr) Equity, Social justice , Empowerment Resource & knowledge based human development ( 1 hr) Ecological footprints ( 1 hr) Equally weighted indices (living planet index & environmental sustainability index)

(2 hrs) Integrated sustainable development index (1 hr) Unequally weighted indices: Environmental pressure indices, well-being of nations (2

hrs) Eco-efficiency (1 hr) Tools for sustainable management of resources (2 hrs)

End: student will be familiar with the concept , importance, scope and practices of sustainable development

Books: Lekhak, H.D. and Lekhak, B. (2009). Natural Resources Conservation

and Sustainable Development in Nepal. Kshitiz Publications, Kathmandu

Brundtland, G.H. (1987). Our Common Future. World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford University Press, Delhi India.

Dahal, M. K. & Dahal, D. R. (1998). Environment and Sustainable Development. Issues in Nepalese Perspective. Nepal Foundation for Advanced Studies (NEFAS), Kathmandu.

Elliott, J.A. (1994). An Introduction to Sustainable Development: The Developing World. Routlege , London.

Field B. C. (2001). An Introduction of Natural Resources Economics. McGraw Hill, Boston.

Furtado, D.R and T. Belt (2000). Economic Development and Sustainability. The Word Bank, Washington, DC.

Unit 5: Sustainable Development in Nepal (20 hrs) Practices & sustainable development planning in Nepal (2 hrs) Prospects & problems for sustainable development (2 hrs) Sustainable development in rural & urban areas ( 2 hrs) Planned development & developmental activities in Nepal (2 hrs) Emerging priorities for sustainable development (2 hrs)

1. Eco-villages

2. Eco-city development Environmental design & sustainable community (2 hrs) Integrated ecosystem management & livelihood (2 hrs) Integrated urban management (1 hr) Institutional & capacity building (2hrs) Media & sustainable development (1 hr) Education for sustainable development (ESD) (1 hr) Leading change for sustainability (1 hr)

Contd…End: student will be familiar with approaches, practices and scope

of the the sustainable development in Nepalese context

Books: Lekhak, H.D. and Lekhak, B. (2009). Natural Resources

Conservation and Sustainable Development in Nepal. Kshitiz Publications, Kathmandu

Dahal, M. K. & Dahal, D. R. (1998). Environment and Sustainable Development. Issues in Nepalese Perspective. Nepal Foundation for Advanced Studies (NEFAS), Kathmandu.

ADB and ICIMOD (2006). Environmental Assessment of Nepal: Emerging Issues and Challenges. ADB and ICIMOD, Kathmandu

Sustainable Development Agenda : FOR NEPAL, NPC

Unit 6:Policy Framework on Environmental Sustainability (20 hrs)

Concept of development paradigms & shift to sustainable development & policy regulations (2 hrs)

Resource policy & ladder of sustainable development (2hrs) Global Initiatives towards environmental sustainability ( 6 hrs)

1. Evolution

2. International environmental policies, plans, strategies & commitments

National Initiatives towards environmental sustainability (6 hrs)

1. Environmental policies, plans & strategies & their effectiveness in Nepalese context

2. International & national environmental institutions & their role & responsibilities

Environmental ethics, sustainable-earth worldviews (2 hr ) Role of human beings in sustaining the earth (2 hr)

End: student will be familiar with the shifting of development paradigms, national and international policies , plans and institutions related to sustainable development

Books: Agenda 21Loca Self Government Act, 1999 Dynamics of Urbanization in Nepal: The Role and Response of Local Government Strategic Plan: For Green City, Initiative 2012-2016 Sustainable Development Agenda : FOR NEPAL, NPCNational Conservation Strategy, 1998 Sustainable Development Agenda for Nepal (SDAN), 2003National Strategy for Risk Management, 2009National Planning agenda, 2010GoN endorsed NAPA documents, 2010Mountain Initiative (MI), 2010Climate Change Policy, 2011GoN endorsed the LAPA framework , 2011Environmental Protection Act 1997Environmental Protection Regulation , 1997

References ADB and ICIMOD, 2006. Environmental Assessment of Nepal: Emerging Issues and Challenges. ADB and

ICIMOD, Kathmandu Brundtland, G.H. (1987). Our Common Future. World Commission on Environment and Development.

Oxford University Press, Delhi India. Dahal, M. K. & Dahal, D. R. (1998). Environment and Sustainable Development. Issues in Nepalese

Perspective. Nepal Foundation for Advanced Studies (NEFAS), Kathmandu. Elliott, J.A. (1994). An Introduction to Sustainable Development: The Developing World. Routlege ,

London. Field B. C. (2001). An Introduction of Natural Resources Economics. McGraw Hill, Boston. Furtado, D.R and T. Belt (2000). Economic Development and Sustainability. The Word Bank, Washington,

DC. Joshi, A. R., Shrestha, S.L & Joshi, K. (2003). Environmental Management and Sustainable Development

at the Cross Road. Ankus, Kathmandu Nepal. Joshi, Jibgar (2009). Regional Strategies for Sustainable Development in Nepal, Lajmina Joshi,

Kathmandu. Mitlin, Diana and Satterthwaite D. (1994). “Cities and Sustainable Development”, background paper,

Global Forum ’94, Manchester. Miller, Jr. G. T. (2003), Living in the Environment, Wadsworth Publication. Price, Charles and Tsouros A., eds. (1996). Our Cities, Our Future: Policies and Action Plans for Health and

Sustainable Development. Healthy Cities Project Office, Copenhagen. Rodney R. (1994). White Urban Environmental Management: Environmental Change and Urban Design.

John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Question Setting & Marks AllocationS.N. Name of Unit Lecture Hrs Weightage Marks

AllocationRemarks

1 Introduction to Urbanization 15 10 5+5 Head or tail2 Short Questions

2 Urban Environmental Concerns 30 20 10+10

Head, body & tail2 long questions

3 Sustainable Cities & Urban Management Initiatives

30 20 10+10

Head, body & tail2 long questions

4 Sustainable Development 35 23.33 10+10

Head, body & tail2 long questions

5 Sustainable Development in Nepal 20 13.33 5+5+5

Head or tail 3 short questions

6 Policy Framework on Environmental Sustainability

20 13.33 5+5 +5

Head or tail 3 short questions

Total 150 100% 100 8*5= 40 SQ6*10=60 LQ20% or from contemporary issues

Thank You!

Annex: Reference ReadingDynamics of Urbanization in Nepal: The Role and

Response of Local Government Strategic Plan: For Green City, Initiative 2012-2016Sustainable Development Agenda : FOR NEPAL,

NPC

Contd… ADB and ICIMOD, 2006.Environmental Assessment of Nepal: Emerging Issues and

Challenges. ADB and ICIMOD, Kathmandu Baumgatrner, R. & Hogger R. (2004). (Ed.). In Search Of Sustainable Livelihood System.

New Delhi: Sage Publications. Brundtland, G.H. (1987). Our Common Future. World Commission on Environment and

Development. Delhi India: Oxford University Press. Carney, D. (1999). (Ed.). Sustainable Livelihood. London: DFID. Chaudhary, R.P. (1998). Biodiversity in Nepal: Status and Conservation. Bangkok: Tec.

Press. Cunningham, W.P & Cunningham, M.A. (2004). Principles of Environmental Science:

Inquiry and Applications, Second Edition. Boston: Mc Grow Hill. Dahal, M. K. & Dahal, D. R. (1998). Environment and Sustainable Development. Issues

in Nepalese Perspective. Kathmandu: Nepal Foundation for Advanced Studies (NEFAS). Elliott, J.A. (1994). An Introduction to Sustainable Development: The Developing World.

London: Routlege. Field B. C. (2001). An Introduction of Natural Resources Economics. Boston: McGraw

Hill.

Contd… Furtado, D.R and T. Belt (2000). Economic Development and Sustainability. Washington,

DC: The Word Bank. Ghimire, K.B & Pimbert, M.P. (Eds.) (1997). Social Change and Conservation:

Environmental Politics and Impacts of National Parks and Protected Areas. London: Earthscan.

Joshi, A. R., Shrestha, S.L & Joshi, K. (2003). Environmental Management and Sustainable Development at the Cross Road. Kathmandu Nepal: Ankus.

Joshi, Jibgar (1999). Housing and Urban Development in Nepal, Kathmandu: Lajmina Joshi Joshi, Jibgar (2008). Planning Approaches in Nepal, Kathmandu: Lajmina Joshi. Joshi, Jibgar (2009). Regional Strategies for Sustainable Development in Nepal, Kathmandu:

Lajmina Joshi. Joshi, Lajmina. 2001. “Understanding Development from Human and Ecological

Perspectives: The management of bio-regional resources in Jha, P. K., and others, eds., Environment and Agriculture: Biodiversity, agriculture, and pollution in South Asia. Kathmandu: Ecological Society (ECOS), Nepal.

Kaushik C.P. & Kaushik M. (2006). Perspective in Environmental Studies: New Age International Pvt. Ltd.

Lekhak, H.D. and Lekhak, B., 2009. Natural Resources Conservation and Sustainable Development in Nepal. Kshitiz Publications, Kathmandu.

Contd… Mitlin, Diana and David Satterthwaite. “Cities and Sustainable Development”,

background paper, Global Forum ’94, Manchester, 1994. Price, Charles and A. Tsouros., eds. 1996. Our Cities, Our Future: Policies and Action

Plans for Health and Sustainable Development. Copenhagen: Healthy Cities Project Office.

Rees, W. and M. Wackernagel (eds.) 1994. “Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: measuring the natural requirements of the human economy”, in Increasing in Natural Capital: the Ecological Economics Approach to Sustainability, Washington: Island Press.

Resources 1996–97. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rodney R. White Urban Environmental Management: Environmental Change and Urban

Design: John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1994. UNCHS. The Habitat Agenda 1996 (Sustainable human settlements development in an

urbanizing world). UNEP. Agenda 21: Chapter 7. 1992. World Bank. 1996. Livable Cities for the 21st Century. Washington D. C.: The World

Bank, .2012. Urban Growth and Spatial Transition, an initial assessment-Nepal. April 2012 World Resources Institute. 1996. The Urban Environment: A Special Reprint from World