Study of Large Scale Grid interactive Solar PV power plant

Prof. R. S. Hosmath Assistant Professor

Dept. of Mechanical Engg. B.V.B College of Engg. and Tech.,

Hubballi

Dr. H. Naganagouda Director,

National Training Centre for Solar Technology, Karnataka Power Corporation Limited,

Bangalore

Presented bySHAHBAZ MAKANDAR A

(2BV13MES11)M.Tech.

Energy Systems Engineering

Project Title

Studies on Grid connected 3MW Solar PV Power Plant

Karnataka Power Corporation Ltd.

Under the Guidance of

K.L.E. Society’s B. V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engg. & Technology

Vidyanagar, Hubli 580031

(NBA ACCREDITED & AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION WITH ISO 9001-2008 CERTIFICATION)

Energy Systems Engineering 2

ContentsIntroductionStatement of the ProblemObjectivesLiterature ReviewSite details of the SPV plantSimulation studies of SPV power plantResults and DiscussionsConclusionsScope for Future workReferences


IntroductionDetails of PV Systems

Major components of PV systems Fabrication of PV cells and Working Principle PV Power Generation Grid-connected without storage


Fig 1. Major PV system Components (KPCL record)

Energy Systems Engineering 5Fig 2. Solar Cells Working Principle (KPCL record)


Fig 3. Grid-connected PV System (KPCL record)


Statement Problem• Energy • SPV system• Government Policy


Objectives To simulate the climatological parameters like solar insolation, wind

speed and atmospheric temperature on “METEONORM” open-source platform.

To simulate the detailed operation of a solar PV based plant on “PVSYST” platform to analyze component level performance along with overall plant operation

To simulate site parameters for installation of SPV system using “HELIOSCOPE” tool.

Experimental observation of the system behavior of the 3MW SPV power plant through “SCADA” based system to investigate its performance characteristics.

To compare the Simulation and Experimental data to draw feasibility factors for future upgradation of existing SPV power plant


Literature Review Performance Evaluation of SPV Plant Solar Insolation availability SPV system Simulation Software SPV Technology


Site details of the SPV Plant

Basic information of Solar PV PlantSite detailsExperimental procedure for Performance Study

Energy Systems Engineering 11Fig 4. Block Diagram of the PV Plant [18]


Height above sea level 882m

Ambient Air Temperature

Maximum: 40oCMinimum: 18oC

Relative Humidity

Maximum: 99.1% (during monsoon)Minimum: 18.3%

Rainfall

Annual average: 1549 mmPeriod: 4 months

Table 1: Technical data of Solar PV [18]


Place of Installation Near Yalesandra Village, Kolar, Karnataka,India

Latitude & Longitude of the place 120 53’ & 780 09’

Allotted Land Area 15 acres (10.3 acres effectively used)

Nominal Capacity of the PV Plant 3 MW

Date of Commission 27th December 2009

Owner Karnataka Power Corporation Limited(KPCL)

Installed by (Contractor) Titan Energy Systems Ltd. , Secunderabad

Modules Titan S6-60 series

SCADA for diagnosing and monitoring Yes

PCU (Inverters) 250 kW (12 Nos)

HT Transformer and switchgear for evacuation 1.25 MVA for each MW

Table 2: General description of Yalesandra PV Plant [18]


Two type of S6 - 60 series modules are used 225 Wp & 240 Wp

Total number of modules 13,368 [10,152 - 225 Wp;3216 – 240 Wp]

Solar Cell material Mono-Crystalline Silicon

1 Array 24 Modules

No. of Arrays per Inverter(250 kW) 45-46 (Total 557 Arrays with 12 Inverters)

Arrays per MW 1st MW installation– 1812nd & 3rd MW installations – 188

Total installed Solar Cells area 5.4 acre

Inclination of Modules 15o with horizontal

Table 3: Technical data of Solar PV [18]

Type S6-60 series

Maximum Power, Pmp (W) 225 240

Maximum Power Voltage (Vmp)

28.63 V 28.63 V

Maximum Power Current (Imp)

7.93 A 8.12A

Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 37.50 V 37.62V

Short Circuit Current (Isc) 8.52 A 8.55A

Module dimensions (mm) 1657 x 987 x 42

No., type and arrangement of cells

60, Mono-Crystalline, 6 x 10 Matrix

Cell Size (mm) 156 x 156

NOCT, °C 45

Weight (Kg) 19

Glass Type and Thickness 3.2mm Thick, Low iron, Tempered

Table 4: Module Specifications [18]

Fig 5. High efficiency PV module [24]Energy Systems Engineering


Type 6 x 4 Module Array(24 modules per Structure)

Material Mild Steel

Overall dimensions (mm) 6780x 6030

Coating Galvanized

Wind rating 160 km per hour

Tilt angle 15°

Foundation PCC

Fixing type Nut Bolts

Table 5: Array mounting structure at the plant [18]


Fig 6: Typical SCADA System [19]


Fig 7: Block Diagram of SPV Plant (KPCL record)


Experimental Performance study

Key performance indicators Performance Ratio Radiation at the Site Array Conversion Efficiency Inverter Efficiency Energy Generated


𝑷𝑹=𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛 h𝑘𝑊 𝑝 .𝑚

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 ,𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 h𝑘𝑊 𝑝 .𝑚

𝑨𝑪𝑬=𝐷𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡 𝐻𝑟

𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑛 h𝑘𝑊𝑚2 ×

𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎12

𝑖𝑛𝑚2

𝑷𝑪𝑼 𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚=(𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 h𝑘𝑊 )(𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑛 h𝑘𝑊 )

×100

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒆𝑮𝒓𝒊𝒅𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒙𝒑∧𝑨𝒄𝒕𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚=𝐷𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑊 h

𝑚2

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑊 h𝑚2

×𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 h𝑡 𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡

Formulae

Used


𝐺𝐿=(𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑖𝑛 h𝑊𝑚2

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑊𝑚2 )×𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑜𝑓 h𝑡 𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 h𝑤𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑊

MPERMSEMBE= Form

ulae Use

d


Simulation Studies of SPV power plant

METEONORMPVSYSTHELIOSCOPE

23Fig 8: METEONORM simulation result of SPV plant [23]Energy Systems Engineering

Energy Systems Engineering 24Fig 9: PVSYST simulation result of SPV plant [22]

25Fig. 10 : Helioscope simulation result of SPV plant [21]Energy Systems Engineering


Results and Discussions

Fig 11. Month-wise Performance Ratio

Mar-14 Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-150

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Perf

orm

ance

Rati

o (P

R)

Duration, month


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 310

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

July June August September

Duration, Day

Effici

ency

%

Fig 12. Array Conversion Efficiency for Rainy Season


Fig 13. Array Conversion Efficiency for Winter Season

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 310

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

October November December January

Effici

ency

%

Duration, Day


Fig 14. Array Conversion Efficiency for Summer Season

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 310

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

February March April MAY

Duration, Day

Effici

ency

%


Mar-14Apr-14May-14Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 Sep-14 Oct-14 Nov-14Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-150

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

Duration, Month

Tota

l Irr

adia

nce

Wh/

𝒎^𝟐

Fig 14. Month wise Total Irradiation


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930310

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

April March February May

Duration, Day

Effici

ency

%

Fig 15. Daily basis PCU Efficiency for Summer Season


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293094

95

96

97

98

99

100

June July August September

Duration, Day

Effici

ency

%

Fig 16.Daily basis PCU Efficiency for Rainy Season


06:0007:05

08:1009:20

10:3011:40

12:5014:00

15:1016:20

17:3018:40

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

July AugustSeptember Avg Module Temperature

Duration, Time

Ener

gy g

ener

ation

in

kWh

Module Tem

perature (°C)

Fig 17. Monthly average Power, Module Temperature Vs Time in Rainy Season


Mar-14

Apr-14

May-14

Jun-14Jul-1

4

Aug-14

Sep-14

Oct-14

Nov-14

Dec-14

Jan-15

Feb-15

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000 Expected Energy in kWh Generation in kWh Transported in kWh

Duration, Months

Ener

gy in

kW

h

Fig 18. Expected, Generated and transmitted energy


Mar-14

Apr-14

May-14

Jun-14Jul-1

4

Aug-14

Sep-14

Oct-14

Nov-14

Dec-14

Jan-15

Feb-15

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Duration, Months

Ener

gy in

kW

h

Fig 19. Month-wise grid Transmitted Energy (Energy Meter Reading)


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930310

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000Mono-crystalline Gen in kWh Poly-crystalline Gen in kWhSolar radiation W/(sq.m)

Solar Radiation W

/(sq.m)

Ene

rgy

Gen

erat

ion

in k

Wh

Duration, DaysFig 20. Comparison of Mono and Poly-Crystalline panel of total energy Generation


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

Calculated Value Measured Value

Duration, Month

Hou

rly

Sum

Irra

dian

ce (W

/m² p

er h

r)

Fig 21. Comparison of Calculated and Measured values of Hourly Sum Irradiance (2014-15)


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12200

250

300

350

400

450

500


Duration, Months

Gen

erat

ion

in K

Wh

Fig 22. Comparison of Calculated and Measured values of Generation (2014-15)


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5


Duration, Months.

Win

d Sp

eed

in m

/s

Fig 23. Comparison of Calculated and Measured values of Wind Speed (2014-15)


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1210

15

20

25

30

35

Duration, Months

Air

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Fig 24. Comparison of Calculated and Measured values of Air Temperature (2014-15)


ConclusionsThe following conclusions are reported based on simulation and experimental studies,• The experimental observation of the 3MW SPV plant during Mar 2014 to Feb 2015

indicated performance ratio to have varied between 58% to 87%. • The Array conversion efficiency of the PV panel was observed to be varying between 9%

to 15% depending upon climatic conditions at the site. • The PCU efficiency was observed to be close to 96% but lower than the rated value of

98% as per the manufacturer specifications.• The rated capacity of SPV solar power plant was 3MWp, but the observed peak power

at the location is limited between 2.6-2.7 MW during the observation period.• The simulation tools used in the reported work that included METEONORM,

HELIOSCOPE and PVSYST provided an efficient Graphical User Interface making it user friendly.

• The power generation depended on solar irradiance, module temperature and also some extent on wind flow. Increase in irradiance increased module temperature and generation.

• Using statistical methods consisting of Mean Bias error, Root mean square error and Mean percentage error shows result after comparison all values shows positive results means they overestimated in result.


Scope for Future Work• Studies on Earth-tester to measure leakage current and

isolation resistance of generator• Studies on thermal imaging to detect abnormal heating in

solar modules, DC junction Boxes and Inverters.• Studies on power quality analyzer or digital wattmeter can

be taken up to measure accurate power at Inverter side.

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11. BhubaneswariParida, S. Iniyan, RankoGoic, A review of solar PV technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 1625–163612. Stone, Experimental Solar Radiation Data and Statistical Methods, International Energy and Environmental Foundations, ISSN 2076-2895(print) ISSN 2076-2909 (online), 201013. Abdelfettah Barhdadi, Mouncef Bennis, PVGIS approach for assessing the performances of the firstPV grid-connected power plant in Morocco, Senior Associate of the Abdus Salam ICTP), 2007, [email protected]. P. W. Suckling ,J.E. Hay, Modelling Direct, Diffuse, and Total Solar Radiation for Cloudless Days, Manuscript received 14 June 1976; in revised form 1 October 1976115. Jeff Dozier, A Clear-Sky Spectral Solar Radiation Model for Snow-Covered Mountainous Terrain, Water Resources Research, Vol. 16, no. 4, August 1980, Pages 709-71816. J. Aristizabal, G. Gordillo, Performance monitoring results of the first grid- connected BIPV system in Columbia, Prof of Science Direct Renewable Energy 33 (2008) 2475-248418. K. Jairaj, Energy scenario in Karnataka, power point presentation, Energy Dept., Govt. of Karnataka, Divecha Centre for Climate Change, report IISC-DCCC 11 RE, 1 August 2011 (http://www.mnre.gov.in/solar-conclave2010.htm).19. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA20. http://karnatakapower.com/portfolio/yelesandra-solar-pv-plant-kolar-dist21. https://helioscope.folsomlabs.com22. http://files.pvsyst.com/help23. http://meteonorm.com/images/uploads/downloads/flyer_meteonorm_7.pdf24. http://www.titan-energy.com/datasheets/TITAN-S6-60-2BB.pdf

mailto:[email protected]

http://karnatakapower.com/portfolio/yelesandra-solar-pv-plant-kolar-dist

http://karnatakapower.com/portfolio/yelesandra-solar-pv-plant-kolar-dist

https://helioscope.folsomlabs.com/



http://files.pvsyst.com/help

http://files.pvsyst.com/help

http://meteonorm.com/images/uploads/downloads/flyer_meteonorm_7.pdf




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Study of Large Scale Grid interactive Solar PV power plant

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