Study of Crack

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Study Of Crack Pattern And Strength WithReplacement Of Natural With Artificial FineAggregate In Concrete

Posted in Concrete Engineering, Research Papers | Email This Post

Submitted ByVinayak Ravindra Supekar.(National Institute Of Construction Management And Research Center, (Nicmar))

ABSTRACT:Now days the construction industry in the India is facing one of the major problem that is naturalfine aggregate. And court awarded that totally band on excavation of fine aggregate from river

because they affect on environment and changing the river direction. (fig.5). Thus the more natural fine aggregate are highly needed to replace with

artificial fine aggregate. This paper presentation the study of crack pattern of concrete slab, each size is (500*300*50) mm and replacement of naturalfine aggregate with artificial fine aggregate by 20%,40% 60% 100% and also finding the compressive Strength of that concrete cube. And theseexperiment is carried out maintain temperature 32 0cAnd the according to experimental result show that the replacement of natural sand by artificial sandup to 60% and gives best result that is maximum strength and minimum area of crack.

Key words: - Concrete slab, natural fine aggregate, artificial fine aggregate (grit), crack pattern.

INTRODUCTION-The use of the artificial fine aggregate in concrete has increased rapidly in last few year because of more reduction in natural fine aggregate in river dueto tremendous excavation. And also band on excavation from river (fig5) form court.

Concrete is the most widely used construction material because of its flow ability in most complicated from i.e. it is ability to take any shape while wetand its strength development characteristics when it hardens. Concrete requires consumption of virgin materials. It requires cement, water, and suitableaggregates. Its production involves a number of operations according to prevailing site condition. The ingredients of widely varying characteristics can beused to produce concrete of acceptable quality. The strength, durability, and other characteristics of concrete depend upon the properties of itsingredients. In concrete fine and coarse aggregate constitute about 75% of the total volume. It is therefore important to obtain right type and good qualityaggregate at site. The aggregates from the main matrix of concrete of mortar.

Fine aggregate (smaller than 4.45) play a very important role in controlling the properties of fresh concrete. They help to improve cohesiveness of freshconcrete, improve workability and prevent segregation and bleeding of concrete.

So fine Aggregate is an essential component of concrete. The most commonly used fine aggregate is natural river or pit sand. The global consumption ofnatural sand is very high due to extensive use of concrete. In particular the demand of natural sand is quite high in developing countries owing of rapidinfrastructural growth. In this situation developing countries are facing shortages in supply of natural sand.

Natural sand deposits are being depleted and causing serious threat to environment as well as the society. Increasing extracting of natural sand from riverbeds is causing many problems loosing water retaining sand strata Deeping of the river courses and causing bank slides, loss of vegetation on the bank ofriver, exposing the intake well of water supply schemes etc are few examples.

River sand is becoming a very scare material sand mining from our river becomes objectionable. Is has now reached a stages where it is killing all ourrivers of our country from total depth. Also dams are constructed on every river hence these resources are erasing very fast. Now day good quality sand isnot readily available so it is a need of the time to find some substitute to natural river sand some alternative material have already been used a a apartnatural sand for examples fly ash slag and lime stone and siliceous stones powder were used in concrete mixtures as a partial replacement of natural sand.On this basis the present study has used manufactured sand in concrete mixtures as a partial replacement of natural sand.

Manufactured sand is a process controlled cursed aggregate produced from quarried stone by crushing or grinding and classification to obtain a controlledgradation product that completely passes the 4.75 mm sieve. I n this particle shape is influenced by the physical properties of the parent rock and bymethod of production. Manufactured sand generally contain more angular particles with rough surface textures and flatter face than natural sand that aremore rounded as a result of weathering overtime some investigation have shown that angular particles, rough surface of manufactured sand influences theworkability finish ability in fresh concrete. In most cases some improvement in bond with cement past is obtain as surface roughness, increases andstrength of hardened concrete.

Manufactured sand have to satisfy the technical requisites like workability and strength of concrete since the on this aspect of concrete usingmanufactured sand is scarce it is necessary to investigate the concrete produced with manufactured sand.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK-Material characteristics-For this experiment each 20 % replacement of natural fine aggregate by artificial fine aggregate i.e. 0% ,20%, 40%, 60%, 80% &100% casted the threeslab for each percentage that total 18 slab were casted and tested of crack pattern . The size of slab was (500*300*50)mm and six cube for eachpercentage thats 54 cube were casted and size of cube was 150mm*150mm*150mm it was cast and tested of the compressive strength of cube. The

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concrete is made with mix design. The compositions of the concrete consisting of the ordinary Portland cement, coarse aggregate, definite proportion ofnatural and artificial fine aggregate and water. The coarse aggregate used in concrete mix with artificial fine aggregate i.e. grit . size of coarse aggregatewas used 20mm and the water cement ratio used was 0.5. all of the slab and cube were cast at one time with steel slab and cube mould respectively in thelaboratory. The cube were cured in good water available in the laboratory at room temperature32 0c. And crack pattern were tested after hardening of theslab i.e. avgas .period after 6 to 7 hr.

Test setup and test procedure-The size of concrete slab was (500*300*50) mm and it was started the finding the cracks after slab was hardening i.e. period of after 6 to 7 hr. Duringobservation all the cracks were marked on the transparent paper for finding the area of crack and measurement done with help of hand held microscope.The fig of the slab test is shown in fig 3 least count of microscope is 0.001mm. crack spacing is measured within all the slab. And the cube was testedwith compression machine at the age of 28 days up to failure. The fig of the cube test is shown in fig 4 and finds the compressive strength of concrete.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:-RESULTS OF FRESH CONCRETE PROPERTIES:-The results of the slump test carried out on the fresh concert gives a good indication of workability of concrete. However the slump test is limited I itsapplications and better indication of workability as given from compacting factor also summary of fresh concrete

TEST RESULTS SHOWING FRESH CONCRETE PROPERTIES

Suggested mixproportion

Percentagereplacement ofnatural sand byartificial sand

Slump test

(mm)

Compaction factor Flow table test

(%)

1:1.583:3.275 0 40 0.91 27.16

1:1.583:3.275 20 48 0.92 25.70

1:1.583:3.275 40 50 O.90 9.32

1:1.583:3.275 60 56 0.90 11.33

1:1.583:3.275 80 54 0.90 7.681:1.583:3.275 100 45 0.87 9.12

RESULTS OF HARDENED CONCRETE PROPERTIES;COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH & CRACK AREA;FOR this test crack patter area finding from table name SHEET A1 to table name SHEET F3 and according to experimental result it is states thatReplacement of natural fine aggregate by 60% artificial fine aggregate is the best result because of maximum strength and minimum area of crack. Andthe compressive strength of concrete was determined by testing concrete cube of size (150*150*150) mm The test were carried out on the concrete at 28days to determine rate of gain of strength

The compressive strength of concrete is determined by the following formulaF=P/AWhere,F= Compressive strength of concrete.P= maximum road measured during testingA=Area of specimen being tested.

Test result of comp. strength of concrete (cube specimen) and area of crack.For w/c ratio=0.5

Suggested mixproportion

Percentage replacementof natural sand byartificial sand

Area of crack

Compressive strength

(N/mm2)

1:1.583:3.275 0 13.33 23.48

1:1.583:3.275 20 2.59 27.12

1:1.583:3.275 40 2.22 31.38

1:1.583:3.275 60 1.21 35.16

1:1.583:3.275 80 3.23 33.28

1:1.583:3.275 100 5.22 33.27

TEST RESULTS USED FOR MIX DESIGN FOR MAKING CONCRETE:-A) TESTS ON NATURAL FINE AGGREGATE:-SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF NATURAL SAND-G= 2.7

WATER ABSORPTION =6%SIEVE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL SAND= FINENESS MODULUS:- 2.9(ZONE II)MOISTURE CONTENT OF NATURAL SAND=1%B) TESTS ON MANUFACTURED (ARTIFICIAL) FINE AGGREGATE:-SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF MANUFACTURED (ARTIFICIAL) FINE AGGREGATE=2.97WATER ABSORPTION OF MANUFACTURED (ARTIFICIAL) FINE AGGREGATE= 6.5%SIEVE ANALYSIS OF MANUFACTURED (ARTIFICIAL) FINE AGGREGATE= FINENESS MODULUS:-2.84 (ZONE II)MOISTURE CONTENT= 1.

CONCLUSION:-1) Replacement of natural fine aggregate by 60% artificial fine aggregate is the best result because of maximum strength and minimum area of crack.

2) When the replacement percentage of artificial sand is increases more than 60% the compressive strength decreases and area of crack increases.

3) Replacement of natural sand by manufactured fine aggregate improve the cube compressive strength of the matrix.




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4) Replacement of natural sand by manufactured fine aggregate improves the workability of the matrix.

Showing the all the result of test

Suggestedmixproportion

Percentagereplacementof naturalsand byartificial sand

Slump test

(mm)

Compactionfactor

Flow tabletest

(%)

Compressivestrength

(N/mm2)

Area of crack

(mm2)

1:1.583:3.275 0 40 0.91 27.16 23.48 13.33

1:1.583:3.275 20 48 0.92 25.70 27.12 2.591:1.583:3.275 40 50 O.90 9.32 31.38 2.22

1:1.583:3.275 60 56 0.90 11.33 35.16 1.21

1:1.583:3.275 80 54 0.90 7.68 33.28 3.23

1:1.583:3.275 100 45 0.87 9.12 33.27 5.22

REFERENCES:-BOOKS:-1) M.S.SHETTY concrete technology s.chand Co.Ltd. (2004).2) M.L.Gamhir, concrete technology, Tata McGraw hill publishing co. ltd (2006)JOURNALS:1) Hudson B.P.( 1997) Manufactured sand for concrete- The Indian concrete journal (may1997), pp 237-2402) Nagaraj T.S. Zahinda Banu ( 1996) Efficient utilization of rock dust and pebbles as aggregate in Portland cement concrete- The Indian concrete

journal jan.1996, pp.53-563) Misra V.N. (1984) Use of stone dust from crushers in cement sand motors the India concrete journal ,august 1984,pp 219-2234) Lukkarila jay (2006) preparing a path for manufactured sand concrete international, June 2006 pp 66-675) Babbie E.& mounton j. The practice or social research, Soutt African edition .Cape TOWN: oxford university press, 2005.

LIST OF REFERRED IS CODES:1) IS 10262:1982: Recommended Guidelines for concrete mix design.2) Sp 23: 1982 ; Handbook on concrete mixes3) IS 383: 1970 Indian standards specification for coarse and fine aggregate from nature source for concrete4) IS 12269-1987 Specification for 53 grade ordinate Portland cement.5) IS 1199:1959 Method of sampling and analysis of concrete6) IS 2386 : 1963 (PART I AND VIII) Methods of test for aggregate for concrete.

WEBSITE:-1) http://oa.upm.es/8501/2/INVE_MEM_2010_83506.pdf2) http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/34636

FOLLOWING TABLES ARE RESULT OF CRACKC OBERAVATION IN CONCRETE SLAB-TABLES OF MEASURMENT OF CRACKS (USE TRANSPERNET SHEET)SHEET NO -A1

SR.NO LENTH WIDHT AREA

1 65 0.03 1.95

2 74 0.02 1.48

3 50 0.03 1.50

4 79 0.02 1.58

5 81 0.02 1.62

TOTAL 8.13

SHEET NO A2


1 140 0.03 4.20

2 75 0.03 2.25

3 64 0.02 1.28

4 84 0.02 1.68

5 160 0.02 3.20

6 134 0.03 4.02

7 65 0.02 1.30

8 61 0.01 0.61

TOTAL 18.54 AVERAGE-13.33

SHEET NO B1


1 35 0.01 0.35

2 36 0.01 0.36

3 32 0.01 0.32

4 33 0.01 0.33




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5 39 0.0165 0.64

6 51 0.01 0.51

TOTAL 2.59

SHEET NO B2


1 43 0.01 0.43

2 64 0.0133 0.85

3 26 0.01 0.264 30 0.01 0.30

5 20 0.01 0.20

6 26 0.01 0.26

TOTAL 2.30

SHEET NO B3


1 28 0.0133 0.37

2 27 0.0133 0.35

3 63 0.01 0.63

4 38 0.0133 0.50

5 48 0.0167 0.80

6 31 0.01 0.31

TOTAL 2.96

AVERAGE:-2.59

SHEET NO -C1


1 30 0.01 0.30

2 35 0.01 0.35

3 33 0.01 0.33

4 32 0.02 0.64

5 48 0.02 0.48

6 30 0.01 0.30

TOTAL 2.40

SHEET NO C2


1 34 0.01 0.34

2 30 0.01 0.30

3 29 0.02 0.58

4 48 0.01 0.48

5 48 0.01 0.48

6 34 0.01 0.34

TOTAL 2.52

SHEET NO C3


1 20 0.02 0.40

2 21 0.02 0.423 24 0.01 0.24

4 28 0.01 0.28

5 18 0.01 0.18

6 24 0.01 0.24

TOTAL 2.52

AVERAGE:-2.22

SHEET NO -D1


1 40 0.01 0.40




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2 31 0.01 0.31

3 32 0.01 0.32

TOTAL 1.03

SHEET NO D2


1 24 0.01 0.24

2 35 0.01 0.35

3 23 0.01 0.234 32 0.01 0.32

TOTAL 1.14

SHEET NO D3


1 34 0.01 0.34

2 51 0.0133 0.61

3 46 0.01 0.46

TOTAL 1.47

AVERAGE: 1.21

SHEET NO -E1


1 27 0.01 0.27

2 38 0.01 0.38

3 24 0.01 0.24

4 34 0.01 0.34

5 38 0.01 0.38

TOTAL 1.61

SHEET NO E2


1 37 0.01 0.37

2 27 0.01 0.27

3 60 0.01 0.60

4 37 0.01 0.375 36 0.03 1.08

6 41 0.03 1.23

7 52 0.03 1.36

TOTAL 5.48SHEET NO E3


1 54 0.02 1.08

2 25 0.01 0.25

3 35 0.01 0.35

4 30 0.01 0.30

5 63 0.01 0.63

TOTAL 2.61 AVERAGE:-3.23

SHEET NO F1


1 81 0.01 0.81

2 38 0.01 0.38

3 32 0.0133 0.43

4 46 0.02 0.92

5 76 0.01 0.76

6 107 0.01 1.07

7 44 0.01 0.44

8 70 0.01 0.70

9 56 0.01 0.56




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TOTAL 6.07

SHEET NO F2


1 63 0.01 0.63

2 90 0.01 0.90

3 54 0.02 0.54

4 42 0.01 0.42

5 66 0.01 0.66

6 54 0.01 0.547 40 0.01 0.40

8 49 0.01 0.49

TOTAL 4.58

SHEET NO F3


1 52 0.01 0.52

2 68 0.01 0.68

3 48 0.01 0.48

4 57 0.01 0.57

5 32 0.01 0.32

6 58 0.01 0.58

7 49 0.01 0.49

8 46 0.01 0.469. 46 0.02 0.92

TOTAL 5.02AVERAGE 5.22




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We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Er. Vinayak Ravindra Supekar for submitting his research paper on Study Of Crack Pattern And StrengthWith Replacement Of Natural With Artificial Fine Aggregate In Concrete to us.

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Comments

abhijit jadhav September 12, 2012 at 10:42 pm

nice topic , i like very much, pelease select for in your journal for publication

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