Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United...

8/8/2019 Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United States

1/17

Comparative DomestiC poliCy paper series 09

STRATEGIES AND INCENTIVES FOR MATCHING

DISABLED WORKERS WITH JOBS:lessoNs For italy From tHe UNiteD states

PATRIzIA SAROGLIA

Fellow, Comparative Domestic Policy program


2/17

2009 Te German Marshall Fund o the United States. All rights reserved.

No part o this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any orm or by any means without permission in writing

rom the German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF). Please direct inquiries to:

Te German Marshall Fund o the United States

1744 R Street, NW

Washington, DC 20009

1 202 683 2650

F 1 202 265 1662

E [email protected]

Tis publication can be downloaded or ree at http://www.gmus.org/publications/index.cm.

GMF Paper Series

Te GMF Paper Series presents research on a variety o transatlantic topics by sta, ellows, and partners o the German

Marshall Fund o the United States. Te views expressed here are those o the authors and do not necessarily represent the

views o GMF. Comments rom readers are welcome; reply to the mailing address above or by e-mail to [email protected].

About GMF

Te German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy and grant-making

institution dedicated to promoting greater cooperation and understanding between North America and Europe.

GMF does this by supporting individuals and institutions working on transatlantic issues, by convening leaders to discuss

the most pressing transatlantic themes, and by examining ways in which transatlantic cooperation can address a variety o

global policy challenges. In addition, GMF supports a number o initiatives to strengthen democracies.

Founded in 1972 through a gi rom Germany as a permanent memorial to Marshall Plan assistance, GMF maintains a

strong presence on both sides o the Atlantic. In addition to its headquarters in Washington, DC, GMF has seven ofces in

Europe: Berlin, Bratislava, Paris, Brussels, Belgrade, Ankara, and Bucharest.


3/17

Strategies and Incentives orMatching Disabled Workers with Jobs:

Lessons or Italy rom the United States

Comparative Domestic Policy Paper Series

September 2009

Pz S, F, C D P P*

*Pz S A. C, T, I, z f I P , . M. S LAPO (L ), T, j .

A GMF C D P P, M. S U S x B, M M, N Y C, P, W, DC . M. S , z j-; j; U.S. ; - .

Ex S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

B: U.S. I F C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

C: O C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13


4/17


5/17

Strategies and Incentives or Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs:

Lessons or Italy rom the United States3

T , U S

G M F

C D P F,

I P

.

S 1, U S

I

, - . B

z

j

,

. M

zz

.

S . F, ,

:

. S,

. U.S.

. F, I

,

,

.

Executive Summary


6/17

The German Marshall Fund o the United States4

I , U S I

.

S 1, ,

-

. E ,

j

.

S 1

8, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

q

,

, ,

. A , U S

-

x .

A x T W (TTW) ,

Work Incentives ImprovementAct of 1999, . TTW

U.S.

S S A

(SSA) ,

, j .

T I

(L. 68, 1) q

46 ,

.T -

P ( I

, q

U.S. ),

z

.

N ADA ( U

S), I

--,

, , x.

A , z

U S

(14 U.S.

,

4 3

). T

- x.

A

. A

j

q . P

, ,

,

. I ,

M P R (8), T U.S.

S S

D I (SSDI) S

S I (SSI)q

q ,

-- , x

SSDI SSI .

I ,

, ,

,

.

I , q,

5.6

(1 ). T

-

,

Background: U.S. and Italian

Frameworks and Challenges1


7/17



x 34 I .A I

,

z

. Cq,

. T

, q

- ,

x

.

A

T (

P

T), x

1,7 --

E C,

1, . T

7

. L ,

z E RD F O P

P , x

. T

, , .

H,

, .

S

, x,

(

),

.

T, j U S

I ,

. I q

: ,

,

,

j?

The policy framework in theUnited States and Italy

I I,

j

.1 E

.

T

x

. O , I

,

,

,

. O ,

,

j. I ,

,

, .

1 I . R , (comuni). T comune T, x, P T, P .


8/17


Both the United

States and Italy

are employing new

approaches in

the development

of the next

generation of

policies to help

people with

disabilities

find and keep

a suitable job,

shifting from the

belief that people

with disabilities

are a cost to

employers, to

the belief that

they represent

a resource.

I , A ,

. S U.S.

D

V R (DVR),

, ,

, . , ,

. F,

, ,

, q

- .

Serving diverse populations: The

open challenges of stigmatization

and fragmentation

T

I A ,

z

,

.

O

j ,

,

,

.

W

,

x

. S ,

.

I I, j

,

(.. --j

) . I U S,

, I,

,

U.S.

x

. T x

,

q .

W, , j

, ,

U S I

x

j,

,

.

A A

I

.

B z

j

. B

- ,

q ,

, .

T A ,

( )

I . T

,

z

x. S


9/17



The first order

of business is to

match the needs

of the target

population with

the services of

the program,

clearly identifying

the categories of

beneficiaries in

order to design

and tailor the

interventions

speaking about

people with

disabilities is

not enough.

,

.

B z

? T

,

. O,

U.S.

, ( ,

, )

. I ,

(U.S.) (I)

,

z

. O ,

,

x .

Definition of disability and eligibility criteria

integrating people who are unable to work

T A D A

, I

. O .

H, , the real question

is whether or not the various stakeholders of

the programs interpret disability with any

commonality. A xz

, ,

. S S

Cultural Locations of Disability (6)

,

, ,

, ,

, ( )

. I , , ,

x

,

.

I I I ,

. H,

: that persons with disabilities

cant really work and then proposes programs

to put the disabled back to work. T

x A T

W P. A M (8)

: T U.S.

[] q

q ,

-- , x

SSDI SSI .

I U S, I,

. I

,

,

.

T -

,

j. T

j

. F A A P D (AAPD) U

S G A O (GAO)

7

,

j


10/17


The Piedmont

Regional

Government

should set up

a deliberative

public process,

incorporating

people with

disabilities,

experts,

policymakers,

and medical

institutions, to

work on new

eligibility criteria

to add to the

International

Classification

on Functioning

of Health and

Disability (ICF)

currently in use. . I I,

temporary

() permanent().

I , N Y C W,

C A, R E (WCARE) z

:

;

;

; ;

. T

z

/

x -.

T , q j

, ,

.

BOX 1. A large network of stakeholders in the United States

To give the sense of the variety and the extent of the U.S. network of services consider the following:

Maximus,Inc.hasbeenselectedtoserveastheprogrammanagerfortheTTWprogramandmanagesallthe

900,000ticketssenttobeneficiaries.OneoftheirprimaryresponsibilitiesincludestherecruitmentofEmployment

Networks(EN).1

TheHumanimnonprofitsocialservicesagency,basedinColumbia(MD),isoneoftheoperators,withJohnsHopkins

University,oftheStartonSuccess(SOS)programinBaltimore.TheSOSprogramalsoexistsinPhiladelphia,

supportedbytheMarriottFoundationandtheUniversityofPhiladelphia.SOSinPhiladelphiaisatransitional

programfromschooltoworkforyoungpeoplewithdisabilities.

Humanimisalsoaleaddeveloperofthejust-completedrestorationprojectoftheAmericanBrewerybuildingineast

Baltimore.Humanimspresidentandchiefexecutiveofficersaidtheyhopetoprovidehundredsofneedypeople

withjobtrainingandclinicalsupportforchildrenandadultswithdevelopmentalandbehaviouraldisabilities.Current

plansincludehiring250employeesfromtheimmediateneighborhoodandopeningthe32,000-square-footbuildingtothecommunityforeventsandactivities.

Anothernonprofitorganization,Melwood,anUpperMarlboro,Maryland-basedagency,employsdevelopmentally

disabledadultsfollowingcompletionofaspeciallydesignedtrainingprogram.Theirmostrecentcontractwassigned

withtheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturetocareforandmaintaintheentiresix-acre PeoplesGardenontheNational

MallinWashington,DC.2

Asafinalexample,theClubhousesofNYC,MadisonandMilwaukee(WI)supportindividualslivingwiththeeffects

ofmentalillness.AsimplemissionsustainstheworkoftheInternationalCenterofClubhouseDevelopment(ICCD):

ThroughparticipationinaClubhousepeoplearegiventheopportunitiestorejointheworldsoffriendships,family,

importantwork,employment,education,andtoaccesstheservicesandsupportstheymayindividuallyneed,

believingthatrecoveryfrommentalillnessispossibleforall.Infact,everyClubhousetriestoenableitsmembersto

returntopaidworkthroughtransitionalandindependentemployment.

1 AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdministration(SSA)website,anENisanorganizationalentity(Stateorlocal,publicorprivate)thatentersintoacontractwithSSAwiththeintentionofcoordinatinganddeliveringemploymentservices,VocationalRehabilitationservices,

and/orothersupportservicesundertheTickettoWorkProgram,andwhichworkswithbeneficiarieswhohaveassignedtheirTickets

totheENwhichhasacceptedtheTicket.Source:http://www.ssa.gov/work/envr.html#what_is_EN

2 (asreportedbytheWashington Post,April22)


11/17



The changing

approach of the

latest generation

of American

programs for

people with

disabilities can

be characterized

as work based

on ability vs.

work based

on disability.

I

,

P R G

,

, x, ,

,

I C

F H D (ICF)

. A ,

, z T. T

.

The new approachincentives for

programs to match abilities with jobs

T

A

z work based on ability vs. work

based on disability. T

I ,

z

.

T

. T

U.S. , M

W D L D

V R (DVR), x,

j j

.

T TTW x . T

money

in the hands of beneficiaries

.T

SSA ,

outcome-oriented voucher system.

K M

-

,

x.

F , W S

D W D

M W P SS A

. T M W P

,

SSI SSDI

,

- (-

x

). M W P

-

. B x

.

Incentives for employers instead of penalties

T A

q , I ,

people with disabilities are

resources, not liabilities. I I

, U.S.

z

. T

, x

, x


12/17


The success

of people with

developmental or

mental disabilities

depends

on a strong

and trusting

relationship

between program

services and

the employers.

, .

T ; ,

. O x

(

,

-). A

j. Fx, j

. T

(: $,4). A

U.S.

,

. I ,

x

-

. T

:

(: $,

).

I z q

,

,

x ( )

TManual for Wisconsin Employers ( - z WS W, W D V R, U W-S, W D H S P I) , --j , - j , ,- -, .

j, j j , W DVR

A . T

, ,

,

,

. A

M D D

G M F U S

M F W, DC M:

T

, :

.

W , W DVR

x

. A ,

, ,

DVR ,

x

. T x x

, z,

, .

A ,

. T

. S

,

x

, , .

Targeted interventions for diverse

beneficiaries: Youth and personswith mental disabilities

D U S, I

:

j.


13/17



Like the Starting

on Success (SOS

program in the

United States, th

Piedmont Region

Government

should attempt

a similar pilot

program in Turin.

W , I

U S,

,

, j. T

.

H,

. M

j

x , ,

j. F,

.

I ,

. V

. A ,

,

,

.

W

U S I,

.

T U.S. D

N P (DNP), j

3 U.S. D L (DOL),

E T A (DOLETA),

S S A (SSA),

j

O-S

E C 44 . T

SSA ,

, /

j. T

P T P P

D F (

T U I D), x

,

,

,

.

W

(144- )

, I z

. H, U

S S

S (SOS) , 14 P N Oz

D (NOD). SOS

, B P

x A

C. SOS q

. F

,

j

, ,

j .

I , I P

R G

SOS T, -

,

,

q

.


14/17


People and

policymakers from

both countries

must abandon the

idea that people

with disabilities

inherently

cannot work.

M q : A

?

H , ,

? H

z ? W

(.. x

)

j ? I x q

q?

I U

S

, ,

,

. T A

j

,

, .

Conclusion: Open Challenges2I I U S . P

. T U S

TTW. T

. I I,

,

.

T I ,

. T

, .

I U S,

, 15 z,

,

.

I I,

, I

. W

I,

z ,

q

. F, ,

,

.


15/17



M .

F , I GMF

C D P P :

E P, B R, J S,

Ez W.

I I

A

: D OB T H, S S

A (SSA); R B, J

K, R E C, C B, R

H, M D, S W B

B, U.S. D L, O

D E P (ODEP); K

D, M S D E,

D R S; A I,

A A P D

(AAPD); C T, G L

D S, M P R

(MPR); C L. D, M G, J

DC, W S D W

D; L C W M

D, M V R

C (VRC); J R, W

S D H S, O

I E; C L,

W S D M H S;

M C, P L, K H, L

M C A, W S

D V R; R

F, G A C M; G

M, M Y C; J F. B,

MAXIMUS I.; D R P, M;H P C P T, H,

I.; C S, C S

P; J W D, G P

U A C, D G, CAVS

V S D P;

K A, T P P

D F, P

T U; Sz S, N Y

C F H; M B, H

R A (HRA) C

N Y; M N, FEGS WCARE;

R S-C, A V P,N Y C VRS, G S, W, CSP,

SSI, CRT; C Gzz, CSP & W;

K B, Y J V

R S (VRS) M; M

M, WE ARE C M; P

J-S, C C, K W,

S J, M OB, W M,

A WC.

Acknowledgements3


16/17


17/17

Off i c e s

Washington Berlin Bratislava ParisBrussels Belgrade Ankara Bucharest

www.gmu.org

Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United...

Documents

Transcript of Strategies and Incentives for Matching Disabled Workers with Jobs: Lessons for Italy from the United...