Steen Lau Jørgensen Director, Social Development World Bank

Social Development Strategy

The Social Dimensions of The Social Dimensions of Development EffectivenessDevelopment Effectiveness:

The Draft World Bank Social Development Thematic Strategy

Steen Lau Jørgensen

Director, Social Development

World Bank


An example from Mchinji, Malawi…In 2002 an illiterate woman took part in a CARE program to train communities how to monitor health services using a community score card: keeping track of drug supplies, and assessing the quality of service by staff.

Drugs delivery was a huge problem throughout Malawi

She got very good at it…

-How many drugs were supplied to the center?

-How were given to patients?

-How many were available?

-How were staff treating patients?

Complete turnaround in performance of this health center within 6 months when the score card exercise was repeated

• Health staff know that they will be evaluated every six months

• Ministry takes note of the evaluations

• Change in performance is dramatic


An example from Mchinji, Malawi…

When the program was being introduced to other sectors through the Malawi Social Action Fund this illiterate woman was asked to present it

- Clear

- Articulate

- Powerful

The CARE program was expanded throughout Malawi


What is social development?

Inclusion: Putting people at the center of development Involved an illiterate woman in Mchinji

Cohesion: Strengthening community fabric so that members can work togetherThe village in Mchinji worked together to solve problem

Accountability: Developing ways for people to exercise voice to authoritiesAn illiterate woman gave voice to community


What is social development?

One illiterate woman

A village

A district

A national program

Why not the world?


Assets and Capabilities for Poverty Reduction

Well-being

Poverty reduction

Institutions:

Human

Financial

Physical

Natural

Social

Assets

InclusiveCohesiveAccountable


How does the World Bank “do” social development?

PrinciplesInclusion. Putting people at the center of development

Providing equal access to opportunity

Cohesion. Strengthening communities so people can work together for common objectives and overcome divisions

Accountability. Developing ways for people to exercise voice to authorities, and for authorities to respond



Many parts of the Bank contribute:Social sectors (“Human Development”): health,

education, social protectionPublic Sector Management, poverty analysis

All these areas have existing strategies, what is missing is the bottom-up, understanding of the informal and formal institutions from the perspective of poor people = “social development” in the World Bank



Areas of activity within Social Development:Social AnalysisParticipation and Civic EngagementCommunity Driven DevelopmentConflict Prevention and ReconstructionSocial Safeguards



Social analysisE.g., how does opportunities for female migrant

workers change local norms and culture, how is that relevant for development interventions?

E.g., what social norms about girls education are relevant for achieving universal primary education?

E.g., what is the likely social impact of land reform in Cambodia or Zambia?

How is a country evolving on the principles, i.e. tracking progress on inclusion, cohesion, accountability



Participation and Civil EngagementIn Uganda, support public debates of policy

changes proposed through dialogue with World Bank

In Albania, support legal changes in enabling environment for civil society

In Peru support publication of the BudgetIn Philippines work on accountability and

NGO enabling environment



Community Driven DevelopmentE.g., in Indonesia and Philippines, provide

resources to communities that take initiatives to develop local development plans

Such programs are in 60+ countries with a volume of Bank support between 1 and 2 billion USD annually



Conflict Prevention and ReconstructionE.g., help rebuild infrastructure, economies

and societies in Afghanistan, Congo, Somalia

E.g., carry out conflict analysis (Somalia, Nigeria) to study drivers of conflict and recommend policy changes



Social SafeguardsE.g., protect interests of indigenous

peoples and involuntarily resettled persons, making sure they benefit in appropriate ways from development interventions

Traditionally main entry point for SD staff, now about 20% of work



Staffing:Recognized as sector group within the

Bank since 1997About 140 staff (out of 10,000 total), many

(about 60) with anthropology or sociology background, but very diverse



Staffing (2):About 25 staff in central unit Rest in regional units headed by sector

managers and under an ESSD Director (a few in research and World Bank Institute)

Half of social development staff are in country offices, reporting to Regional managers


Social Development Works

Review from World Bank Operations Evaluation Department shows that attention to social dimensions makes projects work better

7.9 2 81 62 455.0 3 84 63 471.5 4 90 64 49

68 50 34Source: OED 2003, page 24

Average Ratings for All Bank Projects

Ratings for Projects with Two, Three, or Four Overlapping Social Development Themes

Percent of total Bank projects

No. of overlapping

themes

Outcomes (% satisfactory)

Sustainability (% likely)

Institutional development (%

substantial)


Strategic Objective: Accelerate the trajectory

Heading in the right direction Portfolio that includes SD increased (to about half in recent

years)

Quality of attention to SD issues in other projects improved (85% of good quality up from 75 four years ago according to QAG)

Strategic priorities to go further: Strengthen policy dialogue and lending

Improve project effectiveness – by mainstreaming and free-standing portfolio

Build on foundation of capacity building, advocacy and research


Increase Attention to SD in the Bank's Policy Dialogue and

Policy-based Lending•Strengthen multi-stakeholder participation in development and monitoring of macro strategy documents (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, Medium Term Expenditure Framework, Bank Country Assistance Strategy)•Improve the social development content of policy analysis, working from positive experiences with Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) and social capital studies.•Improve content of policy-based lending

•E.g., budget transparency conditionality, enabling community groups to manage public funds, improving transparency of bidding process


Improve the effectiveness of Bank-supported investment

projectsA more systematic approach to social development and stronger follow-through:

•Improve multi-stakeholder participation – to include better sustainability and monitoring by building into local planning processes;•Improve social analysis including efficiency improvements by relying on sector-wide and country-wide work, e.g. country social analysis and•Improve mainstreaming of SD concerns into Bank-financed projects and project components and nurture SD portfolio that is currently at about 8% of Bank lending.


Improve capacity building, advocacy and research

• Align research priorities better with operational needs by supporting research that: • explores further the link between the social dimensions of development and economic growth, • refines indicators for social development, and • better evaluates the impacts of social development projects.

• Sustain advocacy based on better aligned research and clarify the aspects of social development the Bank will address directly.

• Strengthen capacity building


Next steps

Finalize Bank-wide business strategy – third quarter 2004

Dissemination after final Executive Directors’ endorsement - possibly late 2004 early 2005


Key Questions…. Do you agree with the principles of inclusion, cohesion and

accountability? What should the World Bank do to promote social

development? What scope is there for partnerships between the two

Banks in this area?


“I will not wait”

In a letter from Birmingham jail, Martin Luther King Jr.wrote:

“How long are my people supposed to wait?… Human progress…takes the hard work of dedicated people like you and me, working together to advance human civilization… I will not wait…”

Steen Lau Jørgensen Director, Social Development World Bank

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