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STAIRS

Brick & Stonelaying

Phase 6

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Part K of the Building Regulations 1997, states:

K1 Stairways, ladders & ramps shall be such as to afford safe passage for the users of the building.

213 November 2009


K2 In a building the sides of every floor and balcony and every part of a roof to which people normally have access shall be guarded to protect users from the risk of falling therefrom.

313 November 2009


K3 In a building the sides of every

vehicle ramp and every floor and

roof vehicles have access shall be

guarded against the risk of falling

vehicles therefrom.

413 November 2009


K4 The requirements of this Part apply to

stairways, ladders and ramps which

form part of the structure of a

building.

513 November 2009

TERMS USED IN STAIRWAYS

Flight the part of a stairway between

landings

Going the horizontal distance between

the nosing of the tread or

landing next above it

Pitch the angle between the pitch line

and the horizontal

613 November 2009


Rise the vertical distance between the

top of a tread and the top of the

tread or landing next above it or

below it

Stairs a succession of steps and

landings that make it possible to

pass on foot to other levels.

713 November 2009


Tapered step a step, the nosing of which

is not parallel to the nosing

of the step or landing next

above it.

Tread the upper surface of a step.

String the parallel beams that

carry the treads and risers,

also forms the pitch

813 November 2009


Balustrade the railing, screen or

walling

Landing the platform between flights

of stairway

Nosing the front edge or lip of the

tread

Ramp a sloped surface acting as

a passageway – for

wheelchair access. 913 November 2009


PRIVATE STAIRS

means stairs used by a limited number of people who are generally very familiar with the stairs e.g. Internal stairs in a dwelling.

1013 November 2009


SEMI-PUBLIC STAIRS

means stairs used by larger numbers of people , some of whom may be unfamiliar with the stairs e.g. Factories, offices shops, common stairs serving more the one dwelling.

1113 November 2009


PUBLIC STAIRS

means stairs used by large numbers

of people at one time e.g. places of

public assembly

In stairs which are intended to satisfy

the needs of ambulant disabled people

the rise should not be greater than

175mm and the going should be not less

than 250mm

1213 November 2009

PRIMARY FUNCTIONS

Provide a means of circulation between

floor levels

Establish a safe means of travel between

floor levels

Provide an easy means of travel

between floor levels

Provide a means of conveying fittings &

furniture between floor levels

1313 November 2009

CONSTRUCTION OF STEPS

In any stairs

All of the steps should be of appropriate

dimensions and be of suitable

construction .

All steps should have the same rise

All parallel steps should have the same

going

All tapered steps should have the same

going

1413 November 2009


For tapered treads the

going should

conform to the same

measurements when

measured as follows:

If the flight is < 900mm

wide measure in the

middle

1513 November 2009


If the flight is 900mm

wide or more

measure in 270mm

from each side. The

going should

measure at least

75mm at the narrow

end.

1613 November 2009


1713 November 2009


• Treads should be level • Steps may have open risers however the

nosing of any tread should overlap the back edge of the one below by at least 16mm

1813 November 2009


If an open riser stairway is to be used by

children under five years of age it should

be constructed so that a 100mm

diameter sphere cannot pass through the

opening between the treads.

1913 November 2009


Headroom over the whole width of any stairs should not be less than 2m

2013 November 2009


In a loft conversion where space is limited,

headroom measured at the centre of the

stairs should be not less than 1.9m but

may reduce to not less than 1.8m at the

side of the stairway if there is a minor

projection.

2113 November 2009


Width of Stairs

Private stairs should have a clear width

of at least 800mm. For public and semi-

public stairways according to Fire Safety

Document.

Length of Flights

There should be no more than 16 risers

in any one flight.

2213 November 2009


In places with large numbers of people there should be no more than two consecutive flights consisting of max 12 risers without a change of direction

2313 November 2009


A level landing should be provided at the

top and bottom of every flight. The

landing may include part of the floor. The

width and going of the landing should be

at least the width of the smallest width of

the flight.

2413 November 2009


Landings should be level except where

they are formed by the ground. Then

they may slope up to 1:50 provided the

ground is paved and textured.

Landings should be clear of permanent

obstruction.

2513 November 2009


Handrails

A stairway should have a handrail on at

least one side if it is less than 1000mm

wide. It should have a handrail on both

sides if it is wider.

Handrails may not be necessary beside

the two bottom steps of a stairway.

2613 November 2009


Handrails should be at a height of between

840mm and 1000mm measured

vertically above the pitch line. They must

give firm support. A handrail may form

the top of the guarding if the height is

suitable.

2713 November 2009


Stairways which will regularly be used by

elderly or physically disabled people

should ideally have handrails on both

sides of the stairs. These should be no

more than 900mm apart so that both

handrails can be gripped at the same

time.

2813 November 2009


Guarding

Stairways should be guarded at the

sides except where the total rise is no

more than 600mm.

Suitable guarding would include:

A wall

Screen

Railing or balustrade

2913 November 2009


The minimum height of guarding on private

stairs is 840mm on flights and 900mm on

landings. For common (public) stairs

they are 900mm on flights and 1100mm

on landings.

A guarding should be capable of

withstanding considerable horizontal

force.

3013 November 2009


The maximum pitch for a stairway should

not exceed the following:

Private stairway 42˚

Public stairway 33˚

3113 November 2009

FIXED LADDERS

A fixed ladder should have fixed handrails

on both sides. It should not be used as

primary access to a habitable room.

3213 November 2009

CONCRETE STAIRS

Cast In-Situ Stairs

A reinforced concrete stairs can be

described as an inclined slab spanning

from either

Floor to floor

or

Floor to landing.

3313 November 2009

CONCRETE STAIRS

As the slab is spanning

from floor to floor or

floor to landing the

main reinforcing bars

run in this direction

with the distribution

bars at right angles

to these

3413 November 2009

CONCRETE STAIRS

The depth of the slab is the distance from the angle of tread and

riser to the bottom of the slab.

3513 November 2009

CONCRETE STAIRS

This is known as the waist of the stairs and

is minimum 100mm deep. The depth can

vary depending on the design of the

stairs.

3613 November 2009

COMMON FAULTS IN STAIRS

The most common faults in stairs are:

RISERS OF UNEQUAL HEIGHTS.

UNEQUAL GOINGS TO TREADS.

TOO STEEP A PITCH TO THE

STAIRWAY.

INSUFFICIENT OR NO HANDRAILS.

POOR LIGHTING

3713 November 2009

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