SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government. A. Describe the ways...
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Transcript of SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government. A. Describe the ways...
SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.A. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
Unitary Government SystemThe central government holds almost all of the power.
Local governments (state/county systems) sometimes have power, but are still controlled by the central government.
Central government may change or abolish the way local governments operate.
Some elect officials who may make and enforce laws with no regard to the lower levels of government.
A good example would be a monarchy (area ruled by a king or emperor) ruler and advisors make most of the decisions.
An example, Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, King and advisors make most of the decisions.
ONE
Central Authori
ty
UnitaryWays Government Distributes Power
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.A. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
Confederation Government SystemLocal governments hold all of the power however it depends on local governments for its existence.
Central government has as much power as the local governments are willing to give.
MANY
Central
Authority
ConfederationWays Government Distributes Power
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
SS7CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.A. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
Federal Government SystemPower is shared among different levels of government.
States have some powers the federal government does not have (collect property taxes and determine sales tax), federal also have some powers the state doesn’t (right to declare war and make treaties.SHARED
Federation / FederalWays Government Distributes Power
Regional
Authority
Central Authori
ty
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Ways Government Distributes Power
Unitary ConfederationFederal
All key powers are held by the
central government
State/regional
authorities hold most of the power
Strong central
government
Weaker central
government
SS7CG4 The student will and contrast various forms of government.B. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic.
Autocratic Government Ruler has absolute power.Individuals do not have any rights to choose leaders or vote.One.
Oligarchic GovernmentMeans “government by the few”A political party or small group takes over a government and makes all of the major decisions.
Very similar to an autocratic government.
Several.
Democratic GovernmentPeople play a much greater role in deciding who the rulers are and what decisions are made.
Decisions are usually made by majority votes but there are also laws in place to protect individual rights.
Many.
How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
DemocracyOligarchicAutocratic
Govern
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t P
ow
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Cit
izen
P
art
icip
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Govern
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Gen
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en
s’
Part
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Govern
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Cit
izen
P
art
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Sele
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Cit
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s’
Part
icip
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High Participation
High Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
ONE SEVERAL MANY
There are two types of Democracies:Direct Democracy
People vote on all issues.Exists in small societies where citizens
can regularly meet and discuss issues.An example is a Kibbutz in Israel.
Representative or RepublicPeople vote on representatives and give
them the power to vote on issues.
SS7CG4 The student will and contrast various forms of government.C. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.
Parliamentary Form of Democratic GovernmentPeople vote for those who represent the political party they feel best represents their views of how the government should operate.
The legislature they elect (parliament) makes and enforces the laws for the country.
The leader of parliament is called the prime minister or premier, recognized as head of government.
Presidential Form of Democratic Government
Also called a congressional form of government.
President or chief executive is chosen separately from the legislature.
Legislature makes and passes laws.The president enforces the laws.
DifferencePrime minister is a member of a parliament.
President is in a separate branch of the government.
THE GOVERNMENT of ISRAELType of Government- Parliamentary DemocracyThree Branches
The legislative branch is called the KnessetThe judicial branch is called the Supreme
CourtThey also have an executive branch
They do not have a written constitution but are working on a draft.
Citizens vote for political parties or groups rather than candidates.
Use the following information to complete the chart
Israel Executive Branch: The Roles of Prime Minister and President
There is not a separation of powers like we have in the US.The prime minister is the head of government- (also
called the chief executive), and makes the important political decisions.
The president is the head of state- a ceremonial leader or figure headThe president signs laws and appoint judges and people to other roles;
however, it is considered an apolitical role, so he cannot “ intervene politically nor express personal views on issues that divide the public."
The legislature is called the Knesset (US: Congress:: Israel: Knesset)Citizens vote for the Knesset
The Knesset elects the president.The Knesset also elects the prime minister and the president
then ceremoniously agrees. This means the prime minister will be a member of the dominant (main) political party.
IsraelVoting Rights and Personal Freedoms
Every citizen over 18 has the right to vote.Entire country is a single electoral district.Every citizen has one vote. All votes carry equal
weight.Voting by secret ballot.Human rights and liberties part of basic law of
Israel.Israel ranks 50 out of 168 for freedom of the
press by Reporters Without Borders.Amnesty International disapproves of Israel’s
human rights records due to Arab-Israeli conflict.
The Government of Israel
Citizen Participation Democratic
Distribution of PowerUnitary
THE GOVERNMENT of SAUDI ARABIASaudi Arabia has an Absolute Monarchy
The King holds executive and legislative power in Saudi Arabia so he is head of government and chief of state.
The King currently makes decisions (autocracy) but the group of princes will select the next king after the current one dies (oligarchy).
Council of MinistersThe King is assisted by the Council of
Ministers, similar to a cabinet. The King can appoint and dismiss the
members, and can overrule all of its decisions.
Legislative Branch: Consultative CouncilThis too is an advisory council appointed by
the king.Set up similar to a legislature, but can not
make final decisions on laws.
Saudi Arabia is Divided into 13 Provinces or Areas
The king appoints the governors of each province (prince, governor or emir).
Each province has a council made up of members appointed by the king.
The ConstitutionThere is NO constitutionInstead the Quran is considered the
constitution.
Judicial Branch: Supreme Council of Justice or Supreme CourtsCourt rulings are interpreted by Sharia Law
according to the Quran. Judges called Quadi make decisions based
on the Islamic Laws.There are no juries.The king can overrule judgments.
Citizen Rights and Personal FreedomsPeople must be Muslim to hold citizenship status
in Saudi Arabia.Public practice of other religions other than
Islam is prohibited. Have strict dietary laws, no pork, no alcohol
Women have little personal freedom, no driving on public roads, no voting, have to dress modestly.
Limited freedom of the press.90% of the people are Sunni Muslim.Only males who are citizens over the age of 21
can vote in local elections
The Government of Saudi ArabiaDistribution of Power
UnitaryCitizen Participation
AutocraticStrict Sharia law – restricts individual freedomsMale citizens only can vote in local elections
THE GOVERNMENT of IRAN
Iran Government Structure
Type of Government Theocratic Republic or Theocratic
DemocracyPart of the government is a Theocracy
because certain government positions are held by religious leaders
Part of the government is a democracy that votes for representatives (republic)
Three BranchesLegislative: Islamic Consultative Council or parliamentJudicial: Supreme Court or High Council of Judiciary or
Sharia CourtsExecutive
Ayatollah or Supreme Leader is chief of state- he holds ultimate political power.
President is head of government and official chief of state.
There are also three councils that advise the executive: the Assembly of Experts (religious conservatives who appoint the Ayatollah), Expediency Council, and Council of Guardians of the Constitution (appointed by the Ayatollah and determine whether proposed legislation is both constitutional and follows Islamic law)YOU DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THESE THREE COUNCILS
Iran: Voting Rights and Personal Freedoms Universal suffrage. Voting age: 16 Voter turnout is high – Iranians value what little democratic power
they have. Freedom House rates Iran freer than Saudi Arabia. Government demands compliance with Islamic law in personal and
public life. Male-dominated society. Women are barred from significant economic and political roles. Religious minorities – including Sunnis – are granted little room for
participation (ethnic minorities as well). Restrictions on freedom of expression. Abuse, torture and imprisonment without charge occur. Attacks on demonstrators occur regularly. Political groups opposed to the government are mostly repressed. Recognized religions include Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians, but
their activities are strictly controlled. Freedom of assembly is written into the constitution but is in fact
limited.
Iranian Citizen ParticipationVERY UNCLEAR- many shades of gray!
Should know how each term applies but will not be tested on this information.Autocratic- Ayatollah makes all decisions-
holds all political powerOligarchic- small group of religious officials
choose AyatollahSome parts are democratic- there is some
voting.
Distribution of Power in IranUnitary – all power is held by the central
government
Type Of Government
Legislative (What do they do? What are they called?)Makes Laws
Judicial (What do they do? What are they called?)Interpret Laws
Executive (What do they do? What are they called?)LEADER of GOVERNMENTEnforces Laws
Personal Freedoms (Who can vote? Can they choose their religion? Other rules?)
Who can participate? (Autocratic, Oligarchic, or Democratic) CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
How government distributes power? (Unitary, Confederation, or Federal)
Israel
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Type Of Government
Legislative (What do they do? What are they called?)
Judicial (What do they do? What are they called?)
Executive (What do they do? What are they called?)LEADER of GOVERNMENT
Personal Freedoms (Who can vote? Can they choose their religion? Other rules?)
Who can participate? (Autocratic, Oligarchic, or Democratic) CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
How government distributes power? (Unitary, Confederation, or Federal)
United States
Presidential Democracy
Congress (House of Representatives and Senate)
Supreme Court President (people vote for)
Many rights: freedom of religion, universal suffrage
Democratic Federal-central and regional authorities share power
Israel Parliamentary Democracy
Knesset (appoints president and prime minister)
Supreme Court Prime Minister Many rights: freedom of religion, universal suffrage
Democratic Unitary-central government has all power
Iran Theocratic Republic
Islamic Consultative Assembly
Supreme Court or High Council of Judiciary or Sharia Courts
Ayatollah or Supreme Leader
Universal suffrage; little freedom of religion
Autocratic- due to Ayatollah all powerfulOligarchic- some people can voteDemocratic- they may see themselves as such as they vote on some things
Unitary-central government has all power
Saudi Arabia
Absolute Monarchy
Consultative Council
Supreme Council of Justice or Sharia Courts
King Must practice Islam; only men can vote, little freedom of press
Autocratic right now but oligarchic after King dies b/c the emirs (500 princes) will vote for the next King
Unitary-central government has all power