Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government...

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Governments Governments Who is in Who is in Charge? Charge? • Oligarchy • Autocracy • Democracy Where is the Where is the Power? Power? Unitary Government Federal Government • Confederation Government

Transcript of Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government...

Page 1: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

GovernmentsGovernmentsWho is in Charge?Who is in Charge?• Oligarchy

• Autocracy

• Democracy

Where is the Power?Where is the Power?• Unitary Government

• Federal Government

• Confederation Government

Page 2: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Unitary Government PowerUnitary Government Power• In a unitary government, the Central government has

most of the authority and decision-making power

• Local government offices are part of the Central government

• Central Government maintains all power over the Local Governments

• Unitary governments may not be less democratic (when

ordinary citizens get to vote) than other forms- it depends on who is in charge!

Page 3: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Unitary GovernmentUnitary Government

CentralGovernment

Has all the power

Local Government Local

Government

Local Government

Same as Central

Same as Central

Same as Central

The Local Governments are not separate, but are smaller partsof the Central government

Page 4: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Unitary Governments of the WorldUnitary Governments of the World

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Examples of Unitary GovernmentsExamples of Unitary Governmentsin the Worldin the World

• Europe:France, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,

Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom (Great Britain)

• Central and South America:Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada,

Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru

Page 6: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Federal Government PowerFederal Government Power• In a Federal Government- power is split

between a central government authority and the local governments (like the United States)

• an overriding “law of the land,” known as a constitution, allocates (gives out) duties, rights, and privileges to each level of government

• The constitution usually defines how power is shared between national, state, and local governments

Page 7: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Central Government

Federal Government- power of the Central government is separate from State Government

The FederalConstitutionLaws Rule

Both Central and State

State Governments

Page 8: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Federal Governments all over the Federal Governments all over the WHOLE WORLD!WHOLE WORLD!

• Government of Australia • Government of Belgium • Government of Brazil • Government of Canada • Government of Germany • Government of India • Government of Malaysia • Government of Mexico • Government of Russia • Government of Switzerland • Government of the United States

Page 9: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Confederation Government PowerConfederation Government Power• A confederation is a group of empowered states or

communities, usually created by treaty but often later creating a common constitution (rule of laws)

• Confederations usually deal with issues such as defense, foreign affairs, foreign trade, and a common currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all members

• Difference between Federation and Confederation:1. Membership in a Confederation is VOLUNTARY,

while membership in a Federation is NOT2. A Confederation has no real direct powers3. Any changes to the constitution (usually a treaty),

require unanimity (everyone must agree by vote)

Page 10: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Canadian ConfederationCanadian Confederation

Fathers of the Canadian Confederation

In Canada, Confederation means the British North America Act, in 1867 which united four colonies of British North America (Province of Upper Canada, Province of Lower Canada, Province of New Brunswick and Province of Nova Scotia). Even though the word "confederation”, is sometimesused for Canada’s government, Canada is really a federal state.

Page 11: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

How citizens participateHow citizens participate• Autocracy- rule of one

• Oligarchy- rule of a few

• Democracy- rule of majority

• Autocracy can be a dictatorship - rule by one person– like Cuba

• Oligarchy is government by a small group –like Myanmar, Fiji – and some say Russia is becoming an oligarchy again

• Democracy is rule by the people or their, freely and informed, elected representatives -- like USA, Mexico

Page 12: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

AutocracyAutocracy

Rule of OneAll Government decisions are made by one person

Citizens have little or no real choice about Government Decisions

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Autocracies of the WorldAutocracies of the World

An autocratic government is when only the government can make the decisions. So, the people who live in a country with an autocratic government have no say in creating their country’s laws

Page 14: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

OligarchyOligarchy• Rule of the few:• Generally the people who are richer and more

powerful than the others, what you might call the aristocrats or the nobles

• Sometimes they may be elected, and sometimes they are born into their position, and at other times you might have to have a certain amount of money or land in order to have any power in government

• Oligarchies are generally bad for the poor, but they are pretty good for rich people from powerful families

Page 15: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Ruled Ruled by a by a fewfew

OligarchyOligarchy

This is a few cooties

Ordinary citizens usually don’t have a vote or a voice in their government

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DemocracyDemocracy• Democracy means the rule of the people (in Greek). That

is where each individual person has a vote about what to do. Whatever the most people vote for wins. There is no king or dictator, and anybody can propose a new law

• One problem for a democracy is that it is very inconvenient for people to always be going to vote for laws. People have jobs! So, most democracies usually elect a few people who will do most of the everyday voting, and the rest of the votes only come when there is a really important law to pass. It is hard to decide how to choose these few people to be representatives! This is called Representative Democracy

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These are the countries in the world today These are the countries in the world today that “claim” to be a democracy-that “claim” to be a democracy-meaning the meaning the citizens rule themselvescitizens rule themselves

Do you think ALL of these countries are a TRUE Democracy?

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Just because a country let’s ordinary people vote, doesn’t mean that the citizens’ votes REALLY COUNT!

This is a “Polity Data Series Map”It tries to measure a country’s true democracy in governmentIt gives scores of -10 to +10. The countries in the lightest pink have the highest democracy score, the darker the color, the lower the democracy score

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DemocracyDemocracy

Ruled by Ruled by majoritymajority –or- –or- by the peopleby the people

What is this person doing?

In a true democracy, all citizens gets to vote, and every vote counts!

Page 20: Governments Who is in Charge? Oligarchy Autocracy Democracy Where is the Power? Unitary Government Federal Government Confederation Government.

Types of DemocracyTypes of DemocracyPresidential Democracy• is when the executive (usually

called the president) is separate from the legislature (the part of government that passes laws).

• The president is not accountable to the legislature, and the legislature does not have power over the president. The branches of government are separate from each other

Parliamentary Democracy• is when the executive,

(sometimes called the Prime Minister) is dependent on the support of the legislature (often termed the parliament), by giving a “vote of confidence.”

• The branches of government are not clearly separate from each other

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orange - parliamentary republics green - presidential republics, executive presidency linked to a parliament yellow - presidential republics, semi-presidential system blue - presidential republics, presidential democracy full presidential system red - parliamentary constitutional monarchies in which the monarch does not personally exercise power magenta - constitutional monarchies in which the monarch personally exercises power, often (but not always) alongside a weak parliament purple - absolute monarchies brown - republics where the dominant role of a single party is codified in the constitution beige - states where constitutional provisions for government have been suspended grey - countries which do not fit any of the above systems

Wow-this is a

lot

of

governments!

I think this one is my favorite!

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Parliamentary Democracy

US PresidentJohn Kennedy

Presidential Democracy

Prime Minister Great Britain- Gordon Brown

Executive must have a Vote of ConfidenceFrom Parliament

US Congress

SeparatePowers

Great Britain Parliament

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Parliamentary Democracies around Parliamentary Democracies around the Worldthe World

Places in green have a head of state and head of government, like a presidential democracy, but the office is filled by parliament's choice and not elected

separately.

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Presidential Democracies of the Presidential Democracies of the WorldWorld

The Presidential democracies are BLUE