SQL Server Lab 3

8/8/2019 SQL Server Lab 3

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Adavnced Database Programming 1

MS SQL Server 2005MS SQL Server 2005

Lab # 3 : Practicing Queries


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1. Practicing Company Database Example

Create EmployeeEmployee Table:

FNAME:FNAME: First Name

LNAME:LNAME: Last Name

SSN:SSN: Social Security Number(Primary Key) BDATE:BDATE: Birth Date

ADDRESS:ADDRESS: Employees Address

Gender:Gender: F (Female) OR M (Male)

SALARYSALARY SUPERSSN:SUPERSSN: Employees SupervisorSSN

DNO:DNO: No.ofthe Department the Emp. Works in (Foreign(Foreign

Key)Key)


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Create DepartmentDepartmentTable:

DNAME:DNAME: Department Name

DNUMBER:DNUMBER: Department Number(Primary Key)

DLOCATION:DLOCATION: Department Location

MGRSSN:MGRSSN: ManagerSocial Security Number

(Foreign Key)(Foreign Key)

MGRSTARTDATE:MGRSTARTDATE: Manager Work Start Date


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Create ProjectProjectTable:

PNAME:PNAME: Project Name

PNUMBER:PNUMBER: Project Number(Primary Key)

PLOCATION:PLOCATION: Project Location

DNUM:DNUM: Department Number which Project

belongs to(Foreign Key)(Foreign Key)


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Create Works_ONWorks_ONTable:

ESSN:ESSN: Employee Social Security Number

(Primary Key) + (Foreign Key)(Foreign Key)

PNO:PNO: Project Number(Primary Key) + (Foreign(Foreign

Key)Key)

HOURS:HOURS: Project Working Hours


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2. Simple Queries

Basic SELECTForm:

USE

d

atabase_name

SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] Column_List

From table1[table2,.]

WHERE conditions


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2. Simple Queries

Basic SELECTForm:

Column_ListColumn_ListSpecifications:: * denotes for all columns ofall tables

specified in the FROM Clause

Specified Column name

Column_Name as Column_Heading To Replace

OR to assign a new column name to anexpression

An Expression, System or Aggregate Function


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all Departments info detailsA:A:

Use CompanySelect *

From department

OR

Use CompanySelect DNAME,DNUMBER,DLOCATION,MGRSSN,MGRSTARTDATE

From department


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all Employees Salary valuesA:A:

Use CompanySelect ALL Salary

From employee

Q:Q: View Distinct Employees Salary valuesA:A:

Use CompanySelect DISTINCT Salary

From employee


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2. Simple Queries

WHEREClause Form:

USE database_name

SELECT Column_List[ INTO New_table ]From table1[table2,.][ WHERE conditions ][ GROUP BY group_by_expression ][ HAVING search_conditions ][ ORDER BY order_expression[ASC|DESC] ]


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2. Simple Queries

Clauses must be written in order

Comparison ofstrings are executed according to the

collation (Sort) orderof the database

ASCCI code Strings Comparisons will be donecharacter-to-character according to the difference

between their values (Even if their lengths are

different)

Priorities: NOT AND OR

To avoid priorities conflicts, you may use parentheses

( )


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Notes to be Mentioned !

DISTINCT Clause Must precede all Columns

list

Dates are stored in the table according to the

system date format

Dates are viewed in the Query Result

according to the equivalent date in Gregorian

Calendar To view them in Hijri Format Use:

Select Convert(nchar(10),DateColumn,131)


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all Male employees SSN andDepartment number who works in Departments

located in RiyadhA:A:

Use CompanySelect SSN, DNumber

From Employee, Departmentwhere Gender=M AND Dno=DNumber

and DLocation=Riyadh


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN who doesnt work in

Departments number 43

A:A:

Use Company

Select SSN

From Employeewhere NOT DNumber=43


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN who doesnt work in

Departments number 43

A:A:

Use Company

Select SSN

From Employeewhere DNumber43


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN who works in

project Number 125 Or project number 326

A:A:

Use Company

Select ESSN

From Works_Onwhere PNO=125 OR PNO=326


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees total salaryA:A:

Use CompanySelect SUM(Salary) Total_Salary

From Employee

Same way to use all other aggregate functionssuch as: MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNT,COUNT_BIG


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2. Simple Queries

IN and BETWEEN Clauses :

USE database_name

SELECT Column_List


WHERE Column_Name IN(value1, value2,

value,)


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2. Simple Queries

IN and BETWEEN Clauses :

USE database_name

SELECT Column_List


WHERE Column_Name BETWEEN value1

AND value2


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees First & Last Name who

their Salary is 20000 or 18500 or 16000

A:A:

Use Company

Select FNAME, LNAME

From Employee

where Salary IN (20000,18500,16000)


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2. Simple Queries

Example : (Equivalent Solution)

Q:Q: View all employees First & Last Name whotheir Salary is 20000 or 18500 or 16000

A:A:

Use CompanySelect FNAME, LNAME

FromE

mployeewhere Salary=20000 OR Salary=18500OR Salary=16000


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees First & Last Name whotheir Salary is Not 20000 or 18500 or 16000

A:A:

Use CompanySelect FNAME, LNAME

FromE

mployeewhere Salary NOT IN (20000,18500,16000)


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN whose Salary is in

range between 4526 and4700

A:A:

Use Company

Select SSN

From Employee

where Salary BETWEEN 4526 AND 4700


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2. Simple Queries

Example : (Equivalent Solution)

Q:Q: View all employees SSN whose Salary is inrange between 4526 and4700

A:A:

Use CompanySelect SSN

FromE

mployeewhere Salary >= 4526 AND Salary


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2. Simple Queries

Example :

Q:Q: View all employees SSN whose BDate isNOT between 1/1/1960 and4/3/1968

A:A:


FromE

mployeewhere BDate NOT BETWEEN 1/1/1960AND 4/3/1968


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Queries Involving NULL values

Comparisons with NULL Values will always

return False

To RetrieveRetrieve rows with NULL values Use the

Column_Name IS [NOT]NULL

operator in the WHEREClause


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Example :

Q:Q: View all Managers First & Last Name

A:A:

Use Company

Select FNAME, LNAME

From Employee

where SUPERSSN IS NULL


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Example :

Q:Q: View all Employees SSN who are supervisedby Mangers

A:A:Use CompanySelect SSN

From Employeewhere SUPERSSN IS NOT NULL

[ Equivalent Sol. NOT ( SUPERSSN IS NULL)]


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UsingISNULL System Function :

SELECT ISNULL(ColumnName,

Substitution Value)NewColumnName

FROM TableName

NoteNote:

Substitution Value Must be same as columntype


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Example :

Q:Q: View all Employees First Name who aresupervisedby Mangers(View their SuperSSN as

0)A:A:

Use CompanySelect FNAME, ISNULL(SuperSSN,0)

Supervidesd

From Employee


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Like Operator

Compares column values with specified

pattern which can be any characteror

DateTime data type

Column [NOT] LIKE Pattern

Pattern may be string or date constant or

expression by using Wild Characters such as:

% any sequence ofzeroor more characters _ any single charcter


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Like Operator

Example :

Q:Q: View all Employees SSN who their First

Name starts with O

A:A:

Use Company

Select SSN

From Employee

where FName LIKE O%


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Like Operator

Example :

Q:Q: View all Employees SSN who their Last Name

second letter is a

A:A:

Use Company

Select SSN

From Employee

where LName LIKE _a%


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Like Operator:More Special Characters for

Searching Patterns [ ],^

Example :

[[RangeStart--RangeEnd]] Range ofCharacters

[[1stChar2ndChar..]] List ofCharacters

^^

Negation ofRange orList ofCharacters


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Example :

Q:Q: View alldepartment number who theirlocation begin with a character in the range C

through FA:A:

Use CompanySelect DNumber

From Departmentwhere DLocation LIKE [C-F]%


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Example :

Q:Q: View alldepartment number which their location do

NOT begin with the letters J,K,L,M,N,O andwhose

Department Name doesn't begin with letters E Or ZA:A:

Use Company

Select DNumber

From Departmentwhere DLocation LIKE [^J-O]% AND DName

LIKE [^EZ]%


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Like Operator

Example :

Q:Q: View all Employees SSN who their Last Namedoesnt endwith n

A:A:


FromE

mployeewhere FName NOT LIKE %n

(NOT FName LIKE %n)


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Like Operator

Example :

Q:Q: How can i search for a String contains one of

the Wildcharacters ( [],_, ^, %)

A:A:

By Using Square Brackets [WildChar] OROR

By Using ESCAPEoption Such as

Column_Name LIKE ESCAPECHARWildChar

ESCAPE ESCAPECHAR


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Example :

Q:Q: View alldepartment number who theirlocation includes an Underscore

A:A:

Use CompanySelect DNumber

From Departmentwhere DLocation LIKE %[ _ ]%

OR DLocation LIKE %!_% ESCAPE !

SQL Server Lab 3

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