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GarryWinogrand'LosAngeles,California'

1969

Gela8n-silverprint

Width31.7cmxheight21.7

LightingIsadiscussion,notalecturetheprinciplesofligh5ngaretools

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Principlesofligh/ng:Helpuspredicthowlightwillbehave

1. ThesizeoftheLightSource:controlswhattypesofshadowsareproducedandmayaffectthetypeofreflec8onsproducedbythesubject/s

2. ThreeTypesofreflec/onsarepossiblefromanysurface.Theydeterminewhyanysurfacelooksthewayitdoes(direct,diffusedorglare)

3. Someofthesereflec8onsoccuronlyiflightstrikesthesurfacefromwithinalimitedfamilyofangles.Aerwedecidewhattypeofreflec8onisimportant,

thefamilyofanglesdetermineswherethelightshouldorshouldnotbe.

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Whyaretheseimportant?

1. Theydontchange2. Styleschange-agoodphotographerwhoknowshowtoworkwithlight

canreverseengineeranyligh8ngsitua8onandrecreateitherself/himself.

Understandingtheprinciplesenablesustodecidewhatlightsweneedandwhere

Beforewebegintoplacethem..

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HowphotographersDescribeLIGHT

Brightnessmostimportantqualityoflight

Colorwhitelight

Contrasthighandlow

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DIRECTLIGHT

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Direc/onalDiffusedlightintermediateincontrast

partlydirectandpartlydiffused

Shadowsarepresent,butaresoerandnotasdarkasthosecastbydirectlight

Overcast/hazydaysareagoodsourceofdiffusedlightoutsideorashadyarea

Indoors,askylightorotherlargewindowcangivethistypeoflightifthesunisnotdirectlyshiningonthesubject.

Lightfromaflashorfloodlampcanbediffused/direc8onalifitissoenedbya

ligh8ngmodifierlikeadiffuserscreenorumbrella

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MaxErnst,NewYork,NY,1942

DiffusedDirec/onal

Light

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Exis/ngLight

Usingwhatisavailable

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TheMainLight-thebrightestlight

placingamainlightindifferentposi8onswillgiveyoudifferentligh8ngresults.

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FillLighttolightenshadows

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PhotoflexLiteDomeXS;Lastolite8-in-1Umbrellashoot-through

withmask;PhotogenicEclipsewithpeel-backlayer

LightModifiers

Lightmodifierseitherreflectordiffusethelightsource,some8mesthemainlight,some8mesavailablelight

WhiteSheets,emergencyblanketsandothertoolsworktoo!

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Reflectorsforfilllight

alargewhiteclothorlargewhitecardcanlightenshadowsinbacklitorside-lit

portraitsbyreflec8ngontotheshadedsideofthesubjectsomeoftheillumina8on

fromthemainlight.

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ligh/ng

TheFamilyOfAngles

Lightreflec8ngoffofawhitecardevenlyreflectsinalldirec8onsdiffusingthelight

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DirectReflec/on

Directreflec5onsareamirrorimageofthe

lightsourcethatproducesthem.Theyare

alsocalledspecularreflec5ons.Figure4issimilartoFigure1,butthis8mewehave

replacedthewhitecardwithasmall

mirror.Boththelightsourceandthe

observersareinthesameposi8onsas

theywereearlier.

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MasterTheFamilyOfAnglesThisfundamentalaspectofligh5ngwillhelp

youfigureouthowtolightanything,

anywhere,any5me

TextAndPhotographyByFilHunter,Steven

BiverAndPaulFuqua

Ligh8ngdiagramsandcap8onsexcerptedfrom:

DigitalPhotoPro,Tuesday,April26,2011

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PabloPicasso,Vallauris,France,1954

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AnselAdams,1975

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JacksonPollock,Long

Island,NY,1949