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GarryWinogrand'LosAngeles,California'
1969
Gela8n-silverprint
Width31.7cmxheight21.7
LightingIsadiscussion,notalecturetheprinciplesofligh5ngaretools
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Principlesofligh/ng:Helpuspredicthowlightwillbehave
1. ThesizeoftheLightSource:controlswhattypesofshadowsareproducedandmayaffectthetypeofreflec8onsproducedbythesubject/s
2. ThreeTypesofreflec/onsarepossiblefromanysurface.Theydeterminewhyanysurfacelooksthewayitdoes(direct,diffusedorglare)
3. Someofthesereflec8onsoccuronlyiflightstrikesthesurfacefromwithinalimitedfamilyofangles.Aerwedecidewhattypeofreflec8onisimportant,
thefamilyofanglesdetermineswherethelightshouldorshouldnotbe.
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Whyaretheseimportant?
1. Theydontchange2. Styleschange-agoodphotographerwhoknowshowtoworkwithlight
canreverseengineeranyligh8ngsitua8onandrecreateitherself/himself.
Understandingtheprinciplesenablesustodecidewhatlightsweneedandwhere
Beforewebegintoplacethem..
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HowphotographersDescribeLIGHT
Brightnessmostimportantqualityoflight
Colorwhitelight
Contrasthighandlow
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DIRECTLIGHT
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Direc/onalDiffusedlightintermediateincontrast
partlydirectandpartlydiffused
Shadowsarepresent,butaresoerandnotasdarkasthosecastbydirectlight
Overcast/hazydaysareagoodsourceofdiffusedlightoutsideorashadyarea
Indoors,askylightorotherlargewindowcangivethistypeoflightifthesunisnotdirectlyshiningonthesubject.
Lightfromaflashorfloodlampcanbediffused/direc8onalifitissoenedbya
ligh8ngmodifierlikeadiffuserscreenorumbrella
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MaxErnst,NewYork,NY,1942
DiffusedDirec/onal
Light
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Exis/ngLight
Usingwhatisavailable
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TheMainLight-thebrightestlight
placingamainlightindifferentposi8onswillgiveyoudifferentligh8ngresults.
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FillLighttolightenshadows
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PhotoflexLiteDomeXS;Lastolite8-in-1Umbrellashoot-through
withmask;PhotogenicEclipsewithpeel-backlayer
LightModifiers
Lightmodifierseitherreflectordiffusethelightsource,some8mesthemainlight,some8mesavailablelight
WhiteSheets,emergencyblanketsandothertoolsworktoo!
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Reflectorsforfilllight
alargewhiteclothorlargewhitecardcanlightenshadowsinbacklitorside-lit
portraitsbyreflec8ngontotheshadedsideofthesubjectsomeoftheillumina8on
fromthemainlight.
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ligh/ng
TheFamilyOfAngles
Lightreflec8ngoffofawhitecardevenlyreflectsinalldirec8onsdiffusingthelight
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DirectReflec/on
Directreflec5onsareamirrorimageofthe
lightsourcethatproducesthem.Theyare
alsocalledspecularreflec5ons.Figure4issimilartoFigure1,butthis8mewehave
replacedthewhitecardwithasmall
mirror.Boththelightsourceandthe
observersareinthesameposi8onsas
theywereearlier.
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MasterTheFamilyOfAnglesThisfundamentalaspectofligh5ngwillhelp
youfigureouthowtolightanything,
anywhere,any5me
TextAndPhotographyByFilHunter,Steven
BiverAndPaulFuqua
Ligh8ngdiagramsandcap8onsexcerptedfrom:
DigitalPhotoPro,Tuesday,April26,2011
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PabloPicasso,Vallauris,France,1954
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AnselAdams,1975
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JacksonPollock,Long
Island,NY,1949
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