Smart Dust(Tiny sensors)- The Little Wonder

"Smart dust" devices are tiny wireless microelectromechanical sensors (MEMS) that can detect everything from light to vibrations.

Nodes in Smart Dust are called Motes.

These "motes" contain sensors, computing circuits, bidirectional wireless communications technology and a power supply integrated on a tiny dust size-device.

For the next disruptive technology: think dust. No, not small grains of sand, soot or dirt but similarly sized particles that have a brain.

Transmits information like temperature, humidity, light ,vibrations, surface pressures, etc.

Smart sensors relay signals back to a command computer.

The motes' hardware platform uses Processor(MPR). These are battery-powered devices where MTS (sensors) and MDA (data card sensors) work directly with the Mote Processor.

Smart Dust is a network of motes, identical or similar tiny computers consisting of four miniaturized components: Ambient sensor Wireless TransmitterCPU Power Source

Digital circuitryMEMS technologyRF-Wireless Communication

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate.

While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) the micro mechanical components are fabricated using compatible micromachining processes.

A wireless communication system is required for sending and receiving data with data transfer rate of 1 Kbps. The devices for communication are subjected to size and power constraints. It must support bi-directional communication between a central transceiver and up to 1000 dust motes.

ActiveHigh power laser sourceTransmission of modulated laser beam

PassiveMEMS Corner Cube ReflectorEmit modulated ambient lightExtremely low power

Accelerometer containing Smart Dust MEMS microphones in portable devices Monitor speed and Volume of traffic to avoid recurring traffic jams. Also used in modern cars for a large number of purposes including airbag deployment in collisions.

The motes used for defense purpose of consists of magnetometer, a vibration sensor and a GPS receiver. Spread on the battlefield by moving vehicles or soldiers with modified binoculars. Also used to monitor critical parts of aircrafts and other war vehicles.

Enter human bodies and check for physiological problems. Relay information about cancerous cells.Doctors will be able to monitor health status and curing situations of patients through smart dust.Surgery will be more and more efficient and reliable as it will provide an extra arm for surgeons in their daily duties. Biomedical application Artificial Retina.

In Environment Conservation. Detect hazardous chemical and biological agents. Monitoring nature of animals. Measuring Temperature , humidity, etc.

Relative high power consumption. Hence can be used only for a short duration of time. Components like active beam-steering mechanism makes the design of the dust mote more complicated. It is difficult to fit all the components in a small Smart dust both in terms of Size and Energy.With devices so small, batteries used present a massive addition of weight into it.

Smart dust is receiving huge investment around the world and it could be used to create a safer and more efficient food and agriculture system.

Smart Dusts development, use, and employment in the future, further research is necessary, specifically in the areas of intelligence analysis and dependence.

Social aspects- it can help in saving a lot of loss of power in light and climatic control of building.

Large Scale Processing & Distribution. To bring multi-hop network topology. Data Fusion. Autonomous NetworkConfiguration. Researches on reducingthe size and weight of thelatest generation motes. Trying to make it so light that it flows on with the direction of air.

Many ongoing researchers on the Smart Dust Project are working on to make the size of the present latest generation mote as small as possible and to make it available at a low price.

And then soon we will see Smart Dust being used in various application of lifeLeading the present world to aSmarter World.

***Porous Silicon is etched by electrochemical Machining Process, which are used as concentrators what is analyzed. The Silicon is chemically modified into a sensor Reflective & chemically modified mirrors are nano-structured into sensor to reflect a certain color when target is identified.Sensors are oxidized making it hydrophobic Sensors are broken into SMART DUST!!!

*Motes can also be categorised based on how they work:(A) Data collection Wake up shortly to collect and transmit sensor data Remain in sleep phase the rest of the time(B) Event detection Monitoring their surroundings for random and ephemeral events all thetime Wake up/Sleep procedure not applicable Motes can be shut down only partially while monitoring for events

*Monitor speed and Volume of traffic

to avoid recurring trafficjamsu change the heading from IT sector to:- Commercial Application in IT Sector Inkjet printers, which use piezoelectrics or thermal bubble ejection to deposit ink on paper. Accelerometers in modern cars for a large number of purposes including airbag deployment in collisions. MEMS microphones in portable devices, e.g., mobile phones, head sets and laptops. Optical switching technology, which is used for switching technology and alignment for data communications Fluid acceleration such as for micro-cooling.

*Relay information about cancerous cellsEnter human bodies and check for physiological problems*->To detect earthquakes, forest fires, etc.

->Used in street lights, etc to conserve Energy->Also to keep the check on the carbon dioxide emission.->Also help in building energy efficient buildings.

*It is difficult to fit all these devices in a small Smart Dust both size wise and Energy wise.

With devices so small, batteries present a massive addition of weight.

Relatively high power consumption .Thus can be used only for a short duration burst-mode communication.Components like active beam-steering mechanism makes the design of the dust mote more complicated.

**Design of multi hop networkAutonomous network configurationData FusionNetwork Decision makingLarge Scale Distribu

The missions considered in this project involve autonomous sensors that might be deployed from a helicopter over a battlefield or from a space probe over a planetary surface. Once deployed, the sensor network must operate autonomously using an ad-hoc wireless infrastructure as sensors are deployed or destroyed or the network is damaged or compromised and then repaired. Appropriate algorithms and protocols must be developed to facilitate automatic, quasi-optimal configuration of sensor applications in response to network damage and repair and without requiring external management intervention.ted Processing*There are many ongoing researches on Smart Dust, the main purpose will to make mote as small as possible and to make it available at a low price.

Soon we will see smart dust being used in varied application from all spans of life!

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