Skeletal System

Skeleton SystemThe skeletal system is broken into 2

categoriesAxial

SkullRibsSternumVertebral column

AppendicularUpper extremityLower extremity

SkullMade up 0f 22 bones8 bones fused together make the

craniumFrontalParietalTemporalOccipital

14 bones make up the faceMandibleMaxillaZygomaticNasal bones

Only joint that moves in the skull is the temporomandibular jointmandible forms a hinge with

temporal bone

RibsPurpose of the ribs are to protect the heart and lungsThere are 12 pairs of ribs

1-7: True ribs8-12: False ribs11-12: Floating ribs

SternumAlso called the “breastbone”Sometimes used as a painful stimulus3 parts

Manubrium Articulates with clavicle

Body Articulates with ribs 2-7

Xiphoid process Attachment for rectus abdominis Also a landmark for CPR

Vertebral ColumnSpinal Column or vertebral column stretches

from the base of skull to coccyxComposed of bones called vertebrae

Intervertebral disks separate body of each vertebrae

Vertebrae has ligaments in front and back to help keep column together

Each vertebrae has 3 partsBody Spinous ProcessVertebral foramen

Holds spinal cord

Sections of the Vertebral ColumnThere are 5 sections to the vertebral column

7 Cervical vertebrae Smallest vertebra

12 Thoracic vertebrae Articulate with the ribs

5 Lumbar vertebrae Supports most of the body’s weight

Sacrum Composed of 5 fused vertebrae

Coccyx Composed 4 fused bones Also called the “tail bone”

Shoulder GirdleConsists of 2 bones

Scapula Also called the shoulder blade Free floating bone between ribs 2 & 7 posteriorly

Clavicle Also called the collar bone Attaches to axial skeleton

ArmHumerus

Long bone located in the upper arm

Forearm (2 bones)Radius

Lateral long bone in the forearm

Ulna Medial long bone in

the forearm

Hand There are 27 bones that make

up the handCarpals

8 small bones that make up the wrist

Metacarpals 5 long bones that make up the

palm Named according to their

position in the hand Ex. 1st metacarpal is thumb, 5th

is little fingerPhalanges

14 bones that make up the fingers

Also called digits Each finger has 3 bones Each thumb has 2

Pelvic GirdleConsists of 3 bones

Attaches lower limb to axial skeleton

Transmits weight of upper body to lower limb

Supports pelvic bones3 main bones

Ilium Largest part of pelvic girdle

Ischium Located posteriorly Called “sit bones”

Pubis Located anteriorly Come together to form

pelvis

LegConsists of 4 bones

Femur Longest and strongest bone in

the body Built for stability, not flexibility

Patella Also called knee cap

Tibia Long bone on the medial

aspect of leg 90% weight bearing

Fibula Long bone on the lateral

aspect of leg 10% weight bearing

FootConsists of 26 bones

Tarsals 7 bones that make up

the ankleMetatarsals

5 long bones of the foot Name according to

their position in the footPhalanges

14 bones that make up phalanges

Each toe contains 3 Each toe contains 2