BONES OF UPPER BONES OF UPPER EXTREMITYEXTREMITY

SternumSternum

Manubrium:Manubrium:Sternal (jugular) notchSternal (jugular) notch

Clavicular and costal facetsClavicular and costal facets

Sternal angle (of Louis):Sternal angle (of Louis):Marks location of second ribs.Marks location of second ribs.

Body of sternum:Body of sternum:Sternebrae Sternebrae

Xiphoid processXiphoid process

Clavicle: ShapeClavicle: Shape

SigmoidSigmoidConvex anteriorlyConvex anteriorlyConcave posteriorlyConcave posteriorly

Clavicle: Ligament AttachmentsClavicle: Ligament Attachments

Sternal end of clavicle to first costal Sternal end of clavicle to first costal cartilage:cartilage:

Costoclavicular ligamentCostoclavicular ligamentConoid tubercle:Conoid tubercle:

Conoid portion of coracoclavicular Conoid portion of coracoclavicular ligamentligament

Trapezoid line:Trapezoid line:Trapezoid portion of coracoclavicular Trapezoid portion of coracoclavicular

ligamentligament

Clavicle: Muscle AttachmentsClavicle: Muscle Attachments

Deltoid Deltoid Pectoralis majorPectoralis majorTrapezius Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Sternocleidomastoid SubclaviusSubclavius

ScapulaScapula

Crosses ribs 2 through 7 in anatomical Crosses ribs 2 through 7 in anatomical position.position.

Scapula: Posterior SurfaceScapula: Posterior Surface

Scapular spineScapular spineSupraspinous fossaSupraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossaInfraspinous fossaSpinoglenoid notchSpinoglenoid notchMedial (vertebral border)Medial (vertebral border)Superior angleSuperior angle Inferior angleInferior angle

Scapula: Anterior SurfaceScapula: Anterior Surface

Subscapular fossaSubscapular fossaScapular (suprascapular) notchScapular (suprascapular) notch

Scapula: Coracoid ProcessScapula: Coracoid Process

Muscle attachments:Muscle attachments:Biceps brachii brevisBiceps brachii brevis

CoracobrachialisCoracobrachialis

Pectoralis minorPectoralis minor

Scapular ProcessesScapular Processes

Acromion processAcromion processGlenoid process:Glenoid process:

Articulation with head of humerus.Articulation with head of humerus.

Supraglenoid tubercle:Supraglenoid tubercle:Biceps brachii longus tendonBiceps brachii longus tendon

Infraglenoid tubercle:Infraglenoid tubercle:Triceps longusTriceps longus

HumerusHumerus

Anatomical neckAnatomical neckSurgical neckSurgical neckHead Head Medial supracondylar ridge (crest)Medial supracondylar ridge (crest)Lateral supracondylar ridge (crest)Lateral supracondylar ridge (crest)Medial epicondyleMedial epicondyleLateral epicondyleLateral epicondyleDeltoid tuberosityDeltoid tuberosity

Humerus: Anterior SurfaceHumerus: Anterior Surface

Greater tubercle (tuberosity):Greater tubercle (tuberosity):Superior facet (for supraspinatus muscle)Superior facet (for supraspinatus muscle)

Middle facet (for infraspinatus muscle)Middle facet (for infraspinatus muscle)

Inferior facet (for teres minor muscle)Inferior facet (for teres minor muscle)

Lesser tubercle (tuberosity):Lesser tubercle (tuberosity):For subscapularis muscleFor subscapularis muscle

Intertubercular groove:Intertubercular groove:For latissimus dorsi muscleFor latissimus dorsi muscle

Humerus: Anterior SurfaceHumerus: Anterior Surface

Crest of greater tubercle (lateral lip):Crest of greater tubercle (lateral lip):For pectoralis major muscleFor pectoralis major muscle

Crest of lesser tubercle (medial lip):Crest of lesser tubercle (medial lip):For teres major muscleFor teres major muscle

Radial fossaRadial fossaCoronoid fossaCoronoid fossaCapitulum Capitulum Trochlea Trochlea

Humerus: Posterior SurfaceHumerus: Posterior Surface

Spiral (radial) groove:Spiral (radial) groove:For radial nerve and deep brachial arteryFor radial nerve and deep brachial artery

Origin of lateral triceps superior to grooveOrigin of lateral triceps superior to groove

Origin of medial triceps inferior to grooveOrigin of medial triceps inferior to groove

Olecranon fossaOlecranon fossa

RadiusRadius

HeadHeadArticulates with capitulum of humerusArticulates with capitulum of humerus

Fovea Fovea

NeckNeckJust distal to headJust distal to head

Styloid processStyloid processDistal, lateral processDistal, lateral process

Articular surface for scaphoid boneArticular surface for scaphoid bone Articular surface for lunate boneArticular surface for lunate bone

RadiusRadius

Ulnar notchUlnar notchAt distal end of radius on medial sideAt distal end of radius on medial side

Interosseous marginInterosseous marginOn medial sideOn medial side

For attachment of interosseous membraneFor attachment of interosseous membrane

Anterior marginAnterior marginRadial tuberosity (bicipital tuberosity)Radial tuberosity (bicipital tuberosity)

Insertion for biceps brachii muscleInsertion for biceps brachii muscle

RadiusRadius

Posterior marginPosterior marginDorsal tubercleDorsal tubercle

Groove to extensor pollicis longus is Groove to extensor pollicis longus is lateral.lateral.

Groove for extensor carpi radialis longus Groove for extensor carpi radialis longus and and brevis is medial.brevis is medial.

Groove for extensor digitorum and indicis Groove for extensor digitorum and indicis musclesmuscles

UlnaUlna

Interosseous marginInterosseous marginHead (distal)Head (distal)Styloid processStyloid process

Distal, medialDistal, medialRadial notchRadial notch

At proximal endAt proximal end

UlnaUlna

Trochlear notch:Trochlear notch:Articulates with trochlea of humerusArticulates with trochlea of humerus

Coronoid processCoronoid processTuberosity Tuberosity Anterior borderAnterior border

UlnaUlna

Supinator fossaSupinator fossaSupinator crestSupinator crestPosterior borderPosterior borderOlecranon process:Olecranon process:

For insertion of tricepsFor insertion of triceps

CarpusCarpus

Proximal row of bones (radial to ulnar):Proximal row of bones (radial to ulnar):Scaphoid:Scaphoid:

Tubercle of scaphoidTubercle of scaphoid

LunateLunate

TriquetralTriquetral

Pisiform:Pisiform:Sesamoid bone in tendon of flexor carpi Sesamoid bone in tendon of flexor carpi ulnarisulnaris

CarpusCarpus

Distal row of bones (radial to ulnar):Distal row of bones (radial to ulnar):Trapezium Trapezium

Trapezoid Trapezoid

Capitate Capitate

Hamate:Hamate:Hook of hamate (hamulus)Hook of hamate (hamulus)

Carpometacarpal joint (CMC)Carpometacarpal joint (CMC)

Metacarpals Metacarpals

CarpusCarpus

Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)Phalanges Phalanges

Proximal:Proximal:Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)

Middle:Middle:Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

Distal:Distal: