Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota
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Transcript of Shinoda - Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Minnesota
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Measuring the Public Health Impacts of Air Pollu8on in Minnesota
Naomi Shinoda Minnesota Department of Health Chronic Disease and Environmental Epidemiology Environmental Public Health Tracking and Biomonitoring
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Fine par)cle pollu)on: PM2.5
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PM2.5 pyramid of health effects
Death
Hospital admissions
Emergency room visits
Doctor visits
Asthma aBacks, medica)on use, symptoms
Lung func)on changes, immune cell responses, heart rate variability
responses
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Air pollu)on epidemiology studies
¥ Health impacts are measurable
¥ Large body of evidence – PM2.5
¥ Respiratory and cardiovascular effects
¥ Effects observed even at low concentra)ons
¥ Long-‐term effects à increased risk
¥ Short-‐term effects à triggering/exacerba)ons
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Air pollu)on affects en)re popula)ons
¥ Suscep)ble popula)on is growing
¥ Aging popula)on
¥ Increasing obesity, diabetes rates
¥ Effects observed in children
¥ Lung development
¥ Asthma exacerba)ons
¥ Even very small increases associated with disease and death
2004
2009
Obesity in MN
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Source: MN Pollu)on Control Agency
AQI: Number of unhealthy air days in MN
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Popula)ons “at risk”: es)mated numbers
Duluth MN-‐WI es8mates Total popula)on 235,600 Children under 18 47,900 Adults 65+ 37,100 Pediatric asthma 3,300 Adult asthma 14,000 Chronic bronchi)s 8,300 Emphysema 3,900 Cardiovascular 65,400 Diabetes 13,600
Source: ALA State of the Air 2012
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Improving air, preven)ng deaths
¥ BenMAP modeled predic)ons
¥ Air quality improvement scenarios
¥ Es)mated number of prevented deaths
¥ Scenario: 10% reduc)on in PM2.5 concentra)ons
5
4
78 (MSP metro)
MN (2006)
Source: CDC Environmental Public Health Tracking
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Air pollu)on and health research in MN
¥ Method development project using local data ¥ Develop methods for local area analyses
¥ Track health effects associated with changes in air quality ¥ PM2.5 concentra)ons ¥ Hospitaliza)ons and deaths (respiratory, cardiovascular)
¥ 2003-‐2009 data ¥ MSP metro and Olmsted County
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Air pollu)on and health research in MN
Hospitaliza8ons Amount aOributable to PM2.5 in 2003-‐2009 Percent # hosp. per year
Total respiratory 1.9% 224
COPD + asthma 2.3% 110 Asthma 2.3% 54
¥ Associa)ons found in the MSP metro for PM2.5 and respiratory hospitaliza)ons
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MN air pollu)on reduc)on ini)a)ves
¥ Minnesota Emissions Reduc)on Project (MERP)
¥ Diesel retrofits ¥ School buses; heavy duty public vehicles ¥ Project Green Fleet
¥ Other local ini)a)ves ¥ An)-‐idling ordinances ¥ Go Greener Ini)a)ve (Met Council)
¥ Na)onal ini)a)ves ¥ Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Rule ¥ Heavy Duty Diesel Regula)ons ¥ Transport Rule
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Source: MN Pollu)on Control Agency
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MN air pollu)on health impacts over )me
Hospitaliza8ons Time period Amount aOributable to PM2.5
Percent # hosp./yr
Total respiratory 2003-‐2005 2006-‐2007 2008-‐2009
3.0% 2.6% -‐-‐
354 309 -‐-‐
COPD + asthma 2003-‐2005 2006-‐2007 2008-‐2009
3.3% 2.9% -‐-‐
154 140 -‐-‐
Asthma 2003-‐2005 2006-‐2007 2008-‐2009
3.8% -‐-‐ -‐-‐
92 -‐-‐ -‐-‐
¥ MSP metro: decline in resp. hosp. aBributable to PM2.5
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Summary
¥ Air pollu)on affects health even at low levels
¥ Air pollu)on affects en)re popula)ons
¥ A growing number of Minnesotans more suscep)ble to air quality impacts
BUT…
¥ MN has been making improvements in air quality
¥ Con)nued efforts will lead to a healthier MN
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Project Team MN Pollu8on Control Agency
Greg PraO
Kari Palmer
Margaret McCourtney
Cassie McMahon
Lisa Herschberger
Olmsted Medical Center
Barbara Yawn
Peter Wollan
Measuring the Impact of Fine Par)cles: hBp://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hpcd/cdee/airquality.html
MN Dept. of Health
Jean Johnson
Chuck Stroebel
Allan Williams
Naomi Shinoda
Wendy Brunner
Paula Lindgren