Sharing perspectives on a Post-Hyogo Framework- A collective discussion

A reality check…

• In the last 20 years, natural disasters have affected 64% of the world’s population (UNISDR)

• 95% of people killed by disasters are from Developing Countries (IPCC)

• Economic losses relative to national economies are highest in Developing Countries (UNISDR)

• 43% of the global population live on or below US$2 per day (World Bank)

• One billion plus people live in urban poverty (World Bank)

• 30-60% of urban populations in cities across Africa and Asia live in informal settlements.

• 1 in 4 people on the planet live in areas of fragility and insecurity (World Bank)

….and this isn’t the full picture

For the majority of people most-affected by disasters the local reality is one of:

– Poverty– Informality– Fragility (characterised by conflict and insecurity)– Complex, multiple inter-related risks (natural and human

derived)– Small scale recurrent disasters (weather-related)– Fast-changing, uncertain, unpredictable

A frontline perspective is:

• In many low-income countries state institutions are weak, dysfunctional or absent

• Implementation Gap: Public DRR Policy – Local Practice

• Poor people assume PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES for risk reduction

• Post-Hyogo Framework must adequately represent local realities

• The starting point is to understand how communities strengthen their own resilience to multiple shocks and stresses

• Community resilience is the foundation of national resilience

Community-driven approaches to strengthening resilience: The Pari People in South Sudan

Frequent heat waves

Epidemics.

Insect Infestations

Conflict & Insecurity

Local Storms

Floods

Droughts

Community approaches that strengthen resilience to extreme shocks

Approaches1. Holistic2. Flexible3. Build on existing capacities4. Locally owned5. Responsive to change6. Iterative, incremental (learning by doing)

Actions designed to protect and enhance lives and livelihoods

“Stand alone” actions have high opportunity costs

ResultsABSORPTION CAPABILITIES (Bounce-back-ability)• Ability to anticipate and prepare for

potential shocks• Ability to respond and recover from the

impact of shocks

ADAPTIVE CAPABILITIES (Bounce-forward-ability)• Ability to adjust and adapt to changing

circumstances

Community-driven approaches to strengthening resilience

Principle

Responsiveness

Connectivity

Learning

Self-Organisation

Diversity

Social Cohesion

Boundaries & Thresholds

Community-driven approaches to strengthening resilienceExamples of Indicators of Community Resilience Principles

Principle Indicators

Responsiveness • Early warning systems• Local coping mechanisms / Buffers

Connectivity • Collaboration , Partnerships • Good relationships / trading with neighbours

Learning • Sharing of information• Indigenous knowledge

Self-Organisation • Local governance arrangements• Local leadership

Diversity • Alternative Livelihoods / Coping Mechanisms• Flexibility

Social Cohesion • Inclusive, Participation, Reciprocity• Shared beliefs, values, governance arrangements• Conflict resolution

Boundaries & Thresholds

• User rights and entitlements• Social and physical boundaries

Scaling up from Community Resilience to National Resilience…..

Perspectives on post-Hyogo Framework

Adopting Community Resilience at a Strategic Level - “Best Fit” Approach

Strong State Capacities Fragile States

Non StatesCapacities

Strategic emphasis changes as context changes

AfghanistanSomalia HaitiSudan

Resilient States

Japan

SwitzerlandUSA

Majority of people most-affected by disasters live in countries where local state institutional capacities are weak

Implications for a post-Hyogo Framework for the majority of the world’s people most-affected by disasters

• Broaden scope to a multi-risk framework (natural and human-derived)

• People-centred; Focused on the everyday local realities for affected population

• Based on principles of community resilience

• Strategic emphasis proportional to the degree of need - prioritise most-affected populations and vulnerable groups

• Accountability and transparency