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Maryoko HadiResearch Center for Human SettlementsResearch and Development AgencyMinistry of Public Works

Case Study of Indonesia on Research and Development

Background

• During the last three years, earthquakes disasters created tremendous damages and losses.

• Many residential building designs which are accepted as earthquake resistance have no classification and certification

• Many earthquake resistance residential buildings have been designed not according to local tradition an environmental needs

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Nabire November 2004

Background

Nias March 2005

During the last three years, earthquakes disasters created tremendous damages and losses

Aceh December 2004

Background

Yogyakarta May 2006

Pangandaran July 2006

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Damage of Reinforce Concrete Houses

Basic Detail Mistaken

Beam-Column Joint Reinforcement

Low quality concrete and unsufficient reinforcement

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Damage of Wooden Houses

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The World Tectonic Map

INDONESIA

Indonesia’s Tectonic Map

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Seismicity of Indonesia, 1990-2000

Destructible Earthquake in Indonesia, 1800 - 2004

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Indonesia’s EQ Risk Map

Indonesian Traditional Houses

North Sumatera (Batak) (1975)West Java (Sukabumi) (1978)

West Lampung (Liwa) (1994)Banda Aceh (2006)

Some Examples of Indigenous Buildings in Indonesia“The Fading Architecture”

Courtesy of Teddy Boen

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• An alternative strategy for stabilizing the lower part of a post and beam building is to anchor the posts in a crossed-log foundation.

• This was common in Sulawesi and North Sumatera.

• Another method is to add diagonal struts or braces as applied in Nias.

• The massive foundation posts of the house are braced by equally massive diagonal struts.

• The latter are probably an adaptive response to earthquake stresses in the region of constant seismic activity.

Courtesy of Bambang Subiyanto

Roof Formation

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Indonesian Modern Houses

Aceh (2006) Aceh (2006)

Yogyakarta (2006) Yogyakarta (2006)

Earthquake Resistant Houses after disaster

Precast Concrete RISHA

Conventional RC Frame-Masonry

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Earthquake Resistant Houses after disaster

Steel Frame House

Plastic House

Earthquake Resistant House After disaster

Wooden Houses

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Earthquake Resistant House After disaster

Wooden Houses

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Organization ChartMINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS

MINISTRY

CONSTRUCTION, INVESTMENT AND

HRD AGENCY

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

AGENCYSECRETARY

GENERALINSPECTORATE

GENERAL

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF

SPATIAL PLANNING

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF

REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF

HOUSING AND SETTLEMENT

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF

WATER RESOURCES

STAFF EXPERTS

FUNCTION OCCUPATION

GROUP

Research Institute for Human Settlements (RIHS)

164 325 7

1. Main Building2. Building Material Laboratory3. Environmental Laboratory

4. Fire Testing Laboratory5. Building Structure Laboratory6. Workshop7. Utility Building

F A C I L I T I E SF A C I L I T I E S

CAMPUS

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Building Research Institute (BRI).(LPMB)

1953 – 1975

Directorate of Building Research (DBR) under the Directorate General of Human Settlements of the Ministry of Public Works (MOPW).

1975 – 1984

Research Institute for Human Settlements (RIHS) under the Agency for Research and Development, Ministry of Public Works

1984 – 1999

Research Institute for Human Settlements Technology (RIHST) under the Agency for Research and Development, Ministry of Settlements and Regional Development (MOSRD).

1999 – 2000

Research Institute for Human Settlements in short (RIHS) , Agency for Research and Development of the Ministry of Settlements and Regional Infrastructures (MOSRI) – Ministry of Public Works (MOPW)

2000 – 2001-2005

Research Institute for Human Settlements (RIHS)History

Research Institute for Human Settlements, (RIHS)

DIRECTOR OF RIHS

DIVISION OF PLANNING & PROGRAMMING

DIVISION OF DISSEMINATION

BUILDING STRUCTURE & CONSTRUCTION

LABORATORY

BUILDING & SPATIAL PLANNING

LABORATORYBULIDING SCIENCE

LABORATORY

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

LABORATORY

BUILDING MATERIALS

LABORATORY

DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATION

REGIONAL SUB LABORATORYMEDAN CILACAP SEMARANG YOGYAKARTA MAKASSARDENPASAR

GROUP OF RESEARCHERS

Organization Chart

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To implement a part of Agency for R & D task in the field of Human Settlements and building construction according to the policy of Director General Agency for R & D

1. Programming R & D and standardization in the field of human settlements;2. Implementing of R & D and standardization activities in the field of human

settlements3. Evaluating and analyzing the utilization of R & D products and standards;4. Coordinating of dissemination and socialization of R & D products and

standards;5. Developing corporation of R & D management in the field of human

settlements;6. Implementing testing and preparation of technical advice on building

materials, formulation of building structure, building science, clean water, waste water, solid waste, drainage and sanitation;

7. Implementing of administrative service and general affairs within the RIHS.

MAIN TASKMAIN TASK

FUNCTION

Research Institute for Human Settlements, (RIHS)

EXAMPLES OF PRODUCT Technology Developed by RIHS

Very simple house model using low cost materials

Interlock Block System technology

Fiber Concrete Panel House model (ARCON type)

Transmigration house model using prefabricated timber technology

Maissonet two store house model using ceramic hollow block

LOW-COST HOUSINGDEVELOPMENTS SUPPORTED BY LOW COST MATERIALS AND HABITS AND APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGYBamboo mat houses developed

by community based system

Middle Story Low Cost Housing using concrete panel pre-cast

Middle story Low Cost Housing applying hollow block concrete technology (Semarang)

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EXAMPLES…… . .

PILOT PLAN FOR PRODUCTION UNIT DEVELOPMENT FOR BUILDING AND HOUSING COMPONENTS

Manual system model for producing hollow block

Machinery system model for producing building panel

Example of product

Machinery system model for producing hollow block

Setting equipment

Various Types of Roofing Tile ►

Application of Prefabricated Timber as A Model House in the

Transmigration Areas ►

THE TECHNOLOGY OF BUILDING COMPONENTS BASED ON CLAY AND TREATED SOIL

THE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF FAST GROWING SPECIES OF WOOD FOR BUILDING COMPONENTS;

EXAMPLES…… . .

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Various Blockfrom Hybrid Coconut

Waste ►▲ Various Types of

Paving Block

THE UTILIZATION OF BAMBOOS AND OTHER NON-WOOD PLANTS FOR BUILDING COMPONENTS

THE EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF CONCRETE AND THE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF CONCRETE FOR BUILDING COMPONENTS;

EXAMPLES…… . .

Reseach and Development on Anti-Seismic Building

• Metoda dalam pembuatan peta mikrozonasi resiko gempa

• Rumah sederhana tahan gempa (Struktur beton, kayu)

• Rumah sederhana pracetak tahan gempa (RISHA)

• Sistem beton pracetak tahan gempa untuk rumah susun sampai 10 lantai

• Sistem panel beton pracetak tahan gempa untuk rumah susunsampai 5 lantai

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IntroductionIntroduction

RCHSARDMPW

Indonesian lifestyle for instant

Fast to constructLow Cost of ConstructionGood Quality : strong, safe, confortableFlexibel : free design, local building materials

Simple and HealthySimple and HealthyInstant House

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Construction Modul System Risha

Modul making SINGLE MODUL

Construction process

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Form Works

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Light Weight

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Structural Testing due to Earthquake Load

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Kurva Beban Lateral Puncak Vs Pergeseran Lateral

Kurva Beban Lateral Puncak Vs Pergeseran Lateral

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.01.5

2.0

2.5

-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Pergeseran Lateral (mm)

Beba

n La

tera

l ( to

n.f )

∆y(+)

∆y(-)∆i(-)

∆i(+)

Py(+) = 1.35t

Pi(+) = 1.26t

Pi(+)=1.26t

Py(+)= 1.45t

Shear force design (Pi):

P i(teoritical) = 1,265 ton (tanah keras)

Pi= 1,372 t (tanah sedang)

Pi= 1,449 t (tanah lunak)

Gaya geser gempa hasil uji:

P y(+) = 1.35 ton

∆ y(+) = 18.10 mm

P max(+) =2.16 ton

Daktilitas µ (+) = 5.49P y(-) = 1.45 ton∆ y(-) = 18.04 mmP max(-) =2.30 ton

Daktilitas µ (-) = 5.07

RRishaisha

Implemented ofImplemented of RRishaisha

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Growing House Type-1

RSH 36 RSH 36 SistemSistem RRishaishaLb 36, Lt 100Lb 36, Lt 100

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Flexibility of RISHA componentFlexibility of RISHA component

Public building by RISHA Public building by RISHA component : component :

1. Mosque2. Clinic3. Government office4. Educational building

Model for ordinary school or Model for ordinary school or Islamic schoolIslamic school

Use for the fence component

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SMALL MOSQUE

Mosque

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Local Government Office

Public ClinicBuilding Area : 112. 5 m2

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Bandung

Bongkar

Banda Aceh

Tarkim Jabar

Cileunyi Puskim

Menpera Center Banda Aceh

2 lt bangun ulang

• Wood is a renewable material

• Fast growing trees is a never end resource material

Resource of solid wood from nature forest decreasing

Eco-house prospectWood utilization

Healthy designLow energy

Courtesy of MHP

• Acacia Mangium is a fast growing species

10 years old

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Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Sengon Wood Rubber Wood

Acacia mangiumSengon Wood

Engineered Wood (LVL)

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•• Wood is a renewable building materialWood is a renewable building material

•• Plant Forest who produce an fast growing trees are Plant Forest who produce an fast growing trees are a potential resource for building material in a potential resource for building material in IndonesiaIndonesia

•• The fast growing trees are the basic material for The fast growing trees are the basic material for engineered wood such Laminated Veneer Lumber engineered wood such Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and (LVL) and GlulamGlulam

Anti-Seismic Design For Wooden Multi Story Residential Building (MSRB)

Design concept of three stories A-Seismic wooden MSRB

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Beam Componentmade of LVL and Plywood

Column Componentmade of LVL

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Construction of LVL MSRB Model

Full scale column test

LVL column separates

Axial load Test of Column component

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Displacement (mm)

Load

(kN

)

Load max

Load Max; 382,10 kNDeformation; 17,77 mm

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Main Beam during test

Load position on main beam

Beam Componen Flexure Test

Max Load for Main Beam; 30,40 kNDisplacement; 14,15 mm

Load max of secondary beam; 19,55 kNDisplacement; 14,05 mm

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Displacement (mm)

Load

(kN

)

Secondary beam curve

Balok2

Balok1

Damage of web beam Damage of web and flange beam

Main beam curve

-5.00

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Displacement (mm)

Load

(kN

)

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Full scale LVL apartment structural system during testing

Water loading method for full scale LVL apartment structural

system test

LVL MSRB structural system test

-50-40-30-20-10

01020304050

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Displacement (mm)

Load

(kN

)

Hysteresis of LVL MSRB structural test

-50-40-30-20-10

01020304050

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150

Displacement (mm)

Load

(kN

)

Hysteresis and envelop of LVL MSRB structural test

Envelop of LVL MSRB structural test

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Standard, Guideline and Manual Preparation

STANDARD & GUIDELINES PREPARATION CYCLES

R & D CONCEPT OFSPM (STANDARD,

GUIDELINE, MANUAL)

AGREED SPM

TECHNICAL & CONCENSUS

MEETING

MANDATORY SPM

APLICATIONGovernment Regulation, Presidential Regulation,

Ministerial Decree, Local Govt. Regulation, Contract, Other

lower legal type Scheme

Test Methods, Specification,Technical Guideline, Technical Directives, Procedures etc

Prototype (lab Scale, 1 to 1 Scale, Area Based Scale

Monitoring, Evaluation & Validation

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• The demand for standard in human settlement field is rather high,

• RCHS prepared the standard items which are technical for publication, while the legality of publication is done by the National Standardization Agency (BSN).

• The RCHS makes use its research product, but it may also adopt foreign countries standard which is suitable for Indonesian condition.

• The preparation of a standard is done by a group of experts, researchers, academics, professional, association members, government officials which are related to the prepared standard.

Standard for Building Structures and Constructions

The following are some standard prepared by RCHS,

• Standard for design of reinforced concrete structure building

• Standard for design of steel structure building• Standard for design of timber structure building• Standard for design of Anti-seismic building

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Standard, Guideline and Manual Dissemination

• Seminars, trainings,Technical Advice in the structure and construction of anti-seismic building

• Construct the model of Anti-seismic houses for several structural type

Dissemination of standard are carried out by the central as well as local government by means :

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Nabire, Papua 2004• Earthquake on February 5th 2004• Earthquake on November 26th 2004

Example 1 :

Papua Earthquake tectonic and fault map

NABIRE

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Second Earthquake November 26th 2004

First Earthquake on February 5th 2004

Nabire’s geologycal map

NABIRE

• RCHS Anti-seismic Church Design

• Construct by Professional Contractor

Church at Smoker, Nabire, Papua

First Earthquake First Earthquake

Second Earthquake Second Earthquake

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• RCHS Anti-seismic Church Design

• Construct by Professional Contractor collaboration with the Owner

First Earthquake

Second Earthquake Second Earthquake

Church at Nabire, Papua

Mosque at Nabire, Papua

First Earthquake

Second Earthquake

Falling masonry wall during construction when earthquake strike

Second Earthquake

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Aceh & Nias 2006• Aceh Earthquake on December 26th 2004• Nias Earthquake on March 28th 2005

Example 2 :

USGS Information about 26th December 2004 and March 28th 2005 Earthquakes

Nias Island

Aceh

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Full scale Anti-seismic house model under construction

Anti-seismic house construction workshop

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Conclusion

• Earthquake resistance buildings should be design according to local tradition and environmental needs

• To improve earthquake awarness of the community in seismically active region, a public campaign should be held concerning earthquake prepardness.

• especially about the structure and construction of anti-seismic buildings technology which is suitable for the up-to-date anti-seismic building.

• Furthermore, it should be suitable for the traditional technology for construction of residential building.